Airborne eddy covariance (EC) measurement is one of the most effective methods to directly measure the surface mass and energy fluxes at the regional scale. It offers the possibility to bridge the scale gap between local- and global-scale measurement...
The sensible heat is an important component in surface energy partitioning over the land surface. This paper compared the sensible heat fluxes measured by a large aperture scintillometer system (LAS) and an eddy covariance system (EC) over a rice pad...
Crop evapotranspiration (ETC) water demands are critical decision support information for the sustainable use of water resources for optimum crop productivity. When measurements of ETC at all locations are not feasible, the prediction of ETC and crop...
The full understanding of variation and temporal changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in cropland may contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions from agriculture. The aim of this study was to determine the CO2 exchange intensity in the three most p...
The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), known as the Earth’s third pole, is highly sensitive to climate change. Various environmental degradation has occurred due to the effects of climate warming such as the degradation of permafrost and the th...
The surface renewal method (SR) allows estimating the sensible heat flux (H) using high-frequency thermocouples. Traditionally, SR has been compared and calibrated using standard instruments such as the Eddy covariance system (EC). Calibration involv...
The Brazilian Pampa biome has natural pastures that have been used for centuries for cattle grazing. This is considered a sustainable system because it combines the conservation of natural vegetation and high-quality meat production, protecting the b...
Surface energy balance models have been one of the most widely used approaches to estimate spatially distributed evapotranspiration (ET) at varying landscape scales. However, more research is required to develop and test an operational framework that...
With the development of low-cost, lightweight, integrated thermal infrared-multispectral cameras, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have recently become a flexible complement to eddy covariance (EC) station methods for mapping surface energy fluxes of ve...
Agricultural land management is a major determinant of terrestrial carbon (C) fluxes and has substantial implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation strategies. This study evaluated the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of an agricultural fiel...
An accurate assessment of evapotranspiration (ET) is crucially needed at the basin scale for studying the hydrological processes and water balance especially from upstream to downstream. In the mountains, this term is poorly understood because of var...
Approximating the complex nonlinear relationships that dominate the exchange of carbon dioxide fluxes between the biosphere and atmosphere is fundamentally important for addressing the issue of climate change. The progress of machine learning techniq...
The La Mancha region (a semi-arid area of southeast Spain) hosts the world’s highest concentration of vineyards and is also one of the regions with the largest areas devoted to almond tree cultivation. Viticulture and nut fruit trees (mainly al...
Missing data and low data quality are common issues in field observations of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from eddy-covariance systems, which necessitates the need for gap-filling techniques to improve data quality and utility for further analyses...
Integrating green spaces into urban designs and planning for ecosystem services has become vital; however, in creating these spaces, the growth phase is often overlooked. This study provides insight into the changing energy and carbon dioxide (CO2) f...
Studies on the spatiotemporal dynamics in ecosystem carbon and water exchanges are essential in predicting the effects of climate change on regional carbon and energy budgets. Using the eddy covariance technique, carbon and water fluxes were observed...
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been proven to be well correlated with vegetation photosynthesis. Although multiple studies have found that SIF demonstrates a strong correlation with gross primary production (GPP), SIF-based GPP esti...
The thermally driven wind over mountainous terrains challenges the estimation of CO2 exchange between forests and the atmosphere when using the eddy covariance technique. In this study, the wind regimes were investigated in a temperate deciduous fore...
It is of great significance for the validation of remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) products to solve the spatial-scale mismatch between site observations and remote sensing estimations. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a compreh...
The unresolved energy-unclosed problem in micrometeorology refers to the fact that the sum of turbulent fluxes (sensible and latent heat fluxes, Hs and LE) monitored by eddy covariance (EC) methods tends to be lower than the available energy (net rad...
Evapotranspiration is essential for precise irrigation and water resource management. Previous literature suggested that eddy covariance (EC) systems could directly measure evapotranspiration in agricultural fields. However, the eddy covariance metho...
The cultivation of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) in South Africa has increased over the years, yet their water use is unknown. Their cultivation in the Western Cape Province of South Africa is highly dependent on supplementary irrigation, i...
The CenW ecosystem model simulates carbon, water, and nitrogen cycles following ecophysiological processes and management practices on a daily basis. We tested and evaluated the model using five years eddy covariance measurements from two adjacent bu...
Aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) is an in situ technique for measuring fluxes in marine and freshwater systems that is based on the covariance of velocity and concentration measurements. To date, AEC has mainly been applied to the measurement of benthic...
Forest carbon sequestration offset protocols have been employed for more than 20 years with limited success in slowing deforestation and increasing forest carbon trading volume. Direct measurement of forest carbon flux improves quantification for tra...
The eddy covariance (EC) technique is a key tool in environmental monitoring, enabling continuous and non-invasive measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes at the ecosystem–atmosphere interface. In environments characterized by high levels of...
Precise estimation of surface-atmosphere exchange is a major challenge in micrometeorology. Previous literature presented the eddy covariance (EC) as the most reliable method for the measurements of such fluxes. Nevertheless, the EC technique is quit...
Eddy covariance measurements are increasingly utilized for assessing the exchange of matter and energy between ecosystems and the atmosphere across various time scales, ranging from hours to years. The flux footprint represents the area observable by...
Coupled terrestrial carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and hydrological processes play a crucial role in the climate system, providing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate change. In this review we summarize published research results to gain an inc...
The Brazil–Malvinas Confluence (BMC) is one of the most dynamical regions of the global ocean. Its variability is dominated by the mesoscale, mainly expressed by the presence of meanders and eddies, which are understood to be local regulators of air-...
The opening and closing of plant stomata regulates the global water, carbon and energy cycles. Biophysical feedbacks on climate are highly dependent on transpiration, which is mediated by vegetation phenology and plant responses to stress conditions....
Eddy covariance observation is an applicable way to obtain accurate and continuous carbon flux at flux tower sites, while remote sensing technology could estimate carbon exchange and carbon storage at regional and global scales effectively. However,...
We apply the principles of atmospheric surface layer dynamics within a vineyard canopy to demonstrate the use of forward-looking infrared cameras measuring surface brightness temperature (spectrum bandwidth of 7.5 to 14 μm) at a relatively high tempo...
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key variable in the hydrological cycle and it directly impacts the surface balance and its accurate assessment is essential for a correct water management. ET is difficult to measure, since the existing methods for its di...
Solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence has been shown to be increasingly an useful proxy for the estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP), at a range of spatial scales. Here, we explore the seasonality in a continuous time series of canopy sola...
Remote sensing based estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) provides a direct accounting of the crop water use. However, the use of satellite data has generally required that a compromise between spatial and temporal resolution is made, i.e., one coul...
A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed to describe the turbulent transfer of carbon dioxide (CO2) within the atmospheric surface layer, taking into account the horizontal land surface heterogeneity. It was based on the ”one and a...
Energy balance closure is an important feature in studies of ecosystem exchanges of energy and greenhouse gases using the eddy covariance method. Previous analyses show that this is still a problem with imbalances in the order of 0.6–0.7 to full clos...
Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial part of commercial grapevine production in California, and the partitioning of this quantity allows the separate assessment of soil and vine water and energy fluxes. This partitioning has an important role in agri...
The local-scale 2D and 3D models of greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange between a non-uniform land surface and the atmosphere were developed. They are based on solution of the system of averaged Navier-Stokes, continuity and diffusion-advection equations...
Although the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) is an important parameter to calculate the photosynthesis rate for the terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs), current models could not satisfactorily estimate the Vcmax of a crop because the Vcmax is alwa...
This study integrates surface renewal theory (SR) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to explore the estimation of sensible heat flux in tea plantations. SR describes the turbulent transport processes at the air–water interface and h...
The light-use efficiency-based gross primary productivity (LUE-GPP) model is widely utilized for simulating terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchanges owing to its perceived simplicity and reliability. Variations in cloud cover and aerosol concentrations...
The aim of this study was to combine the FAO-56 dual approach and remotely-sensed data for mapping water use (ETc) in irrigated wheat crops of a semi-arid region. The method is based on the relationships established between Normalized Difference Vege...
Proximal sensing is fundamental to monitor the spatial and seasonal dynamics of ecosystems and can be considered as a crucial validation tool to upscale in situ observations to the satellite level. Linking hyperspectral remote sensing with carbon flu...
In this paper, we address the retrieval of spatially distributed latent heat flux (
Quantifying the accuracy of remote sensing products is a timely endeavor given the rapid increase in Earth observation missions. A validation site for Sentinel-2 products was hence established in central Germany. Automatic multispectral and hyperspec...
The modeling and partitioning of regional evapotranspiration (ET) are key issues in global hydrological and ecological research. We incorporated a stomatal conductance model and a light-use efficiency-based gross primary productivity (GPP) model into...
Understanding the consequences of different management practices on vegetation phenology, forage production and quality, plant and microbial species composition, greenhouse gas emissions, and water budgets in tallgrass prairie systems is vital to ide...
In semi-arid regions, seasonally dry tropical forests are essential for regulating the surface energy balance, which can be analyzed by examining air heating processes and water availability control. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ab...
of 4