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Water
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Crop Evapotranspiration, Crop Irrigation and Water Savings
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Crop Evapotranspiration, Crop Irrigation and Water Savings

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 1442

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luis Santos Pereira

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center on Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), School of Agriculture (ISA), University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: reference and crop evapotranspiration; crop water and irrigation requirements; irrigation management; coping with water scarcity; droughts characterization and management; performance of irrigation methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paula Paredes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center on Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), School of Agriculture (ISA), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: crop and reference evapotranspiration; crop water requirements; irrigation management; modelling; water–yield relations; coping with water scarcity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a main role in the water balance at various scales, from the plant and the field to the watershed or the irrigation system. ET allows understanding the hydrological behaviour of natural and cropped ecosystems and adopting improved water resources planning and management. With the increasing competition for water and decreasing water resource availability, the need to cope with water scarcity, droughts and climate change increases the importance of the accurate knowledge and estimation of ET for annual and perennial crops and landscapes. Improved use of ET information allows us to enhance water use performance in agriculture at various scales. Therefore, there is the great need for an accurate scrutiny of the ET measurements, of the weather data collection and of the data processing procedures.

This Special Issue encourages the submission of review and applied research articles that contribute to the accurate measurement and estimation of crop evapotranspiration and transpiration applied to a variety of vegetable and field crops, trees and vines and natural and man-made landscapes. Such knowledge makes it possible to improve crop and irrigation management, support precision agriculture, saving water and environmental protection. Accuracy in data collection and handling is paramount in improving water management and crop yields. Potential topics include a variety of approaches in data collection, evapotranspiration determination and water use issues, as described below.

Prof. Dr. Luis Santos Pereira
Dr. Paula Paredes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • the use of FAO crop coefficients and transpiration coefficients
  • evapotranspiration, aerodynamic and bulk canopy resistance
  • evapotranspiration, irrigation scheduling and water saving
  • tree evapotranspiration
  • traditional and under-utilized vegetable crops
  • remote sensing and irrigation scheduling
  • crop management for controlling ET and yield
  • precision irrigation
  • irrigation scheduling using crop coefficients from fraction of ground cover and height
  • use of model tools

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1798 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Evapotranspiration Prediction for Cassava Crop Using Artificial Neural Network Models and Empirical Models over Cross River Basin in Nigeria
by Oluwadamilare Oluwasegun Eludire, Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye, Michael Alatise, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Philip Oguntunde, Tayo Badmus, Abayomi Fashina, Oluwafemi E. Adeyeri, Idowu Ezekiel Olorunfemi and Akinwale T. Ogunrinde
Water 2025, 17(1), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010087 - 1 Jan 2025
Viewed by 976
Abstract
The accurate assessment of water availability throughout the cassava cropping season (the initial, developmental, mid-season, and late stages) is crucial for mitigating the impacts of climate change on crop production. Using the Mann–Kendall Test, we investigated the trends in rainfall and cassava crop [...] Read more.
The accurate assessment of water availability throughout the cassava cropping season (the initial, developmental, mid-season, and late stages) is crucial for mitigating the impacts of climate change on crop production. Using the Mann–Kendall Test, we investigated the trends in rainfall and cassava crop evapotranspiration (ETc) within the Cross River basin in Nigeria. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was based on two approaches, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling and three established empirical models—the Penman–Monteith (considered the standard method), Blaney–Morin–Nigeria (BMN), and Hargreaves–Samani (HAG) models. ANN predictions were performed by using inputs from BMN and HAG parameters, denoted as BMN-ANN and HAG-ANN, respectively. The results from the ANN models were compared to those obtained from the Penman–Monteith method. Remotely sensed meteorological data spanning 39 years (1979–2017) were acquired from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) to estimate ETc, while cassava yield data were acquired from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan. The study revealed a significant upward trend in cassava crop ETc over the study period. Additionally, the ANN models outperformed the empirical models in terms of prediction accuracy. The BMN-ANN model with a Tansig activation function and a 3-3-1 architecture (number of input neurons, hidden layers, and output neurons) achieved the highest performance, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9890, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.000056 mm/day, and a Willmott’s index of agreement (d) of 0.9960. There is a decreasing trend in cassava yield in the region and further analysis indicated potential average daily water deficits of approximately −1.1 mm/day during the developmental stage. These deficits could potentially hinder root biomass, yield, and overall cassava yield in the Cross River basin. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of ANN modelling for irrigation planning, especially in the face of a worsening climate change scenario. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crop Evapotranspiration, Crop Irrigation and Water Savings)
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