Background/Objectives: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Traditional diagnostic methods, which depend on subjective assessments, of...
Background/Objectives: To investigate the usefulness of an emergency electroencephalogram (emEEG) in the differential diagnosis of transient neurological deficits (TND) and acute confusional state (ACS). Methods: An analysis was performed on a subset...
The present study aimed at analyzing the possibilities of early diagnostics of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in toddlers and preschool children. Parents and caregivers from children day care centers provided information about 863 children...
14 March 2023
The diagnostic criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) reflect the behavioural and functional outcomes of cognitive processes. Historically they have been based on external observations and lack specificity: clinical cohorts of c...
An accurate and early diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can improve health outcomes and prevent unnecessary medical expenses. This study developed a diagnostic support model using a machine learning approach to effectively screen...
Clinical decision-making may be enhanced when combining psychophysiological sensors with computerized neuropsychological tests. The current study explored the utility of integrating an eye tracker with a commercially available continuous performance...
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests differently across sexes, potentially impacting symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment. Nevertheless, these legitimate sex differe...
This review aims to discuss the apparent reduction in pulmonary cancer incidence in the general population during and shortly after the COVID-19 pandemic from a biological and pathophysiological mechanistic point of view. While the epidemiological ev...
Recorded diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have risen steeply in several healthcare systems, and the rise is read either as evidence that ADHD is becoming more common or that it is overdiagnosed. This structured narrative r...
Background/Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) shows substantial cognitive heterogeneity, complicating individualized clinical formulation. This study examined whether Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), anxiety, and ADHD...
A systematic review on electroencephalographic (EEG)-based feature extraction strategies to diagnosis and therapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is presented. The analysis is realized at an executive function level to...
The syndrome of transient headache and neurologic deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare, self-limiting condition with severe headaches combined with neurological symptoms. However, evidence-based recommendations on diagnos...
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in childhood. Beyond biological factors, social and environmental conditions influence developmental experience...
The memory-guided saccade task requires the remembrance of a peripheral target location, whilst inhibiting the urge to make a saccade ahead of an auditory cue. The literature has explored the endophenotypic deficits associated with differences in tar...
The present study contributes to the research problem of applying social robots in autism diagnosis. There is a common belief that existing diagnostic methods for autistic spectrum disorder are not effective. Advances in Human–Robot Interaction...
Background: To date, scientific literature has not as yet come up with any review showing the diagnostic tests used for functional assessment of the foot and leg. Methods: A literature review was conducted of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, DOA...
1 January 2012
Functional disorders are a frequent challenge in neurology as their pathophysiology remains elusive and absolute diagnostic criteria are lacking. The main categories of functional disorders in neurology comprise functional movement disorders, pseudo-...
Background: Acute focal neurological deficits require rapid differentiation between ischemic stroke and stroke mimics to avoid treatment delays and inappropriate therapy. Seizures, including ictal deficits, status epilepticus, and post-ictal/Todd&rsq...
Acute vertigo or dizziness that is accompanied by a sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) often poses a diagnostic challenge. While a combined audiovestibular deficit makes an inner ear pathology most likely, this does not necessarily exclude a v...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) are neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping diagnostic behaviors and risk factors. These include embryonic exposure to teratogens and mutations in genes that have important functio...
Tumor–endothelial cell interactions represent an essential mechanism in spinal metastasis. Ephrin-B2–EphB4 communication induces tumor cell repulsion from the endothelium in metastatic melanoma, reducing spinal bone metastasis formation. To shed furt...
Background: Cognitive functions are the basis for the development of language skills. Cognitive disorders occur in schizophrenia and may be present even before the first symptoms of psychosis. Language deficits are also mentioned as one of the diagno...
Infective spondylitis is a rare but potentially devastating spinal infection that requires timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent severe complications, including neurological deficits and spinal deformity. Despite advancements in diagn...
Possession of characteristics related to Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder, Oppositional Defiance Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder in children prenatally exposed to alcohol contributes to challenges within the diagnostic pathway for Foetal...
Objective: Obesity represents a health risk and several studies have linked this clinical entity to cognitive deficits. Among the neuropsychological rehabilitation tools, Peak, a digital application, has shown positive results as a therapeutic method...
Compound flooding increasingly threatens developed coastal deltas. High risk pressure does not necessarily produce a resilience deficit where capacity is sufficient, whereas moderate-pressure areas may remain vulnerable when capacity is weak. Recent...
We report a patient suffering from spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) who, following a non-selective lumbar blood patch, returned to his healthcare provider with severe symptoms of neurological deficits. It was subsequently discovered that th...
1 January 2011
With the present review we aim to summarise current diagnostic criteria and treatment options of Rasmussen’s encephalitis, a chronic inflammatory disease which affects mainly children, but also young adults, and is characterised by unilateral hemisph...
Popliteal artery aneurysms (PAA) lose their pulsatility once thrombosed and may therefore be mistaken for a Baker cyst or a soft-tissue tumor. A 58-year-old male presented with a 6-month history of progressive right popliteal swelling and pain, accom...
(1) Background: COVID-19 had a major impact on cancer diagnostics and treatment. Delays in diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma were particularly feared, given the impact on survival and morbidity that comes with advanced stages. Moreover, its incidence i...
Background: This research can facilitate the development of early detection tools for ASD by identifying specific patterns of deficits in executive functioning, validating the use of the BRIEF-P as a detection tool, and complementing information obta...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic and potentially life-threatening condition, wherein timely diagnosis assumes paramount significance for the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions, thereby ameliorating pulmonary function, addressing nutritio...
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, presents a diagnostic conundrum due to its rare and often nonspecific clinical manifestations. This paper aims to unravel the d...
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline in elderly people and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a key pathophysiological mechanism of amyloidal CSVD. Sleep p...
Headache is a common complaint during pregnancy and the puerperium. The differentiation between a benign headache and a headache that has an underlying more endangering cause, such as an intracranial tumor, can be difficult and often requires diagnos...
Background: Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) is a clinical syndrome marked by progressive visuospatial impairment, usually due to underlying Alzheimer’s disease. While reading and spelling deficits are recognized clinical features of this syndr...
Background: Standard visual acuity (VA) is often preserved in early retinitis pigmentosa (RP), limiting its value as a marker of functional impairment. Alternative measures such as low-luminance deficit (LLD) and low-contrast deficit (LCD) may detect...
Hearing loss (HL) affects more than 1.5 billion people worldwide and remains a leading cause of disability across the lifespan. While genetic predispositions, otitis media (OM), and cholesteatoma are well-recognized contributors, Eustachian tube dysf...
Biomass-based bioenergy plants are commonly compared using aggregate indices that locate a system on a utilization scale but conceal the dimensional structure of its remaining deficit. This study extends the Biopolygeneration Diagnostic Index (BDI) b...
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder primarily affecting children and adolescents characterized by multisystemic clinical manifestations. Mutations in neurofibromin, the protein encoded by the Nf1 tumor suppresso...
Migraine is a complex neurologic disorder by which several systems of the central nervous system (autonomous system, affective, cognitive, sensory and motor system) may be affected on different levels. About a fourth of migraine patients have migrain...
Low back pain (LBP) represents an immense economic burden, with a lifetime prevalence of up to 84%. However, conventional diagnostic methods such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or X-rays provide only limited information about the pathogenesis an...
Although less pronounced, social, cognitive, and personality characteristics associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may be present in people who do not meet ASD diagnostic criteria, especially in first-degree relatives of individuals with AS...
Psychological assessment is an integral aspect of training in graduate school. Developing ecologically integrated and culturally sensitive diagnostic tools to support case conceptualization and differential diagnosis is critical to improving assessme...
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has recently experienced a revival in diagnostics and research. However, little progress has been made regarding CSF cell analysis. For almost a century, CSF cell count and cytomorphological examination have been central dia...
Background: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe Feeding and Eating Disorder (FED) that is more prevalent in females, often manifesting during adolescence. Recent research highlights an elevated presence of comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite significant comorbidity, the previous diagnostic criteria prohibited the simultaneous diagnosis of both disor...
Syntactic deficits are not a core symptom of the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). However, some studies indicate syntactic impairments that deteriorate with progress of the disease. The study addresses the presence of a syntac...
Sensory processing abnormalities have been noted since the first clinical description of autism in 1940. However, it was not until the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 that sens...
Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS) is a chronic painful and disabling condition. Patients complain about upper-limb paresthesia or weakness. Weakness has been considered one of the diagnostic criteria of NTOS, but objective comparisons to hea...
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