Pediatric Reports

Research

14 pages, 253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of Life and Psychological Functioning in Children with PFAPA Syndrome

by Xosé Ramón García-Soto, Maria Isabel Villanueva-Alameda, Jessica Fernández-Solana, Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, Arancha Bernal-Jiménez, Lara Santos-Martín, Juan García-Mellado, Sara Calvo-Simal and Rodrigo Vélez-Santamaría

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(3), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17030051 - 22 Apr 2025

Viewed by 222

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study analyzes the impact of PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the psychological functioning of children and adolescents aged 2 to 1 years. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: This study analyzes the impact of PFAPA syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the psychological functioning of children and adolescents aged 2 to 1 years. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 62 participants (31 males and 31 females) diagnosed with PFAPA. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Family Impact Module scale of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) were used to assess psychological functioning and HRQoL, respectively. Results: Participants exhibited predominantly low HRQoL, particularly in physical health and emotional functioning. School functioning was also affected. However, social functioning and family relationships showed more favorable scores. A positive correlation was observed between age and emotional symptoms. Family concern was the most significantly impacted aspect. Conclusions: PFAPA syndrome has a significant impact on the HRQoL of affected children and adolescents, particularly in physical and emotional aspects. A holistic approach is necessary for disease management, considering not only physical symptoms but also psychosocial and academic factors, as well as the impact on the family. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

17 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Virtual Reality as a Tool for Upper Limb Rehabilitation in Rett Syndrome: Reducing Stereotypies and Improving Motor Skills

by Rosa Angela Fabio, Martina Semino, Michela Perina, Matteo Martini, Emanuela Riccio, Giulia Pili, Danilo Pani and Manuela Chessa

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020049 - 18 Apr 2025

Viewed by 162

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that causes the loss of motor, communicative, and cognitive skills. While no cure exists, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving quality of life. Virtual Reality (VR) has shown promise in enhancing motor function [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that causes the loss of motor, communicative, and cognitive skills. While no cure exists, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving quality of life. Virtual Reality (VR) has shown promise in enhancing motor function and reducing stereotypic behaviors in RTT. This study aims to assess the impact of VR training on upper limb motor skills in RTT patients, focusing on reaching and hand-opening tasks, as well as examining its role in motivation and engagement during rehabilitation. Methods: Twenty RTT patients (aged 5–33) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (VR training) and a control group (standard rehabilitation). Pre- and post-tests evaluated motor skills and motivation in both VR and real-world contexts. The VR training involved 40 sessions over 8 weeks, focusing on fine motor tasks. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in the experimental group for motor parameters, including reduced stereotypy intensity and frequency, faster response times, and increased correct performance. These improvements were consistent across VR and ecological conditions. Moreover, attention time increased, while the number of aids required decreased, highlighting enhanced engagement and independence. However, motivation levels remained stable throughout the sessions. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of VR as a tool for RTT rehabilitation, addressing both motor and engagement challenges. Future research should explore the customization of VR environments to maximize the generalization of skills and sustain motivation over extended training periods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combined Cognitive and Motor Training Improves Reading, Writing and Motor Coordination in Dyslexic Children

by Amal Ben Dhia, Maria-Pia Bucci, Chokri Naffeti, Helmi Ben Saad, Omar Hammouda and Tarak Driss

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020046 - 10 Apr 2025

Viewed by 344

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Different strategies were proposed to enhance dyslexic children’s performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cognitive and motor training on reading, writing, and motor coordination in dyslexic children. Methods: Twenty-four children with dyslexia (9.33 ± 0.48 years) were randomly [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Different strategies were proposed to enhance dyslexic children’s performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of combined cognitive and motor training on reading, writing, and motor coordination in dyslexic children. Methods: Twenty-four children with dyslexia (9.33 ± 0.48 years) were randomly allocated to either a Control (CG, 9.25 ± 0.45 years, n = 12) or a Trained Group (TG, 9.42 ± 0.51 years, n = 12). The intervention lasted eight weeks with a pre/post measurement (Δ) design in each group. It consisted of a combined cognitive and motor program composed of two 45 min sessions per week in TG. Reading and writing capabilities were measured using the word reading task based on the French battery (BALE) and the word dictation task, inspired by the ODÉDYS-2 French battery, respectively. The visuospatial orientation and the upper limb coordination parameters were evaluated using the Judgment of Line Orientation Test and Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition, short form test, respectively. Results: Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed no significant difference between CG and TG in pre-intervention in all tests. Reading (p < 0.001, d = 1.19, Δ% = 15.07) and writing (p < 0.001, d = 1.13, Δ% = 19.69) scores increased significantly at post-compared to preintervention in the TG group. Comparable results were obtained in the visuospatial orientation (p < 0.001, d = 0.97, Δ% = 63.50) and the upper limb coordination (p < 0.001, d = 0.69, Δ% = 110.42) scores. No significant change was observed in CG comparing pre/post-intervention. Conclusions: A combined cognitive and motor training program could allow better cerebellar integration, leading to the improvement in reading, writing, and motor abilities in children with dyslexia. Further studies on a larger number of dyslexic children will be necessary to explore such issues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Efficacy and Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents: Evaluating the Moderating Role of Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Factors

by Giulia Raimondi, James Dawe, Fabio Alivernini, Sara Manganelli, Pierluigi Diotaiuti, Laura Mandolesi, Michele Zacchilli, Fabio Lucidi and Elisa Cavicchiolo

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020039 - 21 Mar 2025

Viewed by 265

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage characterized by significant psychological and emotional changes. Within the school context, academic self-efficacy (ASE) influences students’ emotional well-being, including positive and negative affective states. Research has shown that both ASE and emotional well-being are associated with [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a crucial developmental stage characterized by significant psychological and emotional changes. Within the school context, academic self-efficacy (ASE) influences students’ emotional well-being, including positive and negative affective states. Research has shown that both ASE and emotional well-being are associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and immigrant background. This study aims to examine whether SES and immigrant background moderate the relationship between ASE and positive/negative affect among adolescents. Methods: Data were collected from a representative sample of 26,564 10th-grade students in Italian schools. ASE, positive and negative affect, SES, and immigrant background were assessed through validated measures. Multigroup structural equation modeling (multigroup SEM) was conducted to test the moderating roles of SES (low, middle, high) and immigrant background (native, first-generation immigrant, second-generation immigrant) on the relationship between ASE and affective states. Results: The results indicated that ASE significantly predicted positive affect (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) and negative affect (β = −0.17, p < 0.001) across all groups. However, results indicated no significant differences in the ASE–emotional affect relationship across SES and immigrant background groups, indicating that neither SES nor immigrant background moderated these associations. Conclusions: The findings suggest that ASE is associated with both positive affect and negative affect in adolescents, irrespective of SES and immigrant background. This highlights the universal importance of fostering ASE in school settings to support emotional well-being across diverse demographic groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fathers Matter Too: Investigating Their Role with the P-CRS

by Alexandro Fortunato, Maria Quintigliano, Costanza Franchini, Marco Lauriola and Anna Maria Speranza

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020038 - 18 Mar 2025

Viewed by 189

Abstract

Background: The development of children is shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors, yet the role of fathers remains underrepresented in research. This study contributes to addressing this gap by examining paternal involvement through the Parent–Child Relationship Scale (P-CRS), [...] Read more.

Background: The development of children is shaped by a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors, yet the role of fathers remains underrepresented in research. This study contributes to addressing this gap by examining paternal involvement through the Parent–Child Relationship Scale (P-CRS), an observational tool previously validated for mother–child interactions. Methods: The sample included 204 father–child dyads, with children aged 6 months to 5 years (mean age: 43.3 months), encompassing both clinical and non-clinical groups. Experienced clinicians conducted in vivo observations across 4–5 sessions, scoring interactions along three dimensions: parent, child, and interaction. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validated the P-CRS’s applicability to father–child relationships, confirming its psychometric robustness and alignment with the factors observed in mother–child dyads. Conclusions: These findings highlight the unique and complementary role of fathers in shaping developmental trajectories and underscore the importance of incorporating fathers in parenting interventions and assessments. Additionally, they demonstrate the P-CRS’s effectiveness in capturing the nuanced dynamics of early parent–child relationships. Future research should investigate longitudinal differences in parental roles and expand the P-CRS’s application to diverse family structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

11 pages, 236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of the Timing of Gender Dysphoria Presentation and Suicidal Behaviors on Internalizing Symptoms, Emotion Dysregulation, and Body Investment in Adolescents Seeking Gender Affirmation

by Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli, Federica Annecchini, Flora Furente, Fabio Tarantino, Valeria Carruolo, Elisabetta Lavorato, Maria Pia Riccio, Andrea De Giacomo and Emilia Matera

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020037 - 17 Mar 2025

Viewed by 280

Abstract

Studies have consistently shown that gender-diverse youth experience higher rates of internalizing disorders and self-harm behaviors (SH) compared to their cisgender peers. However, there is limited research on how body investment and emotion regulation influence these symptoms, especially in relation to the age [...] Read more.

Studies have consistently shown that gender-diverse youth experience higher rates of internalizing disorders and self-harm behaviors (SH) compared to their cisgender peers. However, there is limited research on how body investment and emotion regulation influence these symptoms, especially in relation to the age of gender dysphoria (GD) presentation. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship between the timing of GD presentation (early vs. late) and psychological distress in adolescents seeking gender affirmation (GA), specifically focusing on internalizing symptoms, emotion regulation, and body investment. The study also investigated how SH during the year preceding the request for gender affirmation might have impacted these factors. Methods: On a total of 80 adolescents (mean age: 14.88 years) at their first request for GA, participants were divided into two groups: early-presentation GD (EP-GD; mean age: 14.93 years) and late-presentation GD (LP-GD; mean age: 14.83 years). Among the sample, 60% exhibited SH. Internalizing symptoms, emotion regulation, and body investment were assessed using the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Body Investment Scale (BIS). Results: Results revealed that LP-GD adolescents had significantly higher emotion dysregulation (ED), particularly in the Strategies domain of the DERS (p = 0.040), and more social problems in the YSR (p = 0.047) compared to EP-GD ones. SH were associated with higher internalizing symptoms, including anxiety, withdrawal, and somatic complaints (p < 0.03), as well as increased body dissatisfaction, particularly in the BIS Care and Protection dimensions (p = 0.044; p = 0.034). Conclusions: These findings supported the hypothesis that LP-GD adolescents and youths with a history of SH showed more pronounced emotion regulation difficulties and internalizing symptoms, further emphasizing the need for early intervention programs targeting both GD and co-occurring mental health problems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

18 pages, 1250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association Between TikTok Use and Anxiety, Depression, and Sleepiness Among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greece

by Angeliki Bilali, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Koutelekos, Chrysoula Dafogianni, Parisis Gallos, Ioannis Moisoglou and Petros Galanis

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020034 - 11 Mar 2025

Viewed by 1721

Abstract

Introduction: TikTok use is increasing, especially among children and adolescents. However, the negative effects of TikTok use have not been sufficiently investigated. Aim: To examine the association between TikTok use and anxiety, depression, and sleepiness in adolescents. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional [...] Read more.

Introduction: TikTok use is increasing, especially among children and adolescents. However, the negative effects of TikTok use have not been sufficiently investigated. Aim: To examine the association between TikTok use and anxiety, depression, and sleepiness in adolescents. Methods: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional study in Greece. We employed a convenience sample of 219 adolescents in Greece. All participants had a TikTok account. We used the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS) to measure TikTok use and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) to measure anxiety and depression. We constructed multivariable regression models, and we performed a stratified analysis according to gender. Results: The mean age was 18.5 years (standard deviation: 0.5, range: 18 to 19). In our sample, 81.3% were girls and 18.7% were boys. Mean daily TikTok usage and TTAS scores were statistically higher for girls than for boys. Our multivariable linear regression analysis was adjusted for age and showed that problematic TikTok use was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in both genders. In particular, we found a positive association between mood modification and anxiety score (beta = 0.404, p-value = 0.006). Moreover, we found a positive association between conflict and depression score (beta = 0.472, p-value < 0.001). Additionally, we found that the impact of TikTok on anxiety and depression was greater among boys than girls. We also found that problematic TikTok use was associated with increased sleepiness in both genders (mood modification: beta = 0.655, p-value < 0.001; conflict: beta = 0.674, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed a positive association between TikTok use and anxiety, depression, and sleepiness. Early identification of problematic TikTok users is essential to promote their mental health and well-being. Healthcare professionals should be alert to recognize symptoms of problematic TikTok use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 602 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adolescent-Reported Interparental Conflict and Related Emotional–Behavioral Difficulties: The Mediating Role of Psychological Inflexibility

by Ludovica Giani, Cecilia Amico, Chiara Crepaldi, Marcella Caputi, Simona Scaini, Giovanni Michelini and Barbara Forresi

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020033 - 11 Mar 2025

Viewed by 415

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Interparental conflict, with its multiple dimensions, represents a risk factor for youth mental health, triggering a series of cascading processes. Despite recent evidence highlighting that psychological inflexibility is a risk factor for adolescents’ psychopathology after stressful events, a limited number of studies [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Interparental conflict, with its multiple dimensions, represents a risk factor for youth mental health, triggering a series of cascading processes. Despite recent evidence highlighting that psychological inflexibility is a risk factor for adolescents’ psychopathology after stressful events, a limited number of studies have investigated its role in family conflicts. This study aims to investigate whether psychological inflexibility mediates the impact of conflict characteristics (intensity, frequency, and resolution) and threat appraisal of interparental conflict on the psychological difficulties of adolescent offspring. Methods: A sample of 195 adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years old completed the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth on Google Forms. Results: The findings revealed that adolescents living in a family environment characterized by high levels of perceived interparental conflicts exhibit a wide spectrum of psychological difficulties, either emotional or behavioral, partially mediated by their psychological inflexibility. However, when conflict between parents is interpreted as threatening, adolescents’ inflexibility appears to mediate the relationship between conflict and psychological difficulties. Conclusions: While future studies are needed to better understand this association, psychological flexibility might represent a relevant treatment target in adolescents exposed to interparental conflict. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Effects of a School Mindfulness-Based Intervention in French Primary Public Schools—A Pilot Study

by Jessica Monsillion, Lucia Romo and Rafika Zebdi

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020031 - 5 Mar 2025

Viewed by 609

Abstract

Background/Objectives: School-Mindfulness-Based Interventions (SMBIs) have shown positive effects on children’s mental health by enhancing emotional regulation and present-moment awareness. This pilot study explored the effects of an SMBI program on anxiety, depression, mindfulness, emotional awareness, executive functioning, and school well-being among French [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: School-Mindfulness-Based Interventions (SMBIs) have shown positive effects on children’s mental health by enhancing emotional regulation and present-moment awareness. This pilot study explored the effects of an SMBI program on anxiety, depression, mindfulness, emotional awareness, executive functioning, and school well-being among French primary school students (mean age = 116 months; SD = 9.06). Methods: A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was employed, with assessments at pre-intervention (T1), post-intervention (T2), and follow-up (T3). Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: The study found no statistically significant changes across all assessed dimensions. The lack of significant results may reflect factors such as the program’s duration, small sample size, reliance on self-report measures, and contextual challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. However, slight numerical trends in anxiety and mindfulness scores suggest potential benefits that larger studies may better detect. Conclusions: While no significant improvements were observed, the findings highlight important considerations for SMBI implementation in schools in France and internationally. Future research should address current limitations by increasing sample sizes, employing multi-informant assessments, and integrating SMBIs with complementary approaches, such as social-emotional learning. Extending the program duration or incorporating booster sessions may enhance effectiveness. Embedding SMBIs into school curricula through a whole-school approach could foster the sustainable and impactful integration of mindfulness practices into daily school life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing Cognitive Bias in Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using 3-D Animated Serious Games

by Suzanne Stewart, Stephen John Houghton and Leslie Macqueen

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020028 - 25 Feb 2025

Viewed by 439

Abstract

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a serious game, that embeds cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), in altering the negative interpretive bias of early aged adolescents diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Specific Learning Disorders. The difficulties [...] Read more.

Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a serious game, that embeds cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), in altering the negative interpretive bias of early aged adolescents diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Specific Learning Disorders. The difficulties that adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) experience navigating the social nuances of everyday environments make them prone to the cognitive biases that lead to the development of negative thought patterns. Directly tackling the biased interpretive processes that give rise to negative thinking may be effective in reducing negative bias and mental health problems. Method: Minds Online, a 10-episode 3-D animated serious game that embeds CBM-I was introduced using a three-phase multiple baseline design in a school setting. Eight adolescents diagnosed with an NDD completed the 10 episodes. Results: Real-time data revealed that seven of the eight adolescents altered their negative interpretive bias to a benign bias. However, pre- and post-test standardized measures revealed non-significant changes in the desired direction for mental health. Visual analyses of 308 daily self-reported ratings about worry about schoolwork, worry about peer relationships, and feelings of loneliness did not demonstrate a replicated intervention effect. However, when these interrupted time series data were analyzed statistically, significant individual improvements were evident. Engagement with Minds Online was excellent, as was adherence to daily data collection. Conclusions: Minds Online seems to be highly effective in altering the negative interpretive biases of adolescents with NDDs, which is promising because such cognitive biases are involved in the onset and maintenance of psychopathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

15 pages, 602 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association Between Bullying/Cyberbullying and Subjective Vitality in Children and Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Mental Toughness

by Pablo Ramírez-Espejo, Alba Rusillo-Magdaleno, Alberto Ruiz-Ariza and Manuel J. de la Torre-Cruz

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020027 - 25 Feb 2025

Viewed by 451

Abstract

Background: Previous research has examined to what extent the relationship between bullying/cyberbullying (victims and perpetrators) and psychological well-being is mediated by different cognitive–emotional variables. Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze whether mental toughness acted as a mediating variable in the relationship between [...] Read more.

Background: Previous research has examined to what extent the relationship between bullying/cyberbullying (victims and perpetrators) and psychological well-being is mediated by different cognitive–emotional variables. Objectives: The present study aimed to analyze whether mental toughness acted as a mediating variable in the relationship between bullying, suffered and perpetrated, and subjective vitality. Methods: Three hundred and twelve students in their final year of Primary Education and Compulsory Secondary Education, aged between 11 and 17 years, gave their responses to different self-report measures. Results: The results showed that perceived mental toughness significantly mediated the relationship between victimization and perpetration of aggressive acts through the use of electronic devices and levels of subjective vitality. A similar mediating effect was observed for occasions when the adolescent engaged in bullying acts during face-to-face interactions. Conclusions: It is concluded that high levels of mental toughness may act as a protective mechanism, reducing or mitigating the loss of subjective vitality resulting from being victimized in a virtual environment, as well as from perpetrating aggressive acts during face-to-face interactions and through the use of technological media. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Life and Adverse Childhood Events on Help-Seeking Behaviours—A Cross-Sectional Survey of School-Age Adolescents in Jordan

by Reham A. Lasheen, Sara Abu Khudair, Yousef Khader, Eizaburo Tanaka and Mohannad Al Nsour

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010022 - 10 Feb 2025

Viewed by 714

Abstract

Traumatic life and childhood events are associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly for adolescents, who are vulnerable to such events and exhibit distinct health behaviours and needs. Nevertheless, the influence of exposure to these events on their help-seeking behaviour remains largely unexplored, especially [...] Read more.

Traumatic life and childhood events are associated with adverse health outcomes, particularly for adolescents, who are vulnerable to such events and exhibit distinct health behaviours and needs. Nevertheless, the influence of exposure to these events on their help-seeking behaviour remains largely unexplored, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of adverse events among adolescents in Jordan and examine how adverse events shape the help-seeking behaviours. Methods: A national cross-sectional survey of 4407 school-age (12–18 years) adolescents living in Jordan was conducted between December 2022 and April 2023 using multi-state stratified cluster sampling. The study utilised self-report questionnaires as well as validated tools. These were adapted to ensure cultural relevance and sensitivity and translated to Arabic. Results: The prevalence of at least one adverse event is around 16%, while that of four or more ACEs stands at around 41% in our population. The most commonly reported event was being infected or having a family member infected with COVID-19 at 60.3%. Specific individual characteristics and traumatic events appeared to shape their help-seeking behaviour, particularly family affluence and smoking status as well as exposure to COVID-19. Conclusions: The study underscores the need to understand help-seeking patterns among school-age adolescents in light of exposure to traumatic events. Based on this study’s findings, special attention should be paid to the impact certain events have on adolescents’ mental health and their help-seeking behaviours. Positive help-seeking behaviours that resonate with adolescents’ beliefs, emphasising contextual factors in mental health coping, should be promoted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Look at My Body: It Tells of Suffering—Understanding Psychiatric Pathology in Patients Who Suffer from Headaches, Restrictive Eating Disorders, or Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries (NSSIs)

by Diletta Cristina Pratile, Marika Orlandi, Adriana Carpani and Martina Maria Mensi

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010021 - 8 Feb 2025

Viewed by 595

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by profound physical and psychological transformations, often leading to vulnerabilities such as body dissatisfaction, identity challenges, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. This often leads to body-related psychopathologies, including headaches, restrictive eating disorders, and [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by profound physical and psychological transformations, often leading to vulnerabilities such as body dissatisfaction, identity challenges, and the use of maladaptive coping strategies. This often leads to body-related psychopathologies, including headaches, restrictive eating disorders, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). The present study aimed to describe the typical functioning and features of these conditions and the differences between the three groups, and to identify the most effective assessment for predicting these conditions. Methods: Sixty adolescent patients (51 female; mean age = 15.34 ± 1.80) were divided into three groups: headaches, restrictive eating disorders, and NSSI, and assessed for differences in symptoms, cognitive performance, personality, functioning, and illness severity using semi-structured interviews, clinician-based scales, and performance-based tests like the Rorschach inkblot test, according to the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). Results: Individuals with headaches experienced more internalizing symptoms, had an average IQ, maintained some functioning areas, and had distorted patterns of self–other relationships with the tendency to project malevolent aspects onto others. Patients with restrictive eating disorders had high levels of depressive symptoms, above-average IQ scores, negative symptoms, moderate presence of obsessive–compulsive personality traits, disorganized thinking, and a tendency to interpret situations subjectively. Patients with NSSI showed the highest level of depressive symptoms and social anxiety symptoms, and a considerable presence of psychotic symptoms and perceptual distortions. Negative symptoms, borderline personality traits, and psychosis symptoms had the strongest predictivity. Conclusions: The study provides clinicians with relevant insights into the features of these conditions and highlights assessment strategies, tailored interventions, and enhanced outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1932 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of a Structured Social Skills Training Program on Adolescents and Young Adults with Level 1 Autism

by Leonardo Zoccante, Sara Sabaini, Erika Rigotti, Sophia Marlene Bonatti, Camilla Lintas and Marco Zaffanello

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010006 - 14 Jan 2025

Viewed by 1361

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Level 1 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by challenges in social and communication skills. Despite these difficulties, individuals with level 1 ASD often exhibit average intelligence and typical language development. Improving socialisation skills in this population requires tailored [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Level 1 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by challenges in social and communication skills. Despite these difficulties, individuals with level 1 ASD often exhibit average intelligence and typical language development. Improving socialisation skills in this population requires tailored approaches that address their specific needs and include targeted strategies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured social skills training programme for adolescents and young adults with level 1 ASD. Methods: Participants diagnosed with level 1 ASD, regardless of gender, were consecutively recruited from an outpatient clinic. The intervention involved activities from the Social Skills, Autonomy, and Awareness Module, specifically designed for adolescents and young adults. Sessions were conducted fortnightly, lasting 1.5 to 3 h each, over 17 months. Adaptive behaviour was assessed using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS) at baseline and after completing the programme. Data were analysed with SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical methods included automatic clustering to identify optimal clusters and Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests to evaluate variable distributions among the clusters. Results: A total of 31 participants (77.4% female) with a mean age of 20.1 years (SD = 7.0) were included in the study. Two distinct clusters emerged. Cluster 1 (n = 8) had significantly higher mean ages and baseline Vineland II socialisation scores than Cluster 2 (n = 23). Both clusters demonstrated significant improvements in social skills following the intervention. Conclusions: This study highlights distinct profiles within individuals with level 1 ASD, showing a clear link between age and social skill development. The intervention improved social skills for most participants, regardless of the age at which treatment began. For some individuals, alternative or augmented treatment strategies may be necessary to achieve optimal results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1976 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Results of Sensorimotor Room Training for the Improvement of Sensory and Motor Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

by Giulia Savarese, Rosa Mandia, Aldo Diavoletto, Michele Piscitelli, Francesca Impemba, Annatania Di Siervi, Luna Carpinelli, Franca Bottiglieri, Marianna Sessa and Giulio Corrivetti

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010004 - 8 Jan 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2403

Abstract

Background: Motor skills in early and middle childhood are essential for physical play, social interactions, and academic development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical sensory responses, which can impact self-care and other developmental areas. This study explores the impact of [...] Read more.

Background: Motor skills in early and middle childhood are essential for physical play, social interactions, and academic development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical sensory responses, which can impact self-care and other developmental areas. This study explores the impact of sensory and motor rehabilitation using a Motor Sensory Room to stimulate motor development in children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ASD, preschool and school-aged (2–10 years), were divided into three groups based on the DSM-5 severity levels. The PEP-3 scale was used to assess cognitive, language, motor, emotional, social, and behavioral development. Ten children underwent a 3-month Motor Sensory Room intervention, and data were collected longitudinally. A control group of ten children, matched in age, sex, and diagnosis, did not receive the intervention. A 12-month follow-up is planned for all participants. Results: Children exhibited diverse profiles. Type B subjects displayed more severe symptoms, while Type A showed milder symptoms with better language and interpersonal skills. After the 3-month intervention, improvements were noted in several PEP-3 areas. For sensory levels (hypo-reactivity), the percentage of individuals at medium levels increased from 44% to 50%. For hyper-reactivity, the percentage at medium levels rose from 30% to 40%. Motor skills improved, with the percentage of individuals with high motor abilities rising from 20% to 25%. Relational behaviors also saw gains, with an increase from 50% to 55% in medium-level behaviors. The experimental group demonstrated better outcomes compared to the control group, particularly in sensory and motor skills. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that sensory and motor training in a Motor Sensory Room improves sensory integration, motor coordination, and social interaction in children with ASD. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4122 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bibliometric Analysis of Anxiety and Physical Education in Web of Science—A Performance and Co-Word Study

by Josué González-Ruiz, Antonio Granero-Gallegos, José-Antonio Marín-Marín and Antonio José Moreno-Guerrero

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1169-1187; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040099 - 11 Dec 2024

Viewed by 831

Abstract

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the concepts ‘physical edu- cation’ and ‘anxiety’ (PHYEDU_ANX) in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Background/Objectives: No previous biblio- metric studies were found that addressed this intersection, so this research is a pioneering exploration of [...] Read more.

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the concepts ‘physical edu- cation’ and ‘anxiety’ (PHYEDU_ANX) in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Background/Objectives: No previous biblio- metric studies were found that addressed this intersection, so this research is a pioneering exploration of this knowledge gap. The aim of the study is to examine the presence of both concepts in the scientific literature, identifying their trends, approaches, and future prospects. Methods: For this purpose, the methodology of co-word analysis was used. Results: The results of the study show that research on PHYEDU and ANX has traditionally focused on three main areas: motivation, exercise, and depression. In this first period, the focus was on the problem (ANX, depression…), Conclusions: whereas nowadays, research focuses on the subjects who suffer from it, mainly adolescents and students. The study suggests that future research in this field will focus on the areas of satisfaction, intervention, and association. This research also answers questions relevant to the field, such as which institutions or countries are the most prolific publishers of PHYEDU_ANX, as well as the most cited authors in this area of study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Attributional Styles and Their Impact on Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Italian Children: Insights from the Italian Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R)

by Simona Scaini, Silvia Grazioli, Ludovica Giani, Barbara Forresi, Stefano De Francesco and Marcella Caputi

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1134-1148; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040096 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1029

Abstract

Background: There is evidence that the tendency to adopt a peculiar pattern of causal inference, known as attributional style, is likely related to specific patterns of psychopathology among youth. Objective: This study aims to assess preliminary psychometric properties of the Italian Children’s Attributional [...] Read more.

Background: There is evidence that the tendency to adopt a peculiar pattern of causal inference, known as attributional style, is likely related to specific patterns of psychopathology among youth. Objective: This study aims to assess preliminary psychometric properties of the Italian Children’s Attributional Style Questionnaire-Revised (CASQ-R) and to explore the presence of any subgroups of children and early adolescents from the general population who might exhibit internally homogeneous and externally heterogeneous attributional styles through latent class analysis, delving into the potential sociodemographic, namely age and gender, and clinical differences among the identified classes of attributional styles. Method: A sample of 337 children (11.29 ± 1.76 years old, 169 females, and 168 males) was recruited and their attributional styles and depressive and anxious symptoms were analyzed. Results: Two distinct classes were defined using the CASQ-R items in a latent class analysis (LCA). In particular, high levels of depressive (Kruskal–Wallis chi-squared = 9.37, df = 1, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.002) and school phobia (Kruskal–Wallis chi-squared = 7.17 df = 1, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.037) symptoms were reported by children showing an internal, global and stable attributional style for negative events and an external, specific and unstable attributional style for positive events. Conversely, low levels of depressive and school phobia symptoms were reported by children showing the opposite attributional style. Conclusions: The identified classes shed light on distinct patterns associated with depressive and anxious symptoms, offering potential insights for targeted interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

19 pages, 674 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incremental Validity of ADHD Dimensions in the Predictions of Emotional Symptoms, Conduct Problems, and Peer Problems in Adolescents Based on Parent, Teacher, and Self-Ratings

by Rapson Gomez and Taylor Brown

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1115-1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040095 - 10 Dec 2024

Viewed by 909

Abstract

Background: The present study investigated the incremental validity of the ADHD dimensions of inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY), and impulsivity (IM) in the predictions of emotion symptoms (ESs), conduct problems (CPs), and peer problems (PPs) in adolescents based on parent, teacher, and self- ratings. [...] Read more.

Background: The present study investigated the incremental validity of the ADHD dimensions of inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HY), and impulsivity (IM) in the predictions of emotion symptoms (ESs), conduct problems (CPs), and peer problems (PPs) in adolescents based on parent, teacher, and self- ratings. Method: A total of 214 ratings were collected from adolescents, their parents, and teachers in Australia. A structural equation modeling approach was employed to evaluated incremental validity. Results: The findings revealed that, controlling for gender, IM contributed moderate, low, and low levels of variance in predicting ESs based on parent, teacher, and self-ratings, respectively. Additionally, IM contributed moderate, substantial, and moderate levels of variance to CP predictions based on parent, teacher, and self-ratings, respectively. Furthermore, after controlling for gender, IM, and HY, parent-rated IA contributed a low level of variance to the prediction of ESs, while teacher and self-rated IA did not contribute significantly to the prediction of ESs, CPs, or PPs. Conclusions: The findings underscore the differential predictive validity of ADHD dimensions across informants and outcomes, highlighting impulsivity’s stronger association with conduct problems and emotional symptoms. These results have theoretical and practical implications for understanding ADHD-related risks in adolescence and tailoring interventions accordingly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 423 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Re-Evaluation of the Utility of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised for Measuring the Spectra in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

by Rapson Gomez, Daniel Zarate, Taylor Brown and Vasileios Stavropoulos

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1089-1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040093 - 9 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1034

Abstract

The present study examines the potential of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) as a measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTop) model. Two structural models were evaluated. In Model 1, the SCL-90-R dimensions were allocated to somatoform (comprising somatization), internalizing (comprising obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal [...] Read more.

The present study examines the potential of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) as a measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTop) model. Two structural models were evaluated. In Model 1, the SCL-90-R dimensions were allocated to somatoform (comprising somatization), internalizing (comprising obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety), and antagonistic disinhibited (comprising hostility) spectra. Model 2 included an additional detachment spectrum (comprising paranoid ideation and psychoticism). Method: A total of 1594 adolescents [52.2% boys; age ranged from 14 to 17 years; mean age (SD) = 16.04 years (0.737 years)] from the general community in Athens completed the SCL-90-R and the Funf-Faktoren-Fragebogen fur Kinder (FFFK). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the proposed models. Results: The findings supported Model 1, demonstrating adequate global fit, salient and significant factor loadings, discriminant validity, reliability, and external validity of the factors. Conclusions: These results indicate that the SCL-90-R scales of somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety are appropriate measures for the corresponding HiTop dimensions. However, the scales for paranoid ideation and psychoticism were not suitable for this purpose. The theoretical contributions and conclusions are discussed, highlighting the implications of these findings for the clinical and theoretical application of the SCL-90-R in psychopathological assessment and research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Autism Spectrum Disorder Traits Predict Interoceptive Deficits and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa—A Cross-Sectional Analysis: Italian Preliminary Data

by Maria Califano, Jacopo Pruccoli, Melania Martucci, Caterina Visconti, Emma Barasciutti, Carla Sogos and Antonia Parmeggiani

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1077-1088; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040092 - 5 Dec 2024

Viewed by 1115

Abstract

Background: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe Feeding and Eating Disorder (FED) that is more prevalent in females, often manifesting during adolescence. Recent research highlights an elevated presence of comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits among individuals with AN, with specific expressions in [...] Read more.

Background: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe Feeding and Eating Disorder (FED) that is more prevalent in females, often manifesting during adolescence. Recent research highlights an elevated presence of comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits among individuals with AN, with specific expressions in females accounting for sensorial and interoceptive experiences. This study retrospectively explores the association between ASD traits, eating symptomatology, and interoceptive deficits in Italian female adolescents with AN. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of female AN/Atypical AN patients (n = 52) aged 13–17 years was conducted at two university pediatric hospitals in Italy. The participants underwent neuropsychiatric assessments, including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2), and measurement of ASD traits with the Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ), camouflaging ASD traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and FED-symptomatology-related measures. Results: Overall, 9.6% of the participants exhibited an ADOS-2 clinical impression consistent with ASD. Higher scores in AQ and CAT-Q revealed ASD traits and camouflaging strategies. The interoceptive deficits positively correlated with the ASD traits, alexithymia, and camouflage, and TAS—Difficulty Identifying Feelings emerged as the sole predictor for interoceptive deficits. Discussion: This Italian study preliminarily underscores the importance of recognizing ASD traits in the AN population, emphasizing early intervention strategies. The intersection of alexithymia and interoceptive deficits emerges as a crucial nexus between ASD and AN, with potential therapeutic implications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Translation and Validation of the Greek Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Parent Form

by Emilia Vassilopoulou, Anna Comotti, Dafni Athanasaki, Gregorio Paolo Milani, Carlo Agostoni and George N. Konstantinou

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1054-1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040090 - 23 Nov 2024

Viewed by 887

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of food allergy is increasing, posing a significant health concern. Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with food allergies is crucial, and various questionnaires exist for this purpose. However, translation and validation of these tools are necessary to [...] Read more.

Background: The prevalence of food allergy is increasing, posing a significant health concern. Assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with food allergies is crucial, and various questionnaires exist for this purpose. However, translation and validation of these tools are necessary to ensure cultural relevance. This study aimed to translate the FAQLQ-PF into Greek and perform a cross-sectional validation to assess its effectiveness in evaluating HRQOL among Greek children with food allergies. Methods: Parents of children aged 0 to 12 years diagnosed with food allergy completed the Greek version of the FAQLQ-PF, consisting of 30 items across three subscales. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected. Statistical analyses included nonparametric tests, correlation analysis for validity, and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency. Results: Out of 85 participants, 81 were included. The FAQLQ-PF demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.94). Validity evaluation indicated its ability to measure HRQOL in younger children. HRQOL in the Greek pediatric population was significantly correlated with the number of food allergies, symptoms, parental and child concerns, anxiety levels, and activity restrictions. However, sex and general health status were not significantly correlated with HRQOL. Conclusions: The Greek translation and validation of FAQLQ-PF provides insights into HRQOL among Greek children with food allergies. Factors such as anaphylactic reactions, epinephrine autoinjector usage, number of food allergies, and symptoms influenced HRQOL in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trends in Childhood Behavioral, Mental, and Developmental Problems (2019–2022) Using the National Survey of Children’s Health

by Austin Lent, Ayden Dunn, Nada Eldawy, Vama Jhumkhawala, Meera Rao, Joshua Sohmer and Lea Sacca

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 983-1000; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040084 - 11 Nov 2024

Viewed by 2311

Abstract

Background: This study examines nationwide prevalence of US childhood behavioral, mental, and developmental problems in the 6–11 age group category between 2019 and 2022, and several key metrics related to caregiver social determinants of health. Methods: We used NSCH data for 6–11-year-old children [...] Read more.

Background: This study examines nationwide prevalence of US childhood behavioral, mental, and developmental problems in the 6–11 age group category between 2019 and 2022, and several key metrics related to caregiver social determinants of health. Methods: We used NSCH data for 6–11-year-old children for the years 2019–2022. Summary statistics for the selected sample were generated and binary logistic regressions were conducted for each severity level binary variable for each study year with caregiver mental or emotional health as a covariate. Results: Our study found significant associations between severe childhood anxiety and “fair” or “poor” caregiver rankings of mental and emotional health for both the 2020 and 2022 survey years. Our study also found that caregiver mental and emotional health may play a role in childhood ADD and ADHD prevalence rates as caregivers who ranked their mental health as “fair” or “good” had significantly higher odds of having a child with severe ADD or ADHD than caregivers who reported “excellent” mental and emotional health. Conclusion: These findings support prospects of an increase in the need for developmental health services, thus necessitating efforts towards effective allocation and focus of developmental treatment programs tailored to children and pediatric population groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beyond Reading: Psychological and Mental Health Needs in Adolescents with Dyslexia

by Manuel-Ramón Morte-Soriano and Manuel Soriano-Ferrer

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 880-891; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040075 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 2290

Abstract

Background. Overall, children and adolescents diagnosed with dyslexia or ADHD show an increased risk for psychological and mental health problems, and dyslexia and ADHD tend to coexist frequently. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine psychological and mental health problems [...] Read more.

Background. Overall, children and adolescents diagnosed with dyslexia or ADHD show an increased risk for psychological and mental health problems, and dyslexia and ADHD tend to coexist frequently. Thus, the main objective of this study was to examine psychological and mental health problems in dyslexia. Method. Participated 95 adolescents with dyslexia (DG), comorbid dyslexia + attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined subtype (D + ADHD-CG), and a comparison group with typical development (TDCG). Self-reported measures of anxiety and depression, and parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used. Results. Self-reports of internalizing problems showed that adolescents in the GD and D + ADHD-CG groups had more depression and stated anxiety problems with a very high percentage above the clinical cut-off point than the CG. Both the parent and teacher reports showed that the DG and D + ADHD-CG groups obtained higher mean values and a higher number of adolescents above the clinical cut-off of internalizing, externalizing, and total problems than the TDCG. The comorbid D + ADHD-CG group had the highest internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the internalizing and externalizing problems experienced by adolescents with dyslexia and comorbid ADHD should be recognized early and treated promptly by education professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

11 pages, 931 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Italian Families: The Perception of Quality of Life and Screening of Psychological Symptoms

by Roberta Maria Incardona and Marta Tremolada

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 519-529; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16020043 - 20 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1716

Abstract

Throughout the COVID-19 period, families were forced to stay indoors, adapting to online schooling, remote work, and virtual social engagements, inevitably altering the dynamics within households. There was a notable increase in mental health challenges in terms of anxiety and depression in children [...] Read more.

Throughout the COVID-19 period, families were forced to stay indoors, adapting to online schooling, remote work, and virtual social engagements, inevitably altering the dynamics within households. There was a notable increase in mental health challenges in terms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. This study intended to explore the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian families by adopting self- and proxy-report questionnaires on anxiety, anger, and health-related quality of life. The results showed that approximately 20% obtained a clinical anxiety score and only 10% obtained a clinical anger score. There was a difference in the perception of the quality of life reported by the child and that perceived by the parent. A stepwise regression model showed that total anxiety scores were predicted by sex, quality of life scores from the parents’ self-report version, and the total anger score. Another stepwise regression model identified physiological and social anxiety as the best predictors that impact quality of life. Parental well-being actively influences the well-being of children, so it is fundamental to implement preventive programs and promote child well-being by providing parents the most adequate support possible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 3379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Clinical Study on Periodontal Health Status and Early Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases Quantified through Clinical Periodontal Indices on a Group of Children and Adolescents with and without Cardiovascular Diseases

by Oana Chipirliu, Marian Viorel Crăciun and Madalina Nicoleta Matei

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(1), 1-20; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010001 - 26 Dec 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2361

Abstract

It is well known that bacterial plaque is the main etiological factor that causes the appearance of periodontal diseases and carious disease. Periodontal diseases can affect children and adolescents and are manifested in the form of gingivitis, but also the early form of [...] Read more.

It is well known that bacterial plaque is the main etiological factor that causes the appearance of periodontal diseases and carious disease. Periodontal diseases can affect children and adolescents and are manifested in the form of gingivitis, but also the early form of chronic periodontitis as well as aggressive marginal periodontitis associated with local or general factors. Early periodontitis is frequently undiagnosed by clinicians due to a lack of knowledge of the specific symptoms. Certain systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, can create favorable conditions for the appearance and progression of severe manifestations of periodontal disease; also, recent research highlights that individuals with periodontal disease present an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Children with congenital or acquired cardiovascular diseases are at increased risk for complications resulting from the growth of microorganisms in the oral cavity, presenting a risk of infective endocarditis. The specific aim was to highlight the existing differences between the periodontal health of children with cardiovascular diseases and that of children without these diseases. The analyzed group included 124 patients, represented by children and adolescents, aged between 7 and 17 years, who were divided into four subgroups depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular diseases and periodontal disease. A specialized clinical examination was performed for each patient, and periodontal clinical parameters were quantified (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, gingival index, community periodontal index of treatment needs) and associated with the diagnosis of general condition. Patients diagnosed with periodontal disease underwent specialized treatment and were called to a control visit 3 months after treatment. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between subgroups with much higher values of clinical parameters for patients with cardiovascular disease. Also, the response to the treatment was better in the case of patients in the control subgroup without cardiovascular diseases. The present study highlighted the interaction of three factors in the progression of periodontal diseases: subgingival microbiota, immune system response and environmental factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Children’s Difficulties, Parent-Child Sleep, Parental Control, and Children’s Screen Time: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan

by Yusuke Arai, Daimei Sasayama, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Toshinori Nakamura, Yuta Kuraishi and Shinsuke Washizuka

Pediatr. Rep. 2023, 15(4), 668-678; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15040060 - 8 Nov 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3327

Abstract

Children’s screen time may affect their growth and development. However, differences in the impact of various psychiatric and psychological factors on children’s screen time is a research gap. This study aimed to explore the differences in the influence of related factors affecting children’s [...] Read more.

Children’s screen time may affect their growth and development. However, differences in the impact of various psychiatric and psychological factors on children’s screen time is a research gap. This study aimed to explore the differences in the influence of related factors affecting children’s screen time based on their sleep, difficulties, and parental control among Japanese elementary and junior high school students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents in Japan. Data on screen time duration, parent–child background, strengths and difficulties, sleep variables, and parental control types were collected from 225 households. A regression analysis revealed that high Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores (β = 0.166, p = 0.008), sleep duration (β = −0.281, p < 0.001), and parental control (β = −0.204, p = 0.001) were significantly related to children’s screen time. Additionally, it was found that parents’ late bedtimes affect children’s screen time by mediating children’s sleep duration. This study, together with previous research, provides comprehensive insights into design interventions to decrease the screen time of children in the Japanese context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Behavior Therapy for Exclusively Anxious Selective Mutism: A Nonconcurrent Multiple-Baseline Design across Five Participants

by Allison K. Siroky, John S. Carlson and Aimee Kotrba

Pediatr. Rep. 2023, 15(4), 617-635; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric15040057 - 16 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2679

Abstract

Selective mutism (SM) is a rare childhood anxiety disorder which may be markedly detrimental to a child’s academic and social functioning if left untreated. Cognitive–behavioral treatments for social anxiety disorders have been found to be effective for SM, yet a paucity of published [...] Read more.

Selective mutism (SM) is a rare childhood anxiety disorder which may be markedly detrimental to a child’s academic and social functioning if left untreated. Cognitive–behavioral treatments for social anxiety disorders have been found to be effective for SM, yet a paucity of published studies have explored manualized treatment approaches carried out by novice clinicians. The purpose of the present study was to examine the adherence, effectiveness, and acceptability of a condensed, 16-session version of Integrated Behavior Therapy for Selective Mutism (IBTSM; Bergman, 2013), the first manualized treatment for SM. A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline single-case design was used across five children diagnosed with SM, exclusively anxious subtype. IBTSM was implemented with excellent adherence (M = 98%) over an average of 19 weeks (range = 16–22 weeks). Visual analyses of weekly caregiver ratings of social anxiety and speaking behaviors did not demonstrate a replicated intervention effect; however, Tau-U effect sizes and Reliable Change Index (RCI) calculations demonstrated significant individual improvements in social anxiety and speaking behaviors over time on several measures. Three children (60%) no longer met diagnostic criteria for SM following treatment. All caregivers rated IBTSM as acceptable, with specific endorsements of acceptability in the areas of time required and treatment quality. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

22 pages, 1154 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mental Health, Psychological Features and Psychiatric Comorbidity of Adolescents with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review

by Liborija Lugović-Mihić, Dora Bukal, Lorena Dolački, Lucija Zanze, Ema Barac, Renata Tomašević and Maja Vilibić

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020050 - 21 Apr 2025

Viewed by 178

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by significant changes. The quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) can be substantially impacted by the disease. The chronic nature of AD is particularly significant: due to recurring (relapsing) skin [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Adolescence is a sensitive period of development marked by significant changes. The quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with atopic dermatitis (AD) can be substantially impacted by the disease. The chronic nature of AD is particularly significant: due to recurring (relapsing) skin lesions, adolescents are likely exposed to greater stress and depressive symptoms than those experiencing transient or one-time symptoms. Aesthetic and functional AD skin lesions during adolescence lead to reduced happiness, high stress and depression. Methods: In this review, we wanted to present the current knowledge on mental health, psychological features and psychiatric comorbidity of adolescents with AD, based on the previous studies/research on this topic presented in the PubMed database. Results: Previous studies have confirmed that sleep disturbances, behavioral disorders, internalizing profiles, depression and anxiety, stress symptoms and suicidality represent the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities and psychological features in adolescents with AD. According to research data, adolescents with AD also reported a tendency toward feelings of sadness and hopelessness, and even suicidal thoughts and attempts. The relationship between sleep disturbances, psychiatric disorders, and suicidality in adolescents with AD is complex and multifaceted. Conclusions: Adequate social competencies are essential for healthy mental development, as their impairments may be associated with psychological alterations or psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence that potentially persist into adulthood. These findings highlight the need for continuous psychological evaluation and the implementation of intervention programs from an early age. Psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, accompanied by psychopharmaceuticals, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (when indicated), seem to be the most beneficial treatment options in AD patients who have the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities: depression and anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

32 pages, 690 KiB

Open AccessReview

Treatments for Eating Disorders in People with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

by Rachele Simeon, Giovanni Galeoto, Serena Cracolici, Francescaroberta Panuccio and Anna Berardi

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020035 - 12 Mar 2025

Viewed by 784

Abstract

Background: This scoping review aims to synthesize existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for managing food selectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, it explores sensory, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing intervention outcomes and examines the role of occupational therapists (OTs) within [...] Read more.

Background: This scoping review aims to synthesize existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions for managing food selectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Specifically, it explores sensory, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing intervention outcomes and examines the role of occupational therapists (OTs) within multidisciplinary teams. Methods: A search was conducted across MEDLINE, EBSCO, Web of Science, OTseeker, and SCOPUS from August 2023 to October 2023. Only experimental studies published in English were included, focusing on behavioral treatments and/or occupational therapy interventions. Results: A total of 1618 studies were identified. After removing duplicates (170 records), 259 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 61 studies included for qualitative synthesis. Conclusions: The findings highlight a wide range of interventions, yet methodological inconsistencies and small sample sizes limit the strength of the evidence. While occupational therapists play an increasing role in feeding interventions, their specific impact remains underexplored. Future research should focus on larger, well-designed studies with standardized outcome measures to better define the effectiveness of interventions and the role of OTs within multidisciplinary teams. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 438 KiB

Open AccessReview

Why Do They Do It? The Psychology Behind Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents

by Marianna Mazza, Francesco Maria Lisci, Ester Maria Marzo, Valeria De Masi, Francesca Abate and Giuseppe Marano

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17020026 - 25 Feb 2025

Viewed by 2290

Abstract

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a complex and often debilitating condition that can emerge from early behavioral disturbances in childhood and adolescence. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of ASPD in pediatric and adolescent populations, examining key diagnostic [...] Read more.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a complex and often debilitating condition that can emerge from early behavioral disturbances in childhood and adolescence. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of ASPD in pediatric and adolescent populations, examining key diagnostic challenges, developmental trajectories, and emerging treatment approaches. Recent research underscores the critical role of the early identification of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) as precursors to ASPD. Specific attention is given to biological, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors, including genetic predispositions, family dynamics, and socio-economic adversity. Additionally, neuro-psychological research highlights deficits in executive function, emotion regulation, and social cognition, which may underline the persistent antisocial patterns. Neuroimaging studies suggest atypical neural activity in regions associated with empathy, reward processing, and impulse control. Effective intervention remains a challenge, as treatment options are limited and often complicated by co-occurring conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mood disorders. Promising evidence supports the efficacy of integrative, multimodal approaches combining behavioral therapy, family interventions, and pharmacotherapy to reduce symptom severity and improve long-term outcomes. The review concludes by advocating for a public health approach that emphasizes prevention and early intervention, aiming to mitigate the progression to full ASPD in adulthood. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

16 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessReview

Clinical and Public Health Challenge of Handling Synthetic Cathinone and Cannabinoid Abuse in Pediatric Care: A Narrative Review

by Valerio Ricci and Giuseppe Maina

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010019 - 8 Feb 2025

Viewed by 720

Abstract

Background: Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids have emerged as significant public health concerns, particularly in pediatric populations. Marketed under deceptive names such as “bath salts” and “K2/Spice”, these substances pose unique challenges due to their accessibility, potency, and unpredictable effects. This narrative review synthesizes [...] Read more.

Background: Synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids have emerged as significant public health concerns, particularly in pediatric populations. Marketed under deceptive names such as “bath salts” and “K2/Spice”, these substances pose unique challenges due to their accessibility, potency, and unpredictable effects. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the toxicological effects of synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids in pediatric patients, emphasizing clinical presentations, management challenges, and public health implications. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published between January 2010 and September 2024. The selected articles focus on neuropsychiatric, systemic, and management outcomes associated with these substances in individuals aged 0–18 years. Results: Five studies demonstrate that synthetic cathinones frequently cause seizures, sympathomimetic toxidrome (tachycardia, hypertension), and neuropsychiatric effects like paranoia and catatonia. Seven studies show synthetic cannabinoids induce psychosis, respiratory depression requiring ventilation in 12% of cases, and cardiovascular complications like myocardial ischemia. One study highlighted severe outcomes in pediatric accidental exposures, emphasizing the unpredictable and life-threatening effects of these substances, often exacerbated by co-ingestion with alcohol or THC. Conclusions: Pediatric exposure to synthetic cathinones and cannabinoids results in severe and unpredictable toxicological effects, necessitating tailored clinical management strategies and enhanced diagnostic capabilities. Public health measures, including stringent regulatory controls, targeted education initiatives, and robust surveillance systems, are critical to mitigating these risks. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to safeguard vulnerable pediatric populations from the escalating dangers posed by synthetic drugs, and future research must address the long-term impacts and mechanisms of toxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

8 pages, 814 KiB

Open AccessReview

Paliperidone-Induced Massive Asymptomatic Creatine Kinase Elevation in Youth: From a Case Report to Literature Review

by Aurora Grandioso, Paola Tirelli, Gianmario Forcina, Vittoria Frattolillo, Delia De Biasio, Francesco Giustino Cesaro, Pierluigi Marzuillo, Emanuele Miraglia del Giudice and Anna Di Sessa

Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17010018 - 7 Feb 2025

Viewed by 820

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Unlike rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), massive asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation (MACKE) represents a condition commonly detected during routine screening in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs. In particular, current evidence indicates a greater incidence of this condition in patients without signs of [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: Unlike rhabdomyolysis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), massive asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation (MACKE) represents a condition commonly detected during routine screening in patients receiving antipsychotic drugs. In particular, current evidence indicates a greater incidence of this condition in patients without signs of NMS, rhabdomyolysis, or other causes of CK increase during exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) with a variable onset and duration. Although its pathophysiology is still not fully elucidated, MACKE has usually been recognized as a self-limiting condition, but drug discontinuation might also be required to successfully revert it. Overall, knowledge in this field is mainly extrapolated from adult data, while similar evidence in youths is still limited. As clinicians might often deal with MACKE, its understanding needs to be expanded to avoid misdiagnosis, potentially leading to wasteful healthcare spending and unfavorable patient outcomes. Methods: By reporting the first case of MACKE in an adolescent receiving an SGA, namely paliperidone, we also aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of this medical condition. Conclusions: Making a MACKE diagnosis is essential since its relevant clinical and economic implications are mainly related to unnecessary closer laboratory monitoring or therapeutic changes (e.g., drug discontinuation or switch to another medication). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1051 KiB

Open AccessReview

Prenatal Tobacco Exposure and Behavioral Disorders in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Stephanie Godleski, Shannon Shisler, Kassidy Colton and Meghan Leising

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(3), 736-752; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16030062 - 31 Aug 2024

Viewed by 2072

Abstract

Prenatal tobacco exposure has been implicated in increased risk of the development of behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to systematically examine the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and diagnoses of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant [...] Read more.

Prenatal tobacco exposure has been implicated in increased risk of the development of behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The purpose of the current study was to systematically examine the association between prenatal tobacco exposure and diagnoses of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder in childhood and adolescence. We searched Medline, Psychinfo, ERIC, Proquest, Academic Search Complete, PsychArticles, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, and Google Scholar databases through October 2022. The authors screened studies and extracted data independently in duplicate. Ten clinical studies examining diagnoses of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder between the ages of 4 and 18 years old were included. There was insufficient evidence to synthesize outcomes related to Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The meta-analysis found a significant effect of prenatal tobacco exposure in increasing the likelihood of an Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis in childhood and adolescence. Implications for future research are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 661 KiB

Open AccessReview

Understanding the Neuropsychological Implications of Klinefelter Syndrome in Pediatric Populations: Current Perspectives

by Panagiota Tragantzopoulou and Vaitsa Giannouli

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(2), 420-431; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16020036 - 25 May 2024

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3192

Abstract

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome. Despite the prevalence of verbal learning disabilities, memory impairments, and executive function deficits in individuals with KS, comprehensive research on the neuropsychological profiles [...] Read more.

Klinefelter syndrome (KS), also known as 47,XXY, is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome. Despite the prevalence of verbal learning disabilities, memory impairments, and executive function deficits in individuals with KS, comprehensive research on the neuropsychological profiles of affected children and adolescents remains limited. Additionally, KS has been associated with comorbid conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, systematic investigations into the neuropsychological manifestations of KS in pediatric populations are scarce. Therefore, the primary objectives of this review are to provide an overview of key studies examining the neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with KS and to delineate the limitations and implications of existing research findings. By synthesizing available literature, this review aims to bridge the gap in understanding the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of children and adolescents with KS, shedding light on potential avenues for future research and clinical interventions. Ultimately, this review serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, policymakers, parents, and educators involved in the assessment and management of the neuropsychological aspects of Klinefelter syndrome in pediatric populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

12 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Social Media Use and Fear of Missing out: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study in Junior High Students from Western Mexico

by Manuel Maciel-Saldierna, Ignacio Roberto Méndez-Garavito, Emmanuel Elizondo-Hernandez, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco, Alejandro González-Ojeda, Sol Ramírez-Ochoa, Enrique Cervantes-Pérez, Berenice Vicente-Hernández, Sergio Jiram Vázquez-Sánchez, Jonathan Matías Chejfec-Ciociano and Gabino Cervantes-Guevara

Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16(4), 1022-1033; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16040087 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 2409

Abstract

Background/Objectives: The increased use of social media in Mexico has given rise to the “fear of missing out” (FoMO) phenomenon, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to measure the extent of FoMO among junior high school students in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, [...] Read more.

Background/Objectives: The increased use of social media in Mexico has given rise to the “fear of missing out” (FoMO) phenomenon, especially among adolescents. This study aimed to measure the extent of FoMO among junior high school students in the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study explored the association between FoMO levels and demographic characteristics, as well as the type and frequency of social media use. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 in four junior high schools. A total of 1264 students (656 females and 608 males) aged 11–16 years completed the Fear of Missing Out Scale, adapted to the Mexican context. Data on demographics, social media usage, and school shifts were collected. Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients. Results: The mean FoMO score was 1.79 ± 0.64, with higher scores observed in females (p < 0.001) and students attending morning shifts (p = 0.001). Significant associations were found between higher FoMO scores and the use of social media platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and Pinterest (p < 0.001 for each). The most frequently used social media platforms were WhatsApp (1093), TikTok (828), and Instagram (583). Participants who used social media all week exhibited significantly higher FoMO scores than those who used it only on weekends (p < 0.001). Conclusions: FoMO is a significant phenomenon among junior high school students in Guadalajara, Mexico, particularly among females and those who use multiple social media platforms. The findings suggest a need for interventions to manage social media use and mitigate FoMO-related negative health outcomes in this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents)

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (35 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI