Since Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in stream modes, such as counter (CTR), output feedback (OFB) and cipher feedback (CFB), can meet most industrial requirements, the range of applications for dedicated stream ciphers is decreasing. There are m...
This paper presents a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) with a low-complexity circuit structure that combines multiple delay circuits to achieve a high timing resolution and wide output frequency range simultaneously while also significantly redu...
This paper presents a regulated pulse current driver with a spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) to lower the electromagnetic interference (EMI) effect. An SSCG is used and implemented by applying a triangular wave to modulate a voltage-controlled...
The circadian clock generates 24 h rhythms in behavioural, cellular and molecular processes. Malfunctions of the clock are associated with enhanced susceptibility to cancer, worse treatment response and poor prognosis. Clock-controlled genes are invo...
This paper analyzes the performance requirements that need to be met by a clock generator applied to a low-temperature quantum computer and analyzes the negative effects on the clock generator circuit under low-temperature conditions. In order to mee...
Proper timing synchronization is important when data from sensors are acquired by different devices. This paper proposes a simple but effective solution for System on Chip (SoC) architectures that integrates a general-purpose Field Programmable Gate...
This paper describes an all-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit for implementing edge processing with a wireless body area network (WBAN). The CDR circuit performs delay-locked loop (DLL)-based and phase-locked loop (PLL)-based operations d...
Clocks are widely used in multimedia and electronic devices, and they usually have different frequency demands. This paper presents the design of a multi-output clock generator using an analog integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) and open-loop fractiona...
The diurnal peak of phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) is under circadian control and believed that this process involves interactions from the retina and RPE. Previous studies have demonstrated...
An autonomous remote clock control system is proposed to provide time synchronization and frequency syntonization for satellite to satellite or ground to satellite time transfer, with the system comprising on-board voltage controlled oven controlled...
Blue light, a key abiotic signal, regulates a wide variety of physiological processes in many organisms. One of these phenomena is the circadian rhythm presents in organisms sensitive to the phase-setting effects of blue light and under control of t...
Rubidium fountain clocks are operated by a control system. In this study, first, the control requirements of a rubidium fountain clock are analyzed; then, a control system is designed and divided into a timing sequence control system, a data acquisit...
Time crystal was conceived in the 1970s as an autonomous engine made of only clocks to explain the life-like features of a virus. Later, time crystal was extended to living cells like neurons. The brain controls most biological clocks that regenerate...
Optical lattice clocks combine the accuracy and stability required for next-generation frequency standards. At the heart of these clocks are carefully engineered optical lattices tuned to a wavelength where the differential AC Stark shift between gro...
Despite the importance of circadian rhythms in insect behavior, our understanding of circadian activity and the molecular oscillatory mechanism in parasitoid wasp circadian clocks is limited. In this study, behavioral activities expected to be under...
Like other biological functions, food intake and energy metabolism display daily rhythms controlled by the circadian timing system that comprises a main circadian clock and numerous secondary clocks in the brain and peripheral tissues. Each secondary...
The rotation of the Earth entails changes in environmental conditions that pervasively influence an organism’s physiology and metabolism. An internal cellular mechanism known as the circadian clock acts as an internal timekeeper that is able to...
Circadian clocks drive a large array of physiological and behavioral activities. At the molecular level, circadian clocks are composed of positive and negative elements that form core oscillators generating the basic circadian rhythms. Over the cours...
Clock synchronization is one of the popular research topics in Distributed Measurement and Control Systems (DMCSs). In most industrial fields, such as Smart Grid and Flight Test, the highest requirement for synchronization accuracy is 1 μs. IEEE 1...
A recent epigenetic measure of aging has developed based on human cortex tissue. This cortical clock (CC) dramatically outperformed extant blood-based epigenetic clocks in predicting brain age and neurological degeneration. Unfortunately, measures th...
Terrestrial and satellite communications, tactical data links, positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), as well as distributed sensing will continue to require precise timing and the ability to synchronize and disseminate time effectively. However,...
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a low-power, non-von-Neumann, general-purpose paradigm for classical computing using transistor-free logic. Here, classical bits are encoded on the charge configuration of individual computing primitives known a...
Deterministic Ethernet (DetEth) is widely used in real-time distributed systems, such as avionics and in-vehicle control. Clock synchronization protocols (CSPs) establish global time, which is a critical foundation for deterministic communication in...
The high precision and low power consumption of the clock generator are critical in passive RFID transponders and passive IoT chips, but fluctuations in PVT can cause considerable degradation in the precision of the chip’s internal clocks. This...
A 100 Gb/s quad-lane SerDes receiver with a phase-interpolator (PI)-based quarter-rate all-digital clock and data recovery (CDR) is presented. The proposed CDR utilizes a multi-phase multiplying delay-locked loop (MDLL) to generate the eight-phase re...
The CRISPR/Cas9 site-directed gene-editing system offers great advantages for identifying gene function and crop improvement. The circadian clock measures and conveys day length information to control rhythmic hypocotyl growth in photoperiodic condit...
An image processing pipeline and multi-output shift register of a foveation-based driving scheme are proposed for the realization of immersive head-mounted displays in 2019. In addition, this paper describes a variable clock generation circuit to man...
As one of the most precise timekeeping instruments ever developed, the optical clock will be used as the measuring equipment for the next generation of second definition. The demand for the miniaturization of optical clocks is progressively urgent. I...
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and associated with the disruption of circadian rhythm. The study aimed to assess the relationship between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) subunits, circadian clock proteins, and p...
This paper presents an ultrasound transceiver application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) directly integrated with an array of 12 × 80 piezoelectric transducer elements to enable next-generation ultrasound probes for 3D carotid artery imagin...
Zebrafish represent the one alternative vertebrate, genetic model system to mice that can be easily manipulated in a laboratory setting. With the teleost Medaka (Oryzias latipes), which now has a significant following, and over 30,000 other fish spec...
The Chinese Area Positioning System (CAPS) is a new positioning system developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences based on the communication satellites in geosynchronous orbit. The CAPS has been regarded as a pilot system to test the new technology...
This paper presents a design of a 48 GHz CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) for 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. For the sliding intermediate frequency (sliding-IF) transceiver applications, a fundamental frequency PLL with quadrature...
This paper presents a switched inductor (SI) DC–DC boost regulator designed for thermoelectric generator (TEG) applications. To boost and regulate the output voltage, two feedback loops are implemented which control the duty cycle of the SI clo...
This paper presents a nine-bit integrator-based time-to-digital converter (I-TDC) realized in a 180 nm CMOS technology for the applications of indoor home-monitoring light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The proposed I-TDC exploits a clock-fre...
Circadian rhythms, characterized by approximately 24 h cycles, play a pivotal role in enabling various organisms to synchronize their biological activities with daily variations. While ubiquitous in Eukaryotes, circadian clocks remain exclusively cha...
The time of a satellite navigation system is primarily generated by the main control station of the ground system. Consequently, when ground stations fail, there is a risk to the continuous provision of time services to the equipment and users. Furth...
Modern automotive control applications require a holistic time-sensitive development. Nowadays, this is achieved by technologies specifically designed for the automotive domain, like FlexRay, which offer a fault-tolerant time synchronization mechanis...
Controlling the microstructure homogeneity is crucial in achieving high quality tantalum (Ta) sputtering targets used in integrated circuit fabrication. Unluckily, traditional rolling easily generates a microstructure gradient along the thickness dir...
The relationship between sleep and epilepsy involves complex interactions between thalamocortical circuits, circadian mechanisms, and sleep architecture that fundamentally influence seizure susceptibility and cognitive outcomes. Epileptic activity di...
This paper proposes a low-noise interface application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) which operates in force-to-rebalance (FTR) mode. The ASIC employs an analog closed-loo...
Polyamines stimulate the synthesis of specific proteins at the level of translation, and the genes encoding these proteins are termed as the “polyamine modulon”. The circadian clock generates daily rhythms in mammalian physiology and behavior. We inv...
A double-edge-triggered digital low dropout regulator (DLDO) is proposed with a built-in adaptive voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) clock (AVC) for a system-on-chip (SoC) application. To achieve a fast transient response, the main comparator genera...
Rodent models have been widely used as analogs for estimating spaceflight-relevant molecular mechanisms in human tissues. NASA GeneLab provides access to numerous spaceflight omics datasets that can potentially generate novel insights and hypotheses...
Internal reliability and external safety of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) data transmission have become increasingly outstanding issues with the wide applications of WSN. This paper proposes a new method for access control and mitigation of interfer...
A new method of macroevolutionary analysis—high-resolution phylogenetics, integrating both morphological and molecular traits—has revealed well-supported evidence of complexity-based processes generating and controlling biodiversity. A no...
High-harmonic generation spectroscopy is a powerful tool for ultrafast spectroscopy with intrinsic attosecond time resolution. Its major limitation—the fact that a strong infrared driving pulse is governing the entire generation process—i...
This paper presents a high-speed and low-area accelerator architecture for shared key generation using an elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman protocol over GF(2233). Concerning the high speed, the proposed architecture employs a two-stage pipelining and a...
Precise time interval generation is a cornerstone of modern measurement, automation, and distributed control systems, particularly within Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a low-...
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can be utilized for long-distance and high-precision time transmission. With the ongoing development of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and the rapidly changing geometric relationships between them, the...
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