In the evolution of the complement system, a major humoral innate immune factor, the existence of multiple isotypes of the complement components is considered as a key strategy to enhance innate immune defense. Complement C4 is also diversified in a...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in children and adolescents. It comprises several clinical entities associated with mutations in genes, encoding enzymes involved in cortisol biosynthesis....
Hemostasis is a process causing bleeding to stop, and it is known from the literature that hemostasis can be enhanced using chitosan on wound gauzes. We proposed here a continuous flow-through device, with the test blood flowing through the gauze sam...
The initiating protease of the complement classical pathway, C1r, represents an upstream and pathway-specific intervention point for complement-related autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Yet, C1r-targeted therapeutic development is currently under...
Many biological properties of algae have been found to have useful applications in human health, particularly in the fields of oncology and immunology. Floridoside, extracted from the red alga Mastocarpus stellatus, has a structure similar to the xen...
Keloid is a benign skin disease with excessive growth of fibroblasts, characterized by too much abnormal extracellular matrix deposited in the dermis. It is generally believed that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the core cytokine t...
The PE/PPE protein family commonly exists in pathogenic species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting a role in virulence and its maintenance. However, the exact role of most PE/PPE proteins in host–pathogen interactions remains unkno...
Considering the fact that many retinal diseases are yet to be cured, the pathomechanisms of these multifactorial diseases need to be investigated in more detail. Among others, oxidative stress and hypoxia are pathomechanisms that take place in retina...
Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which poses a threat to swine production. The activation of host innate immunity through linker proteins such as tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R)-associated factor...
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an acute and often fatal disease caused by CSF virus (CSFV) infection. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pigs infected with CSFV. The res...
Circulating immune complexes (CICs) are frequently detected in the sera of patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)–antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (MPO-AAGN) and their role in activating the classical comple...
Increased levels of circulating complement activation products have been reported in COVID-19 patients, but only limited information is available on complement involvement at the tissue level. The mechanisms and pathways of local complement activatio...
The cause of nephrotic–nephritic syndrome and elevated blood pressure values was investigated by renal biopsy in a 72-year-old Caucasian male with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and a low level of IgG/lambda paraprotein. Double-con...
Alzheimer’s disease has become a major public health issue. While extensive research has been conducted in the last few decades, few drugs have been approved by the FDA to treat Alzheimer’s disease. There is still an urgent need for under...
The increasing deployment of photovoltaic and energy storage systems (ESSs) in modern power grids has highlighted the critical challenge of component degradation, which significantly impacts system efficiency, operational costs, and long-term reliabi...
CHIR99021 is an aminopyrimidine derivative, which can efficiently inhibit the activity of glycogen synthesis kinase 3α (GSK-3α) and GSK-3β. As an essential component of stem cell culture medium, it plays an important role in maintain...
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most lethal types of DNA damage due to the fact that unrepaired or mis-repaired DSBs lead to genomic instability or chromosomal aberrations, thereby causing cell death or tumorigenesis. The classical non...
The peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) represent about 70% of the human prostate gland with each zone having differential ability to develop prostate cancer. Androgens and their receptor are the primary driving cause of prostate cancer gro...
Although only 0.8–1% of SARS-CoV-2 infections are in the 0–9 age-group, pneumonia is still the leading cause of infant mortality globally. Antibodies specifically directed against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) are produced during severe CO...
Acetylation of nuclear apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is associated with its extracellular secretion, despite the lack of an N-terminal protein secretion signal. In this study, we investigated plasma membrane targeti...
Autoantibodies against the complement component C1q (anti-C1q) are among the main biomarkers in lupus nephritis (LN) known to contribute to renal injury. C1q, the recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway, forms a heterotetrameric...
Green Chemistry has become in the last two decades an increasing part of research interest. Nonconventional «green» sources for chemical reactions include micro-wave, mechanical mixing, visible light and ultrasound. 1,2,3-triazoles have important app...
The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a severe respiratory pathogen. C1q is the first subcomponent of the complement system’s classical pathway. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of these chains contains a collagen-like region located at...
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a disease that causes thrombocytopenia and a risk of bleeding in the (unborn) child that result from maternal alloantibodies directed against fetal, paternally inherited, human platelet antige...
Background. The complement C1r and C1s proteases initiate the classical complement pathway within the C1 complex, but emerging evidence points to additional roles in tissues, including cell-intrinsic functions linked to cancer and connective tissue d...
The recombinant bacterial surface layer (S-layer) protein rSbpA of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 is an ideal model system to study non-classical nucleation and growth of protein crystals at surfaces since the recrystallization process may be sep...
Background: Adipose tissue is increasingly recognized as a highly dynamic endocrine and immunometabolic organ with marked functional heterogeneity. It serves as a reservoir for the active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or calcitr...
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multipotent cytokine. IL-6 plays a dual role in inflammation through both classical signaling (IL-6 binds membrane IL-6 receptor/IL-6R) and trans-signaling (IL-6 binds soluble IL-6R). However, the regulation of IL-6 activity...
The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is essential for controlling blood pressure and maintaining fluid balance, driving significant structural changes throughout the cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels....
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex homeostatic entity with multiorgan systemic and local effects. Traditionally, RAS works in conjunction with the kidney to control effective arterial circulation, systemic vascular resistance, and...
The complement system is involved in promoting secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the roles of the classical and lectin pathways leading to complement activation need to be clarified. To this end, we aimed to determine the abili...
The morphology and porosity of zeolites have an important effect on adsorption and catalytic performance. In the work, simple inorganic salts, i.e., Na salts were used to synthesize MWW zeolite using the organic compound 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imida...
Primary hypertension (PH) is the leading form of arterial hypertension (AH) in adolescents. Hypertension is most common in obese patients, where 20 to 40% of the population has elevated blood pressure. One of the most effective mechanisms for regulat...
In recent years, the first-line available therapeutic options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) have radically changed with the introduction into clinical practice of new immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations. Many efforts are...
The complement system is a key component of the innate immune response to viruses and proinflammatory events. Exaggerated complement activation has been attributed to the induction of a cytokine storm in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is...
Antibodies capable of activating the complement system (CS) when bound with antigen are referred to as “complement-fixing antibodies” and are involved in protection against Flaviviruses. A complement-fixing antibody test has been used in the past to...
13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide (13-AC), a marine cytotoxic product isolated from the alcyonacean coral Lobophytum crassum, exhibited potent antitumor and immunostimulant effects as reported in previous studies. However, the 13-AC antitumor mechanism of ac...
In classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the tumour microenvironment (TME) is of major pathological relevance. The paucity of neoplastic cells makes it important to study the entire TME when searching for prognostic biomarkers. Cure rates in cHL have impro...
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a bioactive lipid that modulates macrophage polarization during immune responses, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing protein 7 (PNPLA7) is a lysophospholipase with a pref...
26 September 2022
Although productive progress has been made in colorectal cancer (CRC) researchs, CRC is the second most frequent type of malignancy and the major cause of cancer-related death among gastrointestinal cancers. As angiogenesis constitutes an important p...
Aim: Disturbances in exhausted and classical memory B cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), but the genetic regulation of their homeostasis remains poorly understood. Methods: W...
The complement (C) system is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is a lack of studies characterizing all three C pathways in RA patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between an in-depth exa...
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid (EC), acting as a full agonist at both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. It is synthesized on demand in postsynaptic membranes through the sequential action of phosphoinositide-speci...
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that control cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as genes that respond to inflammation and immune responses. There are two means of NF-&k...
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) constitutes a B-cell neoplasm derived from germinal center lymphocytes. Despite high cure rates (80–90%) obtained with the current multiagent protocols, a significant proportion of cHL patients experience recurren...
The progesterone hormone regulates the human menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and parturition by its action via the different progesterone receptors and signaling pathways in the female reproductive tract. Progesterone actions can be exerted through class...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), characterized by significant morbidity and mortality rates, poses a substantial threat to human health. The expression of ligands and receptors within the classical and non-classical Wnt signaling pathways plays an imp...
Individual gene expression and molecular pathway activation profiles were shown to be effective biomarkers in many cancers. Here, we used the human interactome model to algorithmically build 7470 molecular pathways centered around individual gene pro...
Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), a facial pain disorder classically characterized by recurrent brief electric-shock-like paroxysms in one or more trigeminal divisions, frequently traverses dental pathways before specialist evaluation. Conversel...
Fermentation remains central to food manufacturing and to the bio-based production of organic acids, solvents, and functional metabolites. This review integrates the biochemical pathways, key microorganisms, and application space of five major indust...
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