Vehicles travelling underwater experience drag and the frictional drag costs 60% of the total energy consumption. Using trapped air serving as a lubricant is a promising way to reduce drag. The trapped air plays a significant role in drag reduction,...
Urban heat island effects, which are the phenomenon wherein higher ambient air temperatures are measured in cities than in rural areas, have worsened urban thermal environments over the past decades. This study aims to analyze the effects of urban ph...
Salvinia leaves represent an extraordinary example of how nature found a strategy for the long term retainment of air, and thus oxygen, on a surface, the so-called ‘Salvinia effect’, thanks to the peculiar three-dimensional and hierarchical shape of...
Black silicon, which is an attractive material due to its optical properties, is prepared mainly by laser inducing in an SF6 atmosphere. Considering the effect of SF6 gas on the environment and human health, here we propose an efficient, economical,...
To determine the effect of nanoclays and trapped air on the formation of rigid polyurethane foams, three different production procedures were used. To study the influence of mixing at atmospheric pressure, two approaches were carried out employing ei...
Effective pest population monitoring is crucial in precision agriculture, which integrates various technologies and data analysis techniques for enhanced decision-making. This study introduces a novel approach for monitoring lures in traps targeting...
Hydrocarbon traps in the air intake system (AIS) are a common method for controlling evaporative emissions from the air intake path. Several different systems are available, but there is no standard method for determining their efficiencies. Therefor...
Air, a widely recognized dielectric material, is employed as a dielectric layer in this study. We present a triboelectric sensor with a laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode and an air-trapped pad using silicone rubber (SR). A very thin device with...
Starting up water installations is typically a task that falls within the purview of water utility companies. These operations involve the presence of two separate fluids (water and air) that can be analyzed in terms of consideration two distinct beh...
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be increased by incorporating it into a composite with an electron-trapping co-catalyst. MXene can perform this task as an electron-conducting material. In addition to trapping electrons, it also affects the de...
In hydraulic engineering, some researchers have developed different mathematical and numerical tools for a better understanding of the physical interaction between water flow in pipes with trapped air during emptying processes, where they have made c...
Pressure is one basic parameter involved in microfluidic systems. In this study, we developed an easy capillary-based method for measuring fluid pressure at one or multiple locations in a microchannel. The principal component is a commonly used capil...
Combustion efficiency and flame stabilization are two main parameters in combustor design according to current environmental policies imposed on the commercial aviation industry. An alternative for flame stabilization and high efficiency in the combu...
Entrapped air in porous media can significantly affect water flow but simulations of air entrapment are still challenging. We developed a pore-network model using quasi-static algorithms to simulate air entrapment during spontaneous wetting and subse...
Air exchange in pressurized water pipelines is an essential but complex aspect of pipeline modeling and operation. Implementing effective air management strategies can yield numerous benefits, enhancing the system’s energy efficiency, reliabili...
The airborne inoculum of Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O’Donnell, the fungal pathogen causing Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), is one of the main means of spread of the disease in forest stands and forest nurseries. Since this world-wide known pathogen...
House flies are the most prevalent synanthropic pest worldwide. Although they seldom reproduce in homes, they invade buildings, cause annoyance, and carry pathogens. Urban pest management personnel are limited in their ability to locate and manage la...
Williams–Beuren syndrome (WS) results from the deletion of 25–27 coding genes, including elastin (ELN), on human chromosome 7q11.23. Elastin provides recoil to tissues; emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been linked...
Background: Previous studies found high but very variable levels of tetranor-PGEM and PGDM (urine metabolites of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGD2, respectively) in persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). This study aims to assess the role of cyclooxygenas...
1 September 2023
Urban traffic officers in many low- and middle-income countries are exposed to high levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) while working vehicle control on heavily congested streets. The impact of chronic TRAP exposure on the cardiovascular...
Reducing the health hazards caused by air pollution is a global challenge and is included in the Sustainable Development Goals. Air pollutants, such as PM2.5, induce respiratory and cardiovascular disorders by causing various inflammatory responses v...
Objective: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common pediatric emergency, and bronchoscopy remains the diagnostic and therapeutic gold standard despite its invasive nature and associated procedural risks. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and...
A micro needle trap sampler (NTS) was carried by a mini quadrotor drone (Mavic Pro, DJI) to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industries. The NTS was fabricated using a 7 cm long, 22-gauge stainless steel needle by packing powdered divin...
Spirometry is the gold standard to detect airflow limitation, but it does not measure airway resistance, which is one of the physiological factors behind airflow limitation. In this study, we describe the dynamics of forced expiration in spirometry u...
In contrast to studies of adults with emphysema, application of fixed thresholds to determine low- and high-attenuation areas (air-trapping and parenchymal lung disease) in pediatric quantitative chest CT is problematic. We aimed to assess age effect...
In this study, we demonstrate a compact actuation mechanism of a silicon capillary stop microvalve, based on electrothermal expansion of a trapped air bubble in a chamber. The bubble is heated using an integrated aluminum microheater deposited on the...
Airborne pollen surveys provide information on various aspects of biodiversity and human health monitoring. Such surveys are typically conducted using the Burkard Multi-Vial Cyclone Sampler, but have to be technically optimized for eDNA barcoding. We...
In response to the extensive damage of coastal bridges sustained in recent tsunamis, this paper describes an investigation into tsunami-induced effects on two common bridge types, an open-girder deck with cross-frames and one with solid diaphragms. T...
The relationship between entrapped air content and the corresponding hydraulic conductivity was investigated experimentally for two coarse sands. Two packed samples of 5 cm height were prepared for each sand. Air entrapment was created by repeated in...
A storage tunnel system is the critical infrastructure of urban drainage systems, in which the rapid filling of water and release of trapped air can lead to the “geyser” phenomenon. This may cause serious damage, threatening both system o...
Characterization, identification, and detection of aerosol particles in their native atmospheric states remain a challenge. Recently, optical trapping-Raman spectroscopy (OT-RS) has been developed and demonstrated for characterization of single, airb...
28 July 2021
This study aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and histone H3 modification among school children in high-traffic (HT) and low-traffic (LT) areas in Malaysia. Respondents’ background information a...
Grass pollen allergy is widespread all around the globe. With an increasing number of people living in cities, the examination of grass pollen levels within cities and their surroundings has increased in importance. The aim of this study was to exami...
Air pockets generated during emptying operations in pressurized hydraulic systems cause significant pressure drops inside pipes. To avoid these sudden pressure changes, one of the most widely used methods involves the installation of air valves along...
Exposure to traffic-related air pollution is not merely linked to respiratory health issues but also poses significant risks to cardiovascular well-being. Individuals from lower-income communities residing in high-pollution zones are particularly vul...
Physiological dead space volume (VD) and dynamic hyperinflation (DH) are two different types of abnormal pulmonary physiology. Although they both involve lung volume, their combination has never been advocated, and thus their effect and implication a...
To exploit the ability of vegetation to capture particulate matter (dust) from the air and improve air quality, 546 clean air zones (CAZs) consisting of various types of urban green space have been established in Taiwan. This study systematically ass...
Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the mainstay therapy for asthmatics. A subset of severe asthmatics fails to respond to steroid-based therapies, leading to important healthcare costs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of glucocorticoi...
Burning incense indoors is a common behavior in Southeast Asia. In this investigation, needle trap samplers (NTS), a novel, green analytical technology is used for sampling gaseous combustion by-products from sandalwood incense coils. To extract indo...
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel vehicles are a serious environmental concern. Prior to the introduction of on-road tests at type approval, vehicle on-road NOx emissions were found many times higher than the applicable limits. Retrofitting...
23 May 2020
Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µg, PM2.5 was regularly sampled in classrooms (indoor) and playgrounds (outdoor) of primary schools from Barcelona. Three of these schools were located downtown and three...
Almost all systems generate acoustic signals when operating or when a process is being performed. These signals contain certain data related to the operating performance of systems. In this study, acoustic data were used to study the performance and...
Inhalation of particulate matter in polluted air causes direct, size-restricted passage in the circulation and pronounced lung inflammation, provoking platelet activation and (non)-fatal cardiovascular complications. To determine potency and mechanis...
Gallium-based liquid metal can be used as a material for microheaters because it can be easily filled into microchannels and electrified to generate Joule heat, but the liquid metal-based microheater will suffer breakage induced by voids forming with...
Emptying processes are operations frequently required in hydraulic installations by water utilities. These processes can result in drops to sub-atmospheric pressure pulses, which may lead to pipeline collapse depending on soil characteristics and the...
Where and at what altitudes electromagnetic wave ducts within the atmosphere are likely to occur is important for a variety of communication and military applications. We examined the modified refractivity profiles and wave duct characteristics deriv...
28 January 2022
In cold temperatures, vehicles idle more, have high cold-start emissions including greenhouse gases, and have less effective exhaust filtration systems, which can cause up to ten-fold more harmful vehicular emissions. Only a few vehicle technologies...
Air pollutants from traffic make an important contribution to human exposure, with pedestrians likely to experience rapid fluctuation and high concentrations on the pavements of busy streets. This monitoring campaign was on Hennessy Road in Hong Kong...
Background/Objectives: Mask-wearing-induced discomfort often leads to unconscious loosening of the mask to relieve the discomfort, thereby compromising protective efficacy. This study investigated how leakage flows affect mask-associated thermoregula...
Background and objective: Hypoxemia and respiratory failure (RF) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with exacerbations, comorbidities and increased mortality. However, the prevalence of hypoxemia and RF in stable COPD is u...
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