Landsat 9 enhances the radiation resolution of the operational land imager from the 12 bits of Landsat 8 to 14 bits. The higher radiation resolution improves the sensitivity of the sensor to detect many subtler differences, especially in the case of...
During the early post-launch phase of the Landsat 9 mission, the Landsat 8 and 9 mission teams conducted a successful under-fly of Landsat 8 by Landsat 9, allowing for the near-simultaneous data collection of common Earth targets by the on-board sens...
The Landsat program has a long history of providing remotely sensed data to the user community. This history is being extended with the addition of the Landsat 9 satellite, which closely mimics the Landsat 8 satellite and its instruments. These satel...
In recent years, Geoscience Australia has undertaken a successful continental-scale validation program, targeting Landsat and Sentinel analysis-ready data surface reflectance products. The field validation model used for this program was successfully...
Landsat 9 (L9) was launched on 27 September 2021. This spacecraft contained two instruments, the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) and Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 (TIRS-2), that allow for a continuation of the Landsat program and the mission to acquire...
This paper presents the initial vicarious radiometric calibration results for Landsat 9 OLI using a combination of ground-based techniques and test sites located in Nevada, California, and South Dakota, USA. The field data collection methods include...
Combining images from multiple Earth Observing (EO) satellites increases the temporal resolution of the data, overcoming the limitations imposed by low revisit time and cloud coverage. However, this requires an intercalibration process to ensure that...
Accurate estimation of forest above-ground biomass (AGB) is critical for assessing forest quality and carbon stocks, which can improve understanding of the vegetation growth processes and the global carbon cycle. Landsat 9, the latest launched Landsa...
Starting with launch of Landsat 7 (L7) on 15 April 1999, the USGS Landsat Image Assessment System (IAS) has been performing calibration and characterization operations for over 20 years on the Landsat spacecrafts and their associated payloads. With t...
Land surface temperature (LST) is important in a variety of applications, such as urban thermal environment monitoring and water resource management. In this paper, eleven candidate split-window (SW) algorithms were adapted to Thermal Infrared Sensor...
The launch of Landsat 9 (L9) on 27 September 2021 marks the ongoing commitment of the Landsat mission to delivering users with calibrated Earth observations for fifty years. The two imaging sensors on L9 are the Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 (TIRS-2) and...
Land surface reflectance and temperatures data products are generated from data acquired with the Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor on the Landsat 8 and 9 satellites. The surface temperatures (ST) in the Level 2 surface products (L2...
The assessment of forest carbon storage plays a crucial role in forest management and ecosystem exploration, enabling the evaluation of forest quality, resources, carbon cycle and management. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) satelli...
Land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator of ecosystem sustainability and climate change resilience, particularly in highland watersheds characterized by fast land use and land cover (LULC) changes. In this research, the LST dynamics o...
Cities, home to 56% of the world’s population, face increasing challenges due to climate change and rapid urbanization, with a projected urban sprawl of 1 [...]
With the launch of Landsat 9 in September 2021, an optimal opportunity for in-flight cross-calibration occurred when Landsat 9 flew underneath Landsat 8 while being moved into its final orbit. Since the two instruments host nearly identical imaging s...
During the launch and path to its final orbit, the Landsat 9 satellite performed a once in a mission lifetime maneuver as it passed beneath Landsat 8, resulting in near coincident data collection. This maneuver provided ground validation teams from a...
The Landsat 8 and 9 Underfly Event occurred in November 2021, during which Landsat 9 flew beneath Landsat 8 in the final stages before settling in its final orbiting path. An analysis was performed on the images taken during this event, which resulte...
The two near-identical pushbroom Thermal Infrared Sensors (TIRS) aboard Landsat 8 and 9 are currently imaging the Earth’s surface at 10.9 and 12 microns from similar 705 km altitude, sun-synchronous polar orbits. This work validates the consist...
High-resolution multispectral remote sensing images offer valuable information about various land features, providing essential details and spatially accurate representations. In the complex urban environment, classification accuracy is not often ade...
Forest canopy height is an important indicator of the forest ecosystem, and an accurate assessment of forest canopy height on a large scale is of great significance for forest resource quantification and carbon sequestration. The retrieval of canopy...
A method for estimating river water surface elevation (WSE) from Landsat imagery using the river inundation area–water surface elevation (RIA-WSE) rating curve constructed from the U.S. Geological Survey Topobathymetric Elevation Model (TEM) da...
The split window technique has been used for over thirty years to derive surface temperatures of the Earth with image data collected from spaceborne sensors containing two thermal channels. The latest NASA/USGS Landsat satellites contain the Thermal...
The expanded Trend-to-Trend (T2T) cross-calibration technique has the potential to calibrate two sensors in much less time and provides trends on a daily assessment basis. The trend obtained from the expanded technique aids in evaluating the differen...
Due to the current energetic transition, new geological exploration technologies are needed to discover mineral deposits containing critical materials such as lithium (Li). The vast majority of European Li deposits are related to Li–Cs–Ta...
This paper presents a comprehensive intercomparison study investigating the radiometric performance of and concurrence among the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (L8 OLI), and L...
14 October 2022
The first step in the application of Landsat 9 imagery is cloud screening, and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) has made cloud screening an important part of the World Climate Research Program. The accurate identification...
Landsat 9 Operational Land Imager (L9-OLI) was launched on 27 September 2021, after completing a successful radiometric pre-launch calibration and characterization phase. The radiometric math model that governs the ground system—the data proces...
Accurate evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is critical for sustainable water management in arid environments. This study estimates actual ET over the Al-Hofuf region, Al-Ahsa Oasis, Saudi Arabia, during 2024 using a cloud-based remote sensing approa...
Remote sensing satellite data have been a crucial tool in understanding urban climates. The variety of sensors with different spatiotemporal characteristics and retrieval methodologies gave rise to a multitude of approaches when analyzing the surface...
Mapping river beds to identify water and sandbars is a crucial task for understanding the morphology and hydrodynamics of rivers and their ecological conditions. The main difficulties of this task so far have been the limitations of conventional appr...
With rapid urbanization, the urban heat island (UHI) effect has intensified, posing challenges to human health and ecosystems. This study explores the impact of sunlight exposure areas of artificial structures and human activities on land surface tem...
In recent decades several methods have been developed to extract coastlines from remotely sensed images. In fact, this is one of the principal fields of remote sensing research that continues to receive attention, as testified by the thousands of sci...
Lake Villarrica, located in southern Chile, is a vital freshwater resource whose ecological status requires continuous evaluation. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is a key indicator of phytoplankton biomass and estimating it using satellite sensors enables eff...
In this paper, we propose an advanced scripting approach using Python and R for satellite image processing and modelling terrain in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Data include Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS C2 L1 and the SRTM digital elevation model (DE...
With the launch of Landsat-9 on 27 September 2021, Landsat continues its fifty-year continuity mission of providing users with calibrated Earth observations. It has become a requirement that an underflight experiment be performed during commissioning...
Bathymetry data is indispensable for a variety of aquatic field studies and benthic resource inventories. Determining water depth can be accomplished through an echo sounding system or remote estimation utilizing space-borne and air-borne data across...
Bamboo forests, as some of the integral components of forest ecosystems, have emerged as focal points in forestry research due to their rapid growth and substantial carbon sequestration capacities. In this paper, satellite-borne lidar data from GEDI...
The combination of Landsat-8, Landsat-9, Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B data provides a new perspective in remote sensing application for terrestrial monitoring. Jointly, these four sensors together offer global 10–30-m multi-spectral data coverag...
Water quality monitoring is essential to assess and manage anthropogenic eutrophication, especially for coastal estuaries in heavily populated areas. Current monitoring techniques rely on in situ sampling, which can be expensive and limited in spatia...
To prevent or mitigate the negative impact of fires, spatial prediction maps of wildfires are created to identify susceptible locations and key factors that influence the occurrence of fires. This study uses artificial intelligence models, specifical...
Bare land, as a significant land cover type on the Earth’s surface, plays a crucial role in supporting land-use planning, urban management, and ecological environmental research through the investigation of its spatial distribution. However, du...
Defining the most profitable remote sensing platforms is a difficult decision-making process, as it requires agronomic and economic considerations. In this paper, the price and profitability of three levels of remote sensing platforms were evaluated...
Rapid and efficient evaluation of cultivated land quality in black soil regions at the farm scale using remote sensing techniques is crucial for resource protection. However, current studies face challenges in developing convenient and reliable model...
Globally, lakes are increasingly recognized as sensitive indicators of climate change and ecosystem stress. Qaraoun Lake, Lebanon’s largest artificial reservoir, is a critical resource for irrigation, hydropower generation, and domestic water s...
Earth observation data have assumed a key role in environmental monitoring, as well as in risk assessment. Rising temperatures and consequently heat waves due to ongoing climate change represent an important risk considering the population, as well a...
The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [...]
We assess the discriminative strength of three different satellite spectral settings (HyspIRI, the forthcoming Landsat 9 and Sentinel 2-MSI), in mapping tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Linnaeus) plants grown under hydroponic system, using human-excreta...
Thin cirrus clouds frequently contaminate images acquired with either Landsat 7 ETM+ or the earlier generation of Landsat series satellite instruments. The situation has changed since the launch of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) into spa...
Landsat data correction using the Land Surface Reflectance Code (LaSRC) has been proposed as the basis for the atmospheric correction of smallsats. While atmospheric correction can enhance smallsat data, the Landsat/LaSRC pathway delays output and ma...
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