Aiming at the problem where the current engineering wake model does not describe the wind speed distribution of the wake in the complex terrain wind farm completely, based on the three-dimensional full wake model (3DJGF wake model), this paper propos...
Wind Farm Layout Optimization (WFLO) can be useful to minimize power losses associated with turbine wakes in wind farms. This work presents a new evolutionary WFLO methodology integrated with a recently developed and successfully validated Gaussian w...
Optimal design of wind turbine placement in a wind farm is one of the most effective tools to reduce wake power losses by alleviating the wake effect in the wind farm. In comparison to the discrete grid-based wind farm design method, the continuous c...
This paper presents a new approach based on the optimization of the blade pitching strategy of offshore wind turbines in order to maximize the global energy output considering the Gaussian wake model and including the effect of added turbulence. A ge...
The precise wake model is crucial for accurately estimating wind farm loads and power, playing a key role in wake control within wind farms. This study proposes a segmented dual-Gaussian wake model, which is built upon existing dual-Gaussian wake mod...
Wake models play a fundamental role in finding optimized solutions in wind farm control. In fact, they allow assessing how wakes develop and interact with each other with the agility required for real-time applications. In this paper, a Gaussian Wake...
The combination of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) profile and the rotation of wind turbine wakes leads to lateral and vertical displacements of the wake center and to changes in the wake diameter, which are not taken into account by conventiona...
Wind farm power production is known to be strongly affected by turbine wake effects. The purpose of this study is to develop and test a new analytical model for the prediction of wind turbine wakes and the associated power losses in wind farms. The n...
Currently, most studies on the optimization of wind farm layouts on flat terrain employ a discrete grid-based arrangement method and result in irregular layouts that may damage the visual appeal of wind farms. To meet the practical requirements of wi...
This study presents a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation into the aerodynamic performance of the NREL Phase VI wind turbine, focusing on torque and power generation under different turbulence models. The primary objective was t...
In recent years, wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) has been extendedly developed to address the minimization of turbine wake effects in a wind farm. Considering that increasing the degrees of freedom in the decision space can lead to more efficien...
With the increasing use of data-driven modeling methods, new approaches to complex problems in the field of wind energy can be addressed. Topics reviewed through the literature include wake modeling, performance monitoring and controls applications,...
Huaneng Rudong 300 MW offshore wind farm project is located in eastern China. The wake effect is one of the major concerns for wind farm operators, as all 70 units are plotted in ranks, and the sea surface roughness is low. This paper investigated th...
Yaw-based wake steering control is a potential way to improve wind plant overall performance. For its engineering application, it is crucial to accurately predict the turbine wakes under various yawed conditions within a short time. In this work, a t...
This paper presents a new analog front-end classification system that serves as a wake-up engine for digital back-ends, targeting embedded devices for epileptic seizure prediction. Predicting epileptic seizures is of major importance for the patient’...
With the increasing demand for wind energy, the vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is attracting more and more attention. In order to design the VAWT array for better performance, the VAWT wake model needs to reflect the wake characteristics well. Bas...
In this study, an analytical wake model for predicting the mean velocity field downstream of a wind turbine under veering incoming wind is systematically derived and validated. The new model, which is an extended version of the one introduced by Bast...
In this work, two different theoretical models for predicting the wind velocity downwind of an H-rotor vertical-axis wind turbine are presented. The first model uses mass conservation together with the momentum theory and assumes a top-hat distributi...
The wake of a wind turbine is a crucial factor that decreases the output of downstream wind turbines and causes unsteady loading. Various wake models have been developed to understand it, ranging from simple ones to elaborate models that require long...
We propose an experimental study on the influence of the tip speed ratio on the spatial development of a wind turbine wake. To accomplish this, a scaled wind turbine is tested in a wind tunnel, and its turbulent wake measured for streamwise distances...
Wake models play an integral role in wind farm layout optimization and operations where associated design and control decisions are only as good as the underlying wake model upon which they are based. However, the desired model fidelity must be count...
A new analytical wake model for wind turbines, considering ambient turbulence intensity, thrust coefficient and yaw angle effects, is proposed from numerical and analytical studies. First, eight simulations by the Reynolds Stress Model are conducted...
Wind turbine aerodynamic interactions within wind farms lead to significant energy losses. Optimizing the flow between turbines presents a promising solution to mitigate these losses. While analytical models offer a fundamental approach to understand...
The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) is adopted to simulate the wind turbine wake and the simulation results are compared with the wind tunnel test data, simulation results from the standard k-ε model and a modified k-ε model. RSM shows good performance i...
Wind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the U.S. Wind turbine wakes change the flow field within wind farms and reduce power generation. Prior research has used experimental and computational methods to investigate and m...
In general, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models incur high computational costs when dealing with realistic and complicated flows. In contrast, the mass-consistent flow (MASCON) field model provides a three-dimensional flow field at reasonable c...
Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are crucial for harnessing deep-sea wind energy resources. However, existing studies on FOWTs have predominantly focused on standalone wind turbines, neglecting the wake effects from upstream turbines within th...
This study presents the setup, methodology and results from a measurement campaign dedicated to the characterization of full-scale wind turbine wakes under different inflow conditions. The measurements have been obtained from two pulsed scanning Dopp...
The present paper addresses the evolution of turbulence characteristics in wind turbine wakes immersed in a turbulent boundary layer. The study thereby focuses on finding physically consistent scaling laws for the wake width, the velocity deficit, an...
Wake meandering disturbs the stability of the far wake field and thus increases the fatigue loads of downstream wind turbines. A deep understanding of this phenomenon under atmospheric boundary layers and its relation to the structural loads helps to...
To investigate the characteristics of wind turbine wakes under different aerodynamic roughness lengths, a series of LES-ALM simulations were carried out in this study. First, a sensitivity analysis of the time step of the simulation results was perfo...
The airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantages of high-precision real-time observation of wave height variations and portability in the high frequency band, such as the Ku band. In view of the Four Fast Fourier Transform (4-FFT) algor...
A recent expert elicitation showed that model validation remains one of the largest barriers for commercial wind farm control deployment. The Gaussian-shaped wake deficit model has grown in popularity in wind farm field experiments, yet its validatio...
Offshore wind power currently shows the trend of a larger wind turbine capacity and deep-sea wind farm sites. Traditional wind farms with single-type wind turbines can hardly accommodate the dual requirements of high-efficiency power generation and w...
Nowadays, actuator line method (ALM) has become the most potential method in wind turbine simulations, especially in wind farm simulations and fluid-structure interaction simulations. The regularization kernel, which was originally introduced to ALM...
1 November 2026
Wake effects in offshore wind farms reduce power output and cause uneven fatigue among turbines, thereby increasing operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. This study proposes a multi-objective wake steering strategy that simultaneously maximizes...
Wake steering control can significantly improve the overall power production of wind farms. However, it also increases fatigue damage on downstream wind turbines. Therefore, optimizing fatigue loads in wake steering control has become a hot research...
This study provides a fast analysis of pesticide spray trails and dispersion influenced by crosswind, headwind, velocity field and the wake of an agricultural aircraft approaching the ground, to improve operational efficiency and reduce environmental...
The highly nonlinear aerodynamic interference in tandem-airfoil configurations significantly hinders the precise exploitation of their aerodynamic potential. To address this issue, this study establishes a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics b...
Accurate identification of sleep stages is essential for understanding sleep physiology and its role in neurological and behavioral research. Manual scoring of polysomnographic data, while reliable, is time-intensive and prone to variability. This st...
In the wake of the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis, the Federal Reserve began paying interest on reserves (IOR) on 1 October 2008—an intervention that, along with others, constituted a regime change for U.S. banks. In this study, we inv...
5 July 2022
The USA Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Industrial Source Complex Short Term 3 (ISCST3) dispersion modelling code was used to evaluate radon transport and the effects of local variations around tailings dam using a Gaussian plume model....
Approximate and sample entropy (AE and SE) provide robust measures of the deterministic or stochastic content of a time series (regularity), as well as the degree of structural richness (complexity), through operations at multiple data scales. Despit...
Wind farm performance monitoring has traditionally relied on deterministic models, such as power curves or machine learning approaches, which often fail to account for farm-wide behavior and the uncertainty quantification necessary for the reliable d...
In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of computational algorithms for identifying contamination sources in water distribution systems (WDSs). Previous studies have...
This paper discusses a data-driven, cooperative control strategy to maximize wind farm power production. Conventionally, every wind turbine in a wind farm is operated to maximize its own power production without taking into account the interactions b...
Turbulent flows are nonstationary in nature. Since the turbulent fluctuations of most flow parameters satisfy a symmetric Gaussian distribution, the turbulent characteristics have the property of symmetry in the statistical meaning. A widespread simp...
With the rapid development of commercial aquaculture in recent decades, large numbers of submerged cages or pens are clustered in fish farms that are commonly located within inland lakes, reservoirs, and coastal embayments around the world. The subme...
Low-slenderness-ratio, flat-ended autonomous underwater vehicles must balance hydrodynamic resistance against internal volume retention, yet classical slender-body criteria do not fully represent their coupled forebody wake response. A generalized My...