Sustainability

19 pages, 396 KB

Open AccessArticle

Conservation Agriculture as a Pathway to Climate and Economic Resilience for Farmers in the Republic of Moldova

by Andrei Zbancă, Teodor Rusu, Sergiu Panuța and Ghenadie Negritu

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10916; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410916 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025

Field crop cultivation in the Republic of Moldova faces significant challenges due to climate variability, market volatility, and rising input costs. Under these conditions, transitioning from conventional to conservation agriculture (CA) represents a strategic solution for improving farm resilience and competitiveness. This study [...] Read more.

Field crop cultivation in the Republic of Moldova faces significant challenges due to climate variability, market volatility, and rising input costs. Under these conditions, transitioning from conventional to conservation agriculture (CA) represents a strategic solution for improving farm resilience and competitiveness. This study evaluates the economic efficiency of the main field crops—wheat, barley, maize, rapeseed, and sunflower—by comparing income and expenditure budgets for conventional and conservation systems. The results highlight significant advantages for conservation agriculture, both in terms of profitability and the sustainable use of natural resources (water, soil, and biodiversity). The analysis, based on data from 25 representative farms collected between 2020 and 2024, shows that CA improves profitability by 15–35%, reduces fuel use by 35–40%, and decreases mechanized operations by 30–45%. These benefits result in lower production costs and greater yield stability in drought conditions. The research conclusions confirm that the implementation of conservation agriculture can contribute to the efficient adaptation of farmers to climate risks and to the consolidation of the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the Republic of Moldova. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Soil Management: Conservation Strategies for Agricultural Resilience)

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29 pages, 1216 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Oil to Electrification: A Qualitative Assessment of E-Mobility Policy in Saudi Arabia

by Saad AlQuhtani

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10915; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410915 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025

Abstract

The rapid global shift toward transportation electrification has positioned e-mobility as a key part of low-carbon transition strategies. Saudi Arabia, as a major energy producer undergoing economic diversification under Vision 2030, has recently increased its policy efforts for electric mobility. This study performs [...] Read more.

The rapid global shift toward transportation electrification has positioned e-mobility as a key part of low-carbon transition strategies. Saudi Arabia, as a major energy producer undergoing economic diversification under Vision 2030, has recently increased its policy efforts for electric mobility. This study performs a qualitative document analysis of 52 national policies, strategies, and institutional publications issued between 2010 and 2025, creating a longitudinal dataset of 1240 coded references. Using a PRISMA-aligned screening process and NVivo-based thematic coding, the analysis highlights main policy trends, institutional priorities, and implementation challenges influencing the Kingdom’s e-mobility transition. Results show a clear shift from early technology-neutral sustainability rhetoric to a more explicit policy framework focusing on industrial localization, charging infrastructure growth, renewable energy integration, and regulatory development after 2020. Despite these advances, gaps remain in governance coordination, market readiness, charging accessibility, and user adoption incentives. The paper provides a systematically mapped view of Saudi Arabia’s e-mobility policy landscape and places it within global transition trends. The findings offer practical insights for policymakers aiming to strengthen implementation, accelerate adoption, and align transport electrification with national decarbonization goals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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32 pages, 1402 KB

Open AccessArticle

Comparing Sustainability Priorities of Academicians and Managers: An AHP-Based SDG Analysis

by Fethiye Sağkan and Aykan Uncu

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10914; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410914 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study compares how academics and company managers prioritize environmental sustainability criteria using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Three main criteria were evaluated: resource and waste management, energy management, and product sustainability. The study examines these priorities by identifying key sustainability criteria, comparing [...] Read more.

This study compares how academics and company managers prioritize environmental sustainability criteria using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Three main criteria were evaluated: resource and waste management, energy management, and product sustainability. The study examines these priorities by identifying key sustainability criteria, comparing stakeholder assessments, and interpreting their implications for SDG-focused decision-making processes. The findings, based on the hypothesis that managers prefer market-sensitive strategies while academics prioritize ecological management, show that these different perspectives are complementary and can contribute to more inclusive sustainability policies together. The results show that company managers place greater importance on product-related practices such as the use of recycled materials, supply chain control, and product certification, reflecting market-oriented sustainability expectations. On the other hand, academics place greater emphasis on resource and waste management, including water resource protection (SDG 6), solid waste management (SDG 15), and the use of recycled materials (SDG 12). Both groups emphasize renewable energy (SDG 7) and greenhouse gas reduction (SDG 13) in the energy dimension. Full article

32 pages, 1386 KB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Botanical, Ecological and Utilitarian Aspects of Woody Plants Mentioned in the Bible That May Facilitate Establishing Biblical Gardens in Urban Space

by Zofia Włodarczyk and Anna Kapczyńska

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10913; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410913 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Woody plants are integral to the ecological and cultural context of the ancient Near East. Biblical references to trees reflect both their practical uses and their symbolic significance. This is a systematic review focused specifically on botanical affiliation, geographical origin and natural habitat [...] Read more.

Woody plants are integral to the ecological and cultural context of the ancient Near East. Biblical references to trees reflect both their practical uses and their symbolic significance. This is a systematic review focused specifically on botanical affiliation, geographical origin and natural habitat type and the cultivation potential of 97 woody species in temperate urban environments, important to ancient economy, culture and religion and consistently identified by scholars in biblical texts. The study applies a multifaceted methodological framework that integrates i.a. textual analysis, literature review and 20 years of horticultural observations. Moreover, the historical utility of these species was studied based on interpreting Bible quotes and comparative multilingual analysis of biblical texts. Analyzed woody plant species represent 36 botanical families, over 50% native to Ancient Palestine. About 18.6% were cultivated by humans, the rest grew in various habitats. Biblical sources revealed 17 uses, with many species having symbolic, practical, or multiple roles. Further, 32% of the species discussed can be grown directly in the soil in temperate climate, while 52.5% require container cultivation. Additionally, 15.5% of the species are hard to cultivate and thus not recommended for Biblical gardens. The content presented also provides valuable insights that may support the development of Biblical gardens within urban environments worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

17 pages, 2208 KB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Management Study of Dairy Cattle Farming in the Peri-Urban Area of Algiers, Algeria

by Mounir Ghezal, Bahia Bouchafaa Hammadou, Karima Kouachi, Pierre Spiteri, Tilemachos Koliopoulos and Fateh Mebarek-Oudina

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10912; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410912 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study focuses on the search for the optimal value of the cost per liter of raw milk. The sample included 59 farms with different types of labor, containing 422 elements maintained in different accommodation conditions. The farms are located in an urban [...] Read more.

This study focuses on the search for the optimal value of the cost per liter of raw milk. The sample included 59 farms with different types of labor, containing 422 elements maintained in different accommodation conditions. The farms are located in an urban area in the country’s capital. This study was essentially based on mathematical methodology close to a variant of the Cobb–Douglas function used by many economists. This made it possible to find expressions of the relationships linking different parameters involved in the evaluation of the optimal value of the cost per raw liter, as well as certain critical values of the number of elements to be determined. The results show that the variation in the cost per liter follows two levels; the first relates to a number of elements between one and ten, where the increase occurs in a linear and progressive manner. The second level concerns the range between 10 and 30 elements. It is characterized by a linear increase and is more accentuated than in the previous case. The results also suggest that a critical number indicates the separation between the two levels. Application of these wastes as fertilizers aligns with the EU Action Plan on the Circular Economy and can contribute to achieving SDGs 2 and 12. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Consumption and Production: Pathways to Resource Efficiency and Circular Economy)

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29 pages, 311 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Green Transformation on ESG Performance in Manufacturing Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from Listed Companies in China

by Xing Fan, Qinglin Guo and Xuefei Bai

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10911; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410911 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

In the context of global sustainable development and China’s “Dual Carbon” goals, green transformation has emerged as a crucial pathway for manufacturing enterprises to enhance their ESG performance. This study develops a comprehensive and novel framework for assessing green transformation and uses panel [...] Read more.

In the context of global sustainable development and China’s “Dual Carbon” goals, green transformation has emerged as a crucial pathway for manufacturing enterprises to enhance their ESG performance. This study develops a comprehensive and novel framework for assessing green transformation and uses panel data from Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms spanning 2009 to 2022 to systematically evaluate the impact of this transformation on ESG performance. It also investigates the moderating effects of financing constraints, firm size, and digital transformation. The empirical findings reveal three key results. First, green transformation exerts a significant positive influence on corporate ESG performance, and this conclusion remains robust after conducting multiple endogeneity and sensitivity tests. Second, the beneficial effect of green transformation is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms in central, western, and northeastern China, and younger enterprises. This reflects the substantial impact of policy orientation and resource base on the effectiveness of implementing green strategies. Third, financing constraints amplify the ESG benefits derived from green transformation. In contrast, firm size exhibits a negative moderating effect, indicating that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) derive greater advantages. Although digital transformation generally enhances ESG performance, it presents a synergistic imbalance with green transformation that diminishes its marginal effect. This study provides theoretical foundations and robust empirical evidence to support the advancement of corporate ESG performance through initiatives focused on green transformation. Full article

18 pages, 4124 KB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Dual-Function Red Mud Granule Mediated the Fate of Phosphorus in Agricultural Soils: Pollution Mitigation and Resource Recycling

by Yaqin Zhao, Bingyu Yang, Zixuan Niu, Liping Wang, Dejun Yang, Jing Wang and Zihao Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10910; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410910 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

The limited availability of phosphorus (P) in soil poses a critical constraint on agricultural productivity, and sustainable P fertilization practices are of great importance for crop production. In this study, we developed a novel dual-function granular material (RMG) derived from red mud, a [...] Read more.

The limited availability of phosphorus (P) in soil poses a critical constraint on agricultural productivity, and sustainable P fertilization practices are of great importance for crop production. In this study, we developed a novel dual-function granular material (RMG) derived from red mud, a waste residue from the aluminum industry. This material is capable of adsorbing P in P-rich soils and releasing P in P-deficient soils, thereby enabling the sustainable use of red mud and P fertilizer. The influences of RMG on the migration and transformation of P in soil were investigated. Application of RMG significantly increased the critical threshold for P leaching, thereby effectively mitigating P loss. In the initial stage of leaching, P in the leachate was present predominantly as particulate phosphorus, whereas molybdate-reactive P became the dominant form in later stages. With increasing RMG dosage, the pH of the leachate rose while the total phosphorus concentration declined, indicating that alkaline components in RMG promoted the adsorption and precipitation of phosphates in soil. The release behavior of P from P-enriched RMG was also examined. The results showed that the total soil P content increased progressively with higher RMG dosage and longer cultivation duration. Elevated temperature and soil moisture content were found to enhance the release and migration of P from RMG into the soil. SEM-EDS analyses revealed that released components (e.g., Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺) from RMG formed relatively stable complexes with free phosphates. Moreover, adsorption of P onto the RMG surface further facilitated its migration and transformation within the soil. The research findings provide valuable insights for the simultaneous pollution remediation and resource utilization of red mud and phosphorus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pollution Prevention, Mitigation and Sustainability)

28 pages, 2186 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential and Function of Natural Attractions in Tunisia in the Context of Sustainable Tourism

by Teresa Brzezińska-Wójcik and Monika Widz

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10909; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410909 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Since the 1970s, Tunisia has been a popular destination due to its diverse natural environment and a tourist offer based on recreation 3S (Sea–Sun–Sand). Tourist flow is therefore concentrated along its eastern Mediterranean coast, where there is a risk of overtourism. One of [...] Read more.

Since the 1970s, Tunisia has been a popular destination due to its diverse natural environment and a tourist offer based on recreation 3S (Sea–Sun–Sand). Tourist flow is therefore concentrated along its eastern Mediterranean coast, where there is a risk of overtourism. One of the proposed solutions to prevent this phenomenon is to assess the natural potential and tourism functions of Tunisia in the context of sustainable tourism. This goal was achieved through the use of the method of multidimensional comparative analysis, which allowed for a measurable comparison of the country’s tourist regions in terms of 23 characteristics illustrating the potential and functions of nature-based attractions and accommodation facilities (number of beds, number of tourists using accommodation). In light of the synthetic indicators obtained, the greatest threat to sustainable nature-based tourism was identified in the regions of Nabeul–Hammamet and Yasmine–Hammamet, as well as Monastir–Skanes. In the first region, this results from the large number of tourists visiting natural attractions, whereas in the second, it stems from the excessive number of people using accommodation facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor tourist flow and take various measures to relieve pressure on these regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Reshaping Sustainable Tourism in the Horizon 2050)

22 pages, 1593 KB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of the Flood Control Capacity of Large Regulated Lakes Using an Enhanced 2D Hydrodynamic Model

by Yuchen Xiao, Fuxin Chai, Jia Sun, Chengzhi Xiao, Feng Peng, Shiyi Yu and Hongping Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10908; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410908 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study addresses the technical gaps in current flood simulation for regulated lakes, such as insufficient accuracy in simulating complex gate and dam operation processes and low computational efficiency that fails to meet practical engineering needs. By employing an improved two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic [...] Read more.

This study addresses the technical gaps in current flood simulation for regulated lakes, such as insufficient accuracy in simulating complex gate and dam operation processes and low computational efficiency that fails to meet practical engineering needs. By employing an improved two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic model, it systematically analyzes flood control strategies for large regulated lakes. Using the August 2018 flood event for model validation, the final simulation results indicate that the current flood control capacity meets standards for 50-year floods (Nanyang 36.79 m, Weishan 35.99 m) but fails for 100-year floods, exceeding limits by 0.23 m (Nanyang 37.22 m) and 0.15 m (Weishan 36.64 m). The designed conditions reduce 100-year flood levels to 36.98 m and 36.47 m, respectively, achieving the required flood defense standard for 100-year events. The findings provide a quantitative framework for evaluating flood control capacity across different planning scenarios, which advances flood risk management and offers implementable insights for achieving sustainable water resource management in regulated lake basins globally. This, in turn, contributes directly to two United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): enhancing human community safety and resilience (SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities) through improved flood control engineering and operations, and strengthening climate adaptation (SDG 13: Climate Action) by boosting basin-wide resilience to extreme rainfall and flooding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

19 pages, 616 KB

Open AccessArticle

ESG Greenwashing or Sustainability? Evidence from Chinese Corporate Green Mergers and Acquisitions

by Hongjun Sun, Zekai Wang and Zhao Duan

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10907; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410907 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

In recent years, with the emergence of the “greenwashing” problem caused by asset divestments by enterprises, whether green mergers and acquisitions can significantly curb this greenwashing behavior is a very worthwhile research question in the context of sustainable development becoming a long-term competitive [...] Read more.

In recent years, with the emergence of the “greenwashing” problem caused by asset divestments by enterprises, whether green mergers and acquisitions can significantly curb this greenwashing behavior is a very worthwhile research question in the context of sustainable development becoming a long-term competitive strategy for enterprises. This paper analyzes the relevant data of A-share listings in China from 2014 to 2023 and concludes that corporate green mergers and acquisitions have a certain negative impact on ESG greenwashing through three mechanisms: reducing financing constraints, enhancing social reputation, and suppressing managerial shortsightedness. And this correlational negative impact has a stronger effect due to the business relationship between the acquiring and acquired companies, the strong regulatory intensity of the environment in which the acquired company is located, and the fact that the main acquiring company is in a first-tier city. This study not only breaks the inherent cognitive shackles of “greenwashing” opportunistic behavior in green mergers and acquisitions, the opposite of corporate asset divestment, but also provides theoretical support for companies to achieve long-term sustainable development through green mergers and acquisitions. Full article

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27 pages, 10097 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect and Heatwaves Impact in Thessaloniki: A Satellite Imagery Analysis of Cooling Strategies

by Marco Falda, Giannis Adamos, Tamara Rađenović and Chrysi Laspidou

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10906; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410906 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) effect poses significant challenges to cities worldwide, particularly in regions like Thessaloniki, Greece, where rising temperatures exacerbate urban living conditions. This study investigates the effectiveness of sustainable urban planning strategies in mitigating the UHI effect by analyzing the [...] Read more.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect poses significant challenges to cities worldwide, particularly in regions like Thessaloniki, Greece, where rising temperatures exacerbate urban living conditions. This study investigates the effectiveness of sustainable urban planning strategies in mitigating the UHI effect by analyzing the spatial distribution of Land Surface Temperature (LST) during the summer heatwave of 2023. Utilizing LANDSAT 8–9 satellite imagery processed with QGIS, we calculated LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). Additionally, urban structure data from OpenStreetMap (OSM) was integrated to assess the urban fabric. Our findings reveal significant spatial temperature variations, with densely built-up areas, such as the old town and industrial district, exhibiting higher LSTs compared to greener spaces. Based on these results, we propose targeted interventions, including the large-scale implementation of green roofs and the use of light-colored asphalts, which have shown potential for substantial LST reduction. This work underscores the importance of integrating these strategies into a standardized urban planning framework to enhance urban resilience, providing a model that can be applied to other European cities facing similar climate challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Climate Change, Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction–Planning Perspectives)

23 pages, 685 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Impact of Practical Teaching Quality in Chinese Agricultural Universities on Students’ Behavioral Intention to Serve “Agriculture, Rural Areas, and Farmers”

by Lingling Wang, Panpan Zhang, Li Chen, Hui Luo and Jingsuo Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10905; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410905 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

To address the issue of “studying agriculture but not engaging in agricultural work” in Chinese agricultural universities, this study developed a practical teaching quality framework based on the CIPP model. The framework includes four dimensions: goal identity, resource support, process experience, and ability [...] Read more.

To address the issue of “studying agriculture but not engaging in agricultural work” in Chinese agricultural universities, this study developed a practical teaching quality framework based on the CIPP model. The framework includes four dimensions: goal identity, resource support, process experience, and ability and emotional gain. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 433 students majoring in agricultural economics and management. The study combined structural equation modeling (SEM) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore how practical teaching quality influences behavioral intention to serve “agriculture, rural areas, and farmers”. The findings are as follows: (1) All four dimensions significantly positively influence behavioral intention, but the pathways differ. Process experience has the strongest direct effect (β = 0.51). Resource support (β = 0.125) and ability-emotional gain (β = 0.155) are partially mediated by student satisfaction, while goal identity is completely indirectly driven through satisfaction. (2) Three configurations for high behavioral intention are identified: the all-dimensional driven type (coverage 52.8%), the emotion-experience driven type (coverage 7.5%), and the experience-ability compensation type (coverage 12.5%), with an overall consistency of 93.46%; (3) The study confirms the applicability of the CIPP model and customer satisfaction theory in agricultural education. It reveals a multiple transmission mechanism of “quality–satisfaction–behavioral intention”. The study provides a theoretical basis and practical paradigm for constructing a precision practical teaching system and strengthening talent support for rural revitalization. Full article

22 pages, 5045 KB

Open AccessArticle

Marine Conditions Enhance Acetochlor Adsorption on Biodegradable Microplastics: Mechanistic Insights and Management Implications

by Hang Su, Dan Zhao, Yuan Liu, Wanting Li, Jun Yang, Rong Lin, Yanming Su, Chuanhao Xu and Xuehua Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10904; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410904 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Biodegradable microplastics can adsorb organic pollutants in aquatic environments, worsening contamination. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to systematically explore the molecular interactions between polylactic acid [...] Read more.

Biodegradable microplastics can adsorb organic pollutants in aquatic environments, worsening contamination. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain poorly understood. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to systematically explore the molecular interactions between polylactic acid (PLA) and the herbicide acetochlor (ACT) in freshwater and a seawater analog. Our simulations reveal that PLA demonstrates a notably higher adsorption capacity for organic pollutants in seawater than in pure water. This improvement stems from three main factors: (i) PLA forms a more compact microstructure under saline conditions, (ii) its specific surface area increases, offering more active adsorption sites, and (iii) surface adsorption between PLA and ACT molecules dominates. DFT calculations support the MD simulation findings, demonstrating stronger PLA–ACT interaction energies in seawater. The adsorption process is mainly driven by two fundamental mechanisms: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. Importantly, dissolved salt ions in seawater act as molecular bridges, facilitating interactions between PLA and ACT. Based on these insights, the study proposes conservative, testable risk indicators and planning/management implications for coastal drainage infrastructure, contributing to broader sustainable development objectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Materials, Nature-Based Solutions and Energy-Efficient Solutions in Sustainable Buildings and Cities)

22 pages, 395 KB

Open AccessArticle

Investor Sentiment and Trust in Sustainability Reports in Egypt: The Moderating Role of Financial Literacy

by Hoda Essam Hassan Khaled and Ghada Ahmed Nabil Ibrahim

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10903; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410903 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between investor sentiment (IS) and trust in sustainability reports (TSRs) in Egypt, which is an emerging market that has recently strengthened its sustainability disclosure practices. Drawing on behavioral finance and disclosure theory, this study also examines the moderating [...] Read more.

This study investigates the relationship between investor sentiment (IS) and trust in sustainability reports (TSRs) in Egypt, which is an emerging market that has recently strengthened its sustainability disclosure practices. Drawing on behavioral finance and disclosure theory, this study also examines the moderating role of financial literacy (FL) in shaping this relationship. A quantitative, questionnaire-based survey was presented to 328 individual investors who are familiar with sustainability and ESG reporting. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability tests, and both simple and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that IS has a strong and significant positive effect on trust in sustainability reports, with market optimism and emotional influence emerging as the most influential dimensions. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression results reveal that FL significantly strengthens the relationship between IS and TSR, indicating that, within the present sample, more financially literate investors translate sentiment into more informed and rational trust judgments. These findings contribute to the accounting and sustainability reporting in the literature by demonstrating that trust in non-financial disclosures is not only shaped by reporting practices but is also heavily influenced by investor psychology and financial competence. This study highlights the importance of enhancing both disclosure quality and investor financial literacy to strengthen confidence in sustainability reporting in emerging markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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18 pages, 4153 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Optimization of Fatigue Performance in FDM-Printed PLA Biopolymer Using Grey Relational Method

by Ivan Peko, Nikša Čatipović, Karla Antunović and Petar Ljumović

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10902; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410902 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study focuses on improving the fatigue strength and overall performance of sustainable biopolymer polylactic acid (PLA) components manufactured via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing process. PLA, as a biodegradable and renewable polymer derived from natural resources, represents a promising alternative to [...] Read more.

This study focuses on improving the fatigue strength and overall performance of sustainable biopolymer polylactic acid (PLA) components manufactured via Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) additive manufacturing process. PLA, as a biodegradable and renewable polymer derived from natural resources, represents a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics in engineering and research applications. The influence of key FDM process parameters—layer height, infill density, and number of perimeters—on critical performance indicators such as filament consumption, printing time, and fatigue strength (number of cycles to failure) was systematically analyzed using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Subsequently, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was applied as a multi-objective optimization technique to identify the parameter settings that achieve an optimal balance between mechanical durability and resource efficiency. The obtained results demonstrate that a proper combination of process parameters can significantly enhance the mechanical reliability and sustainability profile of FDM-printed PLA parts, contributing to the broader adoption of eco-friendly materials in additive manufacturing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials and Technologies for Environmental Sustainability)

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35 pages, 1026 KB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation on Green Technology Innovation in China: Roles of Carbon Information Disclosure and Media Attention

by Min Pan and Jie Meng

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10901; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410901 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Amid China’s push for digital transformation, green technology innovation has become a vital pathway to achieving its carbon neutrality goals. Using panel data from Chinese A-share-listed companies between 2012 and 2023, sourced from the CNRDS and CSMAR databases, this study employs a two-way [...] Read more.

Amid China’s push for digital transformation, green technology innovation has become a vital pathway to achieving its carbon neutrality goals. Using panel data from Chinese A-share-listed companies between 2012 and 2023, sourced from the CNRDS and CSMAR databases, this study employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine how digital transformation affects green innovation. In this model, carbon information disclosure serves as a mediator and is measured through text analysis and entropy weighting, while media attention is included as a moderator. The results show that: (1) Digital transformation significantly promotes green technology innovation, with a one-unit increase in the digitalization index raising green patent applications by 4.45%; upon controlling for potential path dependence, the effect remains stable at 3.76%. (2) Carbon information disclosure plays a partial mediating role. (3) Media attention moderates both the direct effect of digital transformation and the first stage of the indirect effect through carbon information disclosure. (4) Heterogeneity analyses, supplemented by inter-group difference tests, reveal stronger effects in state-owned enterprises, firms in western China, and larger firms. The study concludes with practical recommendations for corporate practice and public policy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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19 pages, 3279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Wetland Fine Classification Based on Remote Sensing Images with Multi-Temporal and Feature Optimization

by Dongping Xu, Wei Wu, Yesheng Ma and Dianxing Feng

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10900; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410900 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Wetlands, known as “the kidney of the Earth”, serve as critical ecological carriers for global sustainable development. The fine classification of wetlands is crucial to their utilization and protection. Wetland fine-scale classification based on remote sensing imagery has long been challenged by disturbances [...] Read more.

Wetlands, known as “the kidney of the Earth”, serve as critical ecological carriers for global sustainable development. The fine classification of wetlands is crucial to their utilization and protection. Wetland fine-scale classification based on remote sensing imagery has long been challenged by disturbances such as clouds, fog, and shadows. Simultaneously, the confusion of spectral information among land cover types remains a primary factor affecting classification accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a fine classification model of wetlands in remote sensing images based on multi-temporal data and feature optimization (CMW-MTFO). The model is divided into three parts: (1) a multi-satellite and multi-temporal remote sensing image fusion module; (2) a feature optimization module; and (3) a feature classification network module. Multi-satellite multi-temporal image fusion compensates for information gaps caused by cloud cover, fog, and shadows, while feature optimization reduces spectral characteristics prone to confusion. Finally, fine classification is completed using the feature classification network based on deep learning. Using coastal wetlands in Liaoning Province, China, as the experimental area, this study compares the CMW-MTFO with several classical wetland classification methods, non-feature-optimized classification, and single-temporal classification. Results show that the proposed model achieves an overall classification accuracy of 98.31% for Liaoning wetlands, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.9795. Compared to the classic random forest method, classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient improved by 11.09% and 0.1286, respectively. Compared to non-feature-based classification, classification accuracy increased by 1.06% and Kappa coefficient by 1.18%. Compared to the best classification performance using single-temporal images, the proposed method achieved a 1.81% increase in classification accuracy and a 2.19% increase in Kappa value, demonstrating the effectiveness of the model approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploiting Image Processing, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, and Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Applications)

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22 pages, 1001 KB

Open AccessArticle

Public Awareness and Acceptance of Hyperloop as a Sustainable Transport Innovation: A Survey-Based Assessment of Environmental and Technological Perceptions

by Rafał Rumin, Artur Machno, Małgorzata Okręglicka, Angelika Wodecka-Hyjek and Sylwia Flaszewska

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10899; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410899 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study examines public awareness and acceptance of Hyperloop technology in Poland as a potential low-emission and energy-efficient mode of future transportation. Based on a survey of 1000 respondents, this study examines five key dimensions: general openness to next-generation transportation solutions, awareness of [...] Read more.

This study examines public awareness and acceptance of Hyperloop technology in Poland as a potential low-emission and energy-efficient mode of future transportation. Based on a survey of 1000 respondents, this study examines five key dimensions: general openness to next-generation transportation solutions, awareness of the Hyperloop concept, perceived need for innovation in the transportation sector, willingness to use Hyperloop, and expectations regarding environmental benefits. The study results indicate that Polish society generally holds positive attitudes toward innovative transportation, encompassing attitudes, needs, willingness, and environmental perceptions. However, awareness of Hyperloop remains relatively low at only 15%. Differences between groups are statistically significant but small in terms of effect size, indicating that the overall attitude is generally positive across the population. This article contributes to the literature on the social acceptance of transportation innovations, providing a foundation for further communication and educational initiatives that support sustainable mobility. This study emphasizes the importance of targeted communication strategies, particularly for groups with low awareness, and highlights the role of the environmental context in promoting public acceptance. These findings contribute to understanding public readiness for sustainable transport innovations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Transportation Systems and Travel Behaviors)

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26 pages, 800 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Business Performance Through Digital Transformation: The Strategic Role of Supply Chain Integration and Operational in Port Management

by Bagusranu Wahyudi Putra, Murpin Josua Sembiring, Liliana Dewi, Ari Primantara and Anak Agung Ayu Puty Andrina

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10898; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410898 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Digital transformation (DT) has become a strategic priority for global ports; however, many in developing countries, including Indonesia, face challenges in translating digital initiatives into measurable business performance (BP). This study examines the impact of DT on BP through the mediating roles of [...] Read more.

Digital transformation (DT) has become a strategic priority for global ports; however, many in developing countries, including Indonesia, face challenges in translating digital initiatives into measurable business performance (BP). This study examines the impact of DT on BP through the mediating roles of supply chain integration (SCI) and operational performance (OP) within Indonesian ports, using the Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) framework. A quantitative survey of 128 operational managers from state-owned ports was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal that DT significantly improves SCI and OP, both of which positively influence BP. Moreover, SCI and OP jointly mediate the DT–BP relationship, highlighting that digital technologies create value only when integrated into coordinated processes and operational routines. The study underscores that DT should be managed as a strategic transformation aligning technology, operations, and interorganizational collaboration. For port managers, strengthening digital connectivity across internal and external networks, supported by governance and incentive mechanisms, is essential to enhance visibility, responsiveness, and resilience. Theoretically, this research advances DCT by demonstrating how DT functions as a reconfiguring capability realized through SCI and OP, providing empirical insights from developing-country port contexts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Business Performance and Socio-environmental Sustainability)

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18 pages, 673 KB

Open AccessArticle

Government Incentives and Consumer Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles in Taiwan: An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

by Chih-Ming Tsai, Chun-Min Yu, Chun-Hung Yu and Valerie Huang

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10897; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410897 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

This study examines how government policy tools shape consumer adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in Taiwan. By extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) focusing on three external government policy factors—legislative direction, monetary incentives, and usage-based benefits—this study uses two factors, including perceived [...] Read more.

This study examines how government policy tools shape consumer adoption of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in Taiwan. By extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) focusing on three external government policy factors—legislative direction, monetary incentives, and usage-based benefits—this study uses two factors, including perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), to evaluate behavioral intention to use (BI), or purchase, BEVs. Utilizing PLS-SEM, survey data from 238 respondents were analyzed. The results suggest that legislative direction had no significant impact on PU or PEOU, while monetary incentives influenced only PEOU. In contrast, usage-based benefits strongly predicted both PU and PEOU. In addition, PU also partially mediates the relationship between PEOU and BI. These findings extend the TAM by situating public policy as a measurable driver of technology adoption, especially in the case of BEVs. For Taiwan, the results suggest that governmental policies focused on increased visibility and accessibility are more attractive than abstract regulatory frameworks in encouraging BEV adoption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumption Innovation and Consumer Behavior in Sustainable Marketing)

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19 pages, 5769 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Dependence of Conditional Recurrence Periods for Extreme Rainfall in the Qiantang River Basin: Implications for Sustainable Regional Disaster Risk Governance

by Qi-Ting Zhang, Jing-Lin Qian, Xiao-Jun Jiang, Yun-Xin Wu and Pu-Bing Yu

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10896; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410896 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Climate change increases the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall. Heavy rain is one of the main input sources for the complex water resources system in the watershed. Understanding its regional spatial correlation is of vital importance for promoting sustainable disaster management in [...] Read more.

Climate change increases the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall. Heavy rain is one of the main input sources for the complex water resources system in the watershed. Understanding its regional spatial correlation is of vital importance for promoting sustainable disaster management in the watershed. The Qiantang River Basin is a significant ecological and economic area in the Yangtze River Delta, yet systematic research on its multi-regional rainstorm-dependent structure remains insufficient. In this study, hourly rainfall data of the basin from 1950 to 2024 were used to construct marginal functions by using the peaks-over-threshold and the generalized Pareto distribution, and a mixed Copula model was established to describe the dependence structure of multi-regional extreme rainfall events. The model has been tested by RMSE and Cramér–von Mises statistics and shows reliable performance. The study reveals that the basin has a “double cluster” spatial pattern: the internal conditions of northern clusters (Hangzhou–Shaoxing) and southern clusters (Jinhua–Lishui–Quzhou) showed a strong dependence. On the contrary, under cluster conditions with low inter-regional dependence, all high-probability combinations occurred within the clusters, not outside them. This finding provides quantitative support for optimizing trans-regional emergency response, improving flood control resilience, and realizing precise allocation of resources, and is of great significance for promoting sustainable watershed governance. Full article

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18 pages, 4885 KB

Open AccessArticle

County-Level Climate Governance in China: Lessons from a Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of Low-Carbon Pilot Policies

by Yunchen Qian and Yanmin He

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10895; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410895 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Understanding how climate policies shape local emissions, population dynamics, and consumption patterns is essential for achieving carbon peaking and neutrality goals. As the climate change governance regime evolves, it is inevitable that, in addition to the central government, county-level regulatory actors will be [...] Read more.

Understanding how climate policies shape local emissions, population dynamics, and consumption patterns is essential for achieving carbon peaking and neutrality goals. As the climate change governance regime evolves, it is inevitable that, in addition to the central government, county-level regulatory actors will be involved in decision-making. This study utilizes a quasi-natural experiment to analyze county-level panel data from 2007 to 2017 as research objects. The nationwide low-carbon pilot policies established in 2010 and 2012 serve as the primary focus of this study. We employ a staggered Difference-in-Differences model to empirically analyze the impact of these pilot programs on carbon emission reductions. The results show that the policy significantly reduces carbon emissions by 30.52% on average, with pronounced spatial heterogeneity across central, suburban, and remote counties. Population redistribution contributes to emission reductions but raises equity concerns in remote counties. Meanwhile, residents remain in a high-carbon consumption phase, revealing the limitations of production-focused policies. These findings highlight the importance of integrating demand-side measures and spatially differentiated strategies into China’s climate governance framework. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)

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21 pages, 716 KB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Taiwan’s Renewable Energy Mix: A Regression and Principal Component Analysis Approach Under Climate Change Challenges

by Mei-Mei Lin and Fu-Hsiang Kuo

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10894; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410894 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Amid rising global energy demand and Taiwan’s transition toward a non-nuclear and low-carbon future, identifying an optimal renewable energy (RE) mix has become essential. This study analyzes eight RE sources using a three-model framework—Pearson correlation, Stepwise Regression Analysis (SRA), and Principal Component Analysis [...] Read more.

Amid rising global energy demand and Taiwan’s transition toward a non-nuclear and low-carbon future, identifying an optimal renewable energy (RE) mix has become essential. This study analyzes eight RE sources using a three-model framework—Pearson correlation, Stepwise Regression Analysis (SRA), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)—based on 60 monthly observations from 2019 to 2023. The results show that geothermal energy (GE) and solar photovoltaics (SP) exhibit strong positive correlations with total RE generation. Both SRA and PCA consistently identify conventional hydropower (CH), SP, and offshore wind power (OSW) as Taiwan’s most effective RE combination, while PCA provides superior predictive performance and reduces multicollinearity. In contrast, OWP, SB, BG, and WTE show limited contribution to overall RE output. Policy recommendations suggest prioritizing SP under resource constraints, and jointly expanding CH, SP, and OSW when resources permit, to achieve a balanced and sustainable RE structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications)

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29 pages, 1942 KB

Open AccessReview

How an Ergonomic Approach Supports Sustainability and ESG Goals: From Green Ergonomics to Sustainability Through Ergonomic Excellence

by Marcin Butlewski and Marta Broda

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10893; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410893 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

The article aims to determine how ergonomic measures support the achievement of ESG goals and how ergonomics as a discipline can be used in sustainability reporting. The study was designed as a mixed-method approach, started with a systematic review of the literature conducted [...] Read more.

The article aims to determine how ergonomic measures support the achievement of ESG goals and how ergonomics as a discipline can be used in sustainability reporting. The study was designed as a mixed-method approach, started with a systematic review of the literature conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, and was followed by a qualitative analysis of the identified literature. The search strategy was based on a combination of keywords in the areas of ergonomics and environmental management. The results of the review identify the main trends in combination of ergonomics with ESG: Ergoecology, Green ergonomics, Environmental ergonomics, and Immaterial ergonomics, as well as indicating areas of objectives particularly reinforced by ergonomic interventions and documenting examples of good practices valuable for ESG reporting. The main results of the study are as follows: (1) organizing research trends in ergonomics for sustainable development; (2) a systematizing approach to green ergonomic practice; (3) a set of ergonomic practices for sustainability that are most frequently described in the literature; and (4) a conceptual model termed the Sustainability through Ergonomic Excellence Model (StEEM). The proposed framework organizes a range of practices into seven areas of excellence and assigns the collected green ergonomic practices to them, showing their contribution to implementing ESG metrics. The research carried out indicates that the role of ergonomics is still underestimated in current reporting standards. The proposed mapping and StEEM frameworks provide a framework to facilitate the systematic integration of ergonomics into ESG strategies and reporting and to provide a structured foundation for future empirical and evaluative research. Full article

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19 pages, 14311 KB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Geophysical Characterization of Karst Landfills in Croatia: Mapping the Waste–Bedrock Interface and Assessing Waste Volume

by Božo Padovan, Mario Bačić, Lovorka Librić, Valentino Mejrušić and Meho Saša Kovačević

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10892; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410892 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Landfills situated in karst terrains pose unique sustainability challenges due to the complex geological characteristics of these environments. This is mainly due to the well-developed underground drainage systems, including discontinuities and caves that can quickly transport contaminants over long distances, reaching the water [...] Read more.

Landfills situated in karst terrains pose unique sustainability challenges due to the complex geological characteristics of these environments. This is mainly due to the well-developed underground drainage systems, including discontinuities and caves that can quickly transport contaminants over long distances, reaching the water sources and ecosystems. The focus of this study is on multi-geophysical assessment incorporating electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and seismic refraction tomography (SRT) to evaluate the volume of the waste and to delineate the contact between the waste material and the karst, offering a more comprehensive view of subsurface conditions. The presented examples include geophysical mapping of the landfills Sodol and Sorinj, situated in the immediate vicinity of sensitive water bodies, increasing the potential risk of environmental contamination. At both sites, the boundary between waste material and bedrock was clearly delineated. Bedrock was identified with P-wave velocities of approximately 3000 m/s at Sodol Landfill and 2000 m/s at Sorinj Landfill. Waste material, observed at both sites, exhibited electrical resistivity values up to 120 Ω·m. The combined use of ERT and SRT provides extensive coverage of the landfill area, surpassing what can typically be achieved through traditional methods such as boreholes or excavations. Overall, the obtained results show promising potential for using integrated geophysical methods to accurately characterize landfill sites in karst terrains, thereby improving environmental protection strategies in karst regions and contributing to sustainable waste management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Risk Assessment: Hazard Monitoring, Forecasting, and Mitigation)

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20 pages, 296 KB

Open AccessArticle

Environmental Commitment at the Crossroads? Exploring the Dialectic of Risk Prevention and Climate Protection

by Sophie Lacher and Matthias Rohs

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10891; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410891 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Amid escalating climate change and delayed political measures to prevent them, questions of how individuals negotiate the tension between collective climate protection and personal disaster preparedness have become increasingly urgent. This study explores these dynamics by examining the biography of ‘Lukas Sandner’, a [...] Read more.

Amid escalating climate change and delayed political measures to prevent them, questions of how individuals negotiate the tension between collective climate protection and personal disaster preparedness have become increasingly urgent. This study explores these dynamics by examining the biography of ‘Lukas Sandner’, a sustainability activist whose trajectory reflects a shift from collective climate action to personal adaptation. Using a reconstructive biographical analysis based on a biographical narrative interview and the documentary method, the study reconstructs the interpretive frameworks and orientations that shape his actions and that situate him within this tension. The analysis shows that transformative learning was triggered by a disorienting event—particularly a severe heavy rainfall event—which redirected his focus from collective prevention efforts towards individual preparedness. His strategies include stockpiling, technical measures, and gardening understood as a hybrid practice linking ecological ideals with precautionary foresight. These shifts are dialectical, shaped by earlier experiences of concealment and reframing. The findings illustrate how personal trajectories intersect with broader social dynamics, showing how biographical experiences, structural conditions, and collective discourses converge to shape preparedness, highlighting the interplay between collective responsibility and private resilience. The reconstruction of Sandner’s biography may provide clues to underlying societal trends toward individualised adaptation and risk prevention strategies in industrialised societies in response to growing disillusionment about the possibility of preventing climate change. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Developing Sustainable Participation in Learning for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Resilience)

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16 pages, 438 KB

Open AccessArticle

From Green Demand to Green Skills: The Role of Consumers in Shaping Sustainable Workforce Competencies

by Drita Kruja, Irina Canco and Forcim Kola

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10890; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410890 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

As sustainability becomes central to tourism, tourists are no longer passive consumers but active stakeholders who influence organizational behavior. This study investigates how green consumer behavior (GCB) shapes expectations for employee green competencies and organizational sustainability strategy (OSS). Data were collected through a [...] Read more.

As sustainability becomes central to tourism, tourists are no longer passive consumers but active stakeholders who influence organizational behavior. This study investigates how green consumer behavior (GCB) shapes expectations for employee green competencies and organizational sustainability strategy (OSS). Data were collected through a structured survey of 326 domestic tourists in Albania. Green skills expectation (GSE) was modeled as a latent construct derived from two observed variables: green loyalty and brand image, and willingness to support sustainability. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analysis (EFA), K-means clustering and structural equation modeling (SEM). GCB significantly predicted both OSS and GSE, confirming that green tourists influence how organizations structure and communicate their sustainability practices. Cluster analysis identified two consumer profiles: committed eco-tourists and green-adaptive tourists. This study advances current understanding of how tourists act as external agents of internal organizational change. It extends the theoretical discourse on green marketing and sustainable workforce development by positioning tourist expectations as a driver of human resource transformation. The findings offer meaningful implications for tourism operators, educators and policymakers seeking to align employee training and service delivery with the demands of sustainability-oriented travelers. In this way, the study bridges the gap between consumer behavior and workforce development, contributing to a more integrated approach to sustainable tourism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Toward Sustainable Tourism: Management Practices and Customer Experiences)

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23 pages, 2592 KB

Open AccessArticle

Reinforcement Learning-Based Vehicle Control in Mixed-Traffic Environments with Driving Style-Aware Trajectory Prediction

by Xiaopeng Zhang, Lin Wang, Yipeng Zhang and Zewei Feng

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10889; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410889 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

The heterogeneity of human driving styles in mixed-traffic environments manifests as divergent decision-making behaviors in complex scenarios like highway merging. By accurately recognizing these driving styles and predicting corresponding trajectories, autonomous vehicles can enhance safety, improve traffic efficiency, and concurrently achieve fuel savings [...] Read more.

The heterogeneity of human driving styles in mixed-traffic environments manifests as divergent decision-making behaviors in complex scenarios like highway merging. By accurately recognizing these driving styles and predicting corresponding trajectories, autonomous vehicles can enhance safety, improve traffic efficiency, and concurrently achieve fuel savings in highway merging scenarios. This paper proposes a novel framework wherein a clustering algorithm first establishes statistical priors of driving styles. These priors are then integrated into a Model Predictive Control (MPC) model that leverages Bayesian inference to generate a probability-aware trajectory prediction. Finally, this predicted trajectory is embedded as a component of the state input to a reinforcement learning agent, which is trained using an Actor–Critic architecture to learn the optimal control policy. Experimental results validate the significant superiority of the proposed framework. Under the most challenging high-density traffic scenarios, our method boosts the evaluation reward by 11.26% and the average speed by 10.08% compared to the baseline Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) algorithm. This advantage also persists in low-density scenarios, where a steady 10.60% improvement in evaluation reward is achieved. These findings confirm that the proposed integrated approach provides an effective decision-making solution for autonomous vehicles, capable of substantially enhancing interaction safety and traffic efficiency in emerging mixed-traffic environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Transportation Systems for Sustainable Transportation Management)

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21 pages, 433 KB

Open AccessReview

University-Led Entrepreneurial Resilience Networks: An Integrated Developmental Entrepreneurship Resiliency Framework

by Wesley R. Stewart and Bruce E. Winston

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10888; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410888 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

In this study, we propose the Integrated Developmental Entrepreneurship Resiliency Framework (IDERF), a conceptual model positioning universities as orchestrators of stakeholder networks for entrepreneurial resilience and sustainability. Review and analysis of historical and contemporary research revealed gaps in existing approaches to sustainable entrepreneurship. [...] Read more.

In this study, we propose the Integrated Developmental Entrepreneurship Resiliency Framework (IDERF), a conceptual model positioning universities as orchestrators of stakeholder networks for entrepreneurial resilience and sustainability. Review and analysis of historical and contemporary research revealed gaps in existing approaches to sustainable entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education has evolved from isolated curricula to formal programs that incorporate experiential learning and multilateral institutional access, which appreciably enhance entrepreneurial resilience and venture longevity. The integration of resilience theory with entrepreneurship research has identified multi-level sustainment factors across the disciplines of psychology, organizational theory, and structural economic development. The IDERF addresses this limitation by adapting the triple helix model to a quadruple helix framework that encompasses academia, government, industry, and community stakeholders. Our proposed conceptual framework was developed through conceptual synthesis based on a structured literature review of 212 publications on university-led entrepreneurship programs and entrepreneur sustainability and resilience since 1940. Our findings revealed the need for more resiliency-focused entrepreneurship program designs, synthesis between resilience and sustainability education, analysis of educational program impacts on business development sustainability, and practical entrepreneur training in real-world economic contexts. The resulting IDERF encompasses five dimensions of adaptive entrepreneurial capacity, stakeholder governance, economic transformation, social–environmental integration, and institutional reform as novel components of entrepreneurial resilience and sustainability. We propose an integrated mixed-methods research agenda that includes proposed research questions to instigate the development of measurement frameworks and cross-cultural validation to empirically test the IDERF’s effectiveness in fostering entrepreneurial resilience across diverse contexts and economic regions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Resilience: Academia’s Critical Role in Education, Research, and Community Engagement)

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33 pages, 2261 KB

Open AccessReview

Citrus Waste Valorization: Unconventional Pathways for Sustainable Biomaterials and Bioactive Products

by Valeria Olmedo-Galarza, Nicolás Pinto-Mosquera, Holguer Pineda-Flores and Luis Manosalvas-Quiroz

Sustainability 2025, 17(24), 10887; https://doi.org/10.3390/su172410887 - 5 Dec 2025

Abstract

Citrus fruits are among the most important global crops, with annual production exceeding 160 million tons. Processing produces significant waste, mainly peels, seeds, and pulp, which can make up to fifty percent of the fruit’s mass. This review critically examines innovative ways to [...] Read more.

Citrus fruits are among the most important global crops, with annual production exceeding 160 million tons. Processing produces significant waste, mainly peels, seeds, and pulp, which can make up to fifty percent of the fruit’s mass. This review critically examines innovative ways to valorize these byproducts. Recent research shows that peels, seeds, and pulp can be converted into high-value materials, including biocomposites and biomaterials, marking a shift from traditional uses like animal feed and biogas production. Notable innovations include smart packaging, pectin-based wound dressings, and biodegradable polymers for sustainable electronics. Advanced green extraction methods, such as deep eutectic solvents, have achieved extraction yields over 85% for flavonoids. Additionally, multifunctional biorefineries processing citrus and olive residues have increased biogas yields by 38–42%. The review explores emerging applications in nanotechnology, nutraceuticals, biodegradable polymers, and functional coatings, all aligned with principles of circular economy and green chemistry. These advances suggest that citrus waste can play a significant role in sustainability efforts and new market development. The review also discusses barriers to adoption, including scalability challenges, regulatory limits, and consumer acceptance, from both global and regional viewpoints. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioeconomy of Sustainability)

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Sustainability, Volume 17, Issue 24 (December-2 2025) – 32 articles

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