Sustainability

14 pages, 921 KB

Open AccessArticle

Prospective Teachers’ Metaphorical Perceptions of Sustainability

by Ayşe Ülkü Kan and Esra Yel

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2667; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052667 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 408

This research aims to examine how the concept of sustainability is understood through metaphors. The research was conducted in accordance with qualitative research principles. The study group was determined using criterion sampling and consisted of 160 prospective teachers studying at a university who [...] Read more.

This research aims to examine how the concept of sustainability is understood through metaphors. The research was conducted in accordance with qualitative research principles. The study group was determined using criterion sampling and consisted of 160 prospective teachers studying at a university who had taken and completed the “Sustainable Development and Education” course. Research data were collected through forms containing the statement, “Sustainability is similar to … Because …”. The data were analyzed through metaphor analysis within a content analysis framework. In total, 160 valid metaphors related to sustainability were identified and organized into three conceptual categories. The results indicate that prospective teachers primarily perceived sustainability in environmental terms, with comparatively less emphasis placed on economic and social dimensions. In addition, sustainability was frequently interpreted as a responsibility to future generations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 1810 KB

Open AccessArticle

Going Live, Going Alive: The Transformative Power of Digital Capital in Sustainable Tourism Development

by Manfei Yao, Sedigheh Moghavvemi and Thinaranjeney A/P Thirumoorthi

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2666; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052666 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 407

Abstract

In the digital era, even the most remote communities are increasingly connected to global networks. However, a critical question persists: how can such connectivity translate into tangible economic growth and sustainable development for isolated mountainous villages? Guided by the sustainable livelihood framework, this [...] Read more.

In the digital era, even the most remote communities are increasingly connected to global networks. However, a critical question persists: how can such connectivity translate into tangible economic growth and sustainable development for isolated mountainous villages? Guided by the sustainable livelihood framework, this study investigates how digital capital—specifically the use of social media to showcase a village’s natural and cultural assets—drives tourism development and improves local livelihoods. Focusing on Dazhai Village in China, a rural community that gained substantial online attention and tourism inflow through social media promotion, this research employs qualitative methods, including 17 semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and matrix coding techniques via NVivo 12 Plus. Findings reveal that the introduction of digital capital enhances village visibility, stimulates tourist interest, and initiates a development trajectory describe as “going live.” In contrast, “going alive” refers to the process of revitalizing a once abandoned, impoverished mountain village, enabling it to survive and thrive once more. However, the sustainability of this trajectory is fragile as the departure of influential digital promoters can deplete digital capital, undermining diminishing online engagement and risking renewed marginalization. To transform “going live” into “going alive,” remote communities must continuously adapt and reinforce their online presence to secure long-term stakeholders’ engagement and resilient tourism flows. An interesting finding of this study is that the village achieved regenerative tourism, whereby its environmental conditions improved as a result of tourism development. This unexpected outcome was facilitated by sustained visibility, both online and offline, which prompted residents to place greater emphasis on environmental protection. This study enriches the sustainable livelihoods framework by integrating digital capital and regenerative tourism into the understanding of livelihood assets and outcomes in remote settings. Ultimately, it underscores the transformative potential of digital capital in revitalizing “hollowed-out” villages, offering a strategic pathway for remote communities to reclaim their developmental agency and achieve sustainable rural revitalization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Regional Tourism)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 14153 KB

Open AccessArticle

Sustainability-Oriented Multi-Objective Low-Carbon Dispatch for an Electricity–Hydrogen Coupling Multi-Microgrid

by Zhiming Lu, Shuai Geng and Jiayu Wang

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2665; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052665 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 285

Abstract

To enhance the sustainable operation of electricity–hydrogen coupling multi-microgrids (EHCMMG), this study proposes a multi-objective dispatch optimization framework driven by electricity price prediction. Although EHCMMG plays a vital role in renewable energy integration and multi-energy synergy, three major sustainability-related research gaps remain: insufficient [...] Read more.

To enhance the sustainable operation of electricity–hydrogen coupling multi-microgrids (EHCMMG), this study proposes a multi-objective dispatch optimization framework driven by electricity price prediction. Although EHCMMG plays a vital role in renewable energy integration and multi-energy synergy, three major sustainability-related research gaps remain: insufficient consideration of cross-regional, multi-market, and multi-stakeholder interests; inadequate electricity–hydrogen demand response mechanisms; and limited investigation of uncertainty modeling that balances economy and security. To address these issues, this study first designs an EHCMMG architecture that supports electric-hydrogen interactions both within and outside the cluster. An electricity price prediction-driven multi-objective dispatch optimization model oriented toward multiple stakeholders is then proposed. This model incorporates incentive-based electricity–hydrogen demand response and constraints on carbon emissions. Moreover, operational uncertainties arising from renewable energy generation are addressed through the coordinated integration of spinning reserve capacity constraint and chance-constrained programming. The results show that the cluster cost, the market integrated operator (MIO) net revenue, user energy cost, and total carbon emissions are CNY 17.502 million, CNY 12.684 million, CNY 5.556 million, and 8168.126 tons in baseline scenario, respectively. The proposed model effectively balances economic efficiency, operational reliability, and low-carbon performance, thereby enhancing the overall sustainability of the EHCMMG. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 3001 KB

Open AccessArticle

Living in an Exclave: Cross-Border Interaction and Sustainable Development in Musandam Governorate, Sultanate of Oman

by Montasser Abdelghani, Noura Al Nasiri, Talal Al-Awadhi, Ali Al-Balushi and Ammar Abulibdeh

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2664; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052664 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 668

Abstract

Geographical exclaves face distinctive development challenges as spatial separation creates cross-border dependencies and institutional vulnerabilities. Musandam Governorate, Oman’s exclave separated from the mainland by United Arab Emirates (UAE) territory, exemplifies how exclave status shapes development trajectories, cross-border interactions, and population resilience. This study [...] Read more.

Geographical exclaves face distinctive development challenges as spatial separation creates cross-border dependencies and institutional vulnerabilities. Musandam Governorate, Oman’s exclave separated from the mainland by United Arab Emirates (UAE) territory, exemplifies how exclave status shapes development trajectories, cross-border interactions, and population resilience. This study examines Musandam’s socio-economic dynamics, development patterns, and cross-border relationships, addressing gaps in understanding how exclave residents navigate spatial discontinuity while maintaining mainland and cross-border connections. Mixed methods combined quantitative assessment using the adapted Vera Carstairs Index (VCI) across seven domains (education, skills, employment, housing, living environment, household facilities, health) with qualitative fieldwork spanning four campaigns (2019–2023). Semi-structured interviews with 47 residents across all four wilayaat (provinces), complemented by citizen science approaches engaging twelve community participants, documented mobility patterns and cross-border transactions. Secondary data from the 2010 Population Census and national statistics provided contextual depth. Findings reveal two of four Musandam wilayaat (Daba and Khasab) ranking in the lower half nationally, with low health scores (ranks 1 and 9) and education institution deficits reflecting structural integration into transnational economic and services systems. COVID-19 border closures amplified pre-existing dependencies, converting eight-month isolation into a humanitarian crisis with food shortages, medicine unavailability, and social fragmentation. Residents maintain stronger functional connections with UAE cities than with mainland Oman despite preserving national identity. Policy implications emphasize six strategic priorities: higher education institutions, transportation infrastructure, marine fisheries development, tourism enhancement, small-medium enterprise facilitation, and residential land provision. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability in Geographic Science)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

45 pages, 6030 KB

Open AccessArticle

An Open-Source Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Model to Assess the Environmental Impacts of IGBT Power Semiconductor Manufacturing

by Thomas Guillemet, Pierre-Yves Pichon and Nicolas Degrenne

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052663 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 507

Abstract

While sustainability is set as a goal by a broad range of international organizations, its definition varies, and there is still a lack of practical criteria for product designers to evaluate the degree of (un)sustainability in the design phase. Life cycle assessment (LCA) [...] Read more.

While sustainability is set as a goal by a broad range of international organizations, its definition varies, and there is still a lack of practical criteria for product designers to evaluate the degree of (un)sustainability in the design phase. Life cycle assessment (LCA) can allow quantification of the environmental impacts of a product but is often carried out post-design, when the manufacturing process is already settled. Finally, while significant advances have been made towards standardizing LCA calculations by providing product category rules, large uncertainties remain in the calculation results due to a lack of transparency regarding the choices of databases, system boundaries, allocation, cut-off rules, and level of data granularity. A practical way to improve in those areas is to share with the semiconductor community a parametrizable life cycle inventory (LCI) model based on a target device to (1) identify knowledge gaps in LCA methods for such products, (2) identify the main process variables, and (3) provide a starting point for LCA calculations by the designers themselves. With this aim, a parametrizable cradle-to-gate manufacturing LCI model was developed based on the peer-reviewed process flow of a trench field-stop silicon insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) semiconductor power device. The model allows computation of the environmental impacts of the IGBT manufacturing process based on different tunable parameters such as die size, wafer diameter, manufacturing yield, abatement efficiency, wafer fab throughput, wafer fab location, and associated electricity mix. Embedding a high level of data granularity, it helps identify, at elementary process levels, key environmental hotspots and associated technical levers for their reduction. Analysis of the IGBT manufacturing process tends to demonstrate the importance of an impact assessment approach considering multiple environmental categories, going beyond the sole focus on greenhouse gas emissions and accounting for potential transfers of impact. With an open-source mindset and in a continuous improvement prospective, the manufacturing inventory model and its associated tools are freely available from a public GitHub repository and open for comments and consolidation from users. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 925 KB

Open AccessArticle

Socioeconomic and Cognitive Determinants of Biochar Implementation in Tropical Land Management: A Case Study from Rural Costa Rica

by Erica Porato and Rasoul Yousefpour

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2662; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052662 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 301

Abstract

Biochar presents an opportunity for soil productivity enhancement and carbon sequestration, yet its adoption in Neotropics remains limited. This study assessed biochar production feasibility, chemical composition, and structural constraints influencing adoption among farmers in Costa Rica. Biochar was produced using a Kon-Tiki kiln [...] Read more.

Biochar presents an opportunity for soil productivity enhancement and carbon sequestration, yet its adoption in Neotropics remains limited. This study assessed biochar production feasibility, chemical composition, and structural constraints influencing adoption among farmers in Costa Rica. Biochar was produced using a Kon-Tiki kiln from Vochysia guatemalensis and Vochysia ferruginea, achieving carbon stability levels of 85.3% and 82.5%, respectively. A survey of 39 farmers examined biochar knowledge, farm characteristics, and perceived barriers to adoption. Logistic regression was used to identify key predictors of adoption, and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) examined relationships among categorical survey responses. Results showed that 68.4% of farmers lacked prior biochar knowledge, education levels varied, and farm sizes were predominantly small (64.1% < 10 ha). Logistic regression revealed significant associations between farm size and woody residues as a primary waste product (p = 0.017) and between education level and biochar awareness (p = 0.048). MCA explained 55% of the total variance, with adoption potential and structural barriers represented along separate dimensions. Interest in biochar, particularly for fertilizer use and carbon sequestration, aligned with adoption potential. These findings highlight the need for training, cooperative equipment-sharing models, and financial incentives to support biochar adoption and Costa Rica’s carbon neutrality objectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bioeconomy of Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 632 KB

Open AccessArticle

Strengthening Production Systems in Social Organizations: Application of IRA Principles and the WWP Model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative

by Mauricio Ortuño, Ricardo Grunauer, Milagros Panta and Xavier Negrillo

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2661; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052661 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 220

Abstract

The overall objective of the study was to propose the application of the IRA principles and the WWP model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative, with the aim of strengthening its production and management system without compromising its social identity. To this end, a mixed [...] Read more.

The overall objective of the study was to propose the application of the IRA principles and the WWP model in the Tejemujeres Cooperative, with the aim of strengthening its production and management system without compromising its social identity. To this end, a mixed descriptive and explanatory methodology was used. Surveys were conducted among the organization’s 110 members, and focus groups were conducted with internal and external stakeholders, in addition to a review of documents and bibliographic sources. This revealed structural limitations in the production system, such as a shortage of raw materials, low innovation, marketing difficulties, and limited technical training. However, the perception of economic sustainability remained positive, thanks to the social and cultural cohesion of the cooperative. Likewise, most of the members expressed openness to incorporating IRA principles and the WWP model, highlighting training, active participation in decision-making, strengthening internal governance, and creating commercial networks as priorities. In conclusion, it was determined that Tejemujeres’ main strength lies in its community identity and human capital, rather than in traditional economic indicators. The proposed theoretical frameworks were found to be relevant and adaptable to the context of the organization. Finally, a hybrid strategy is proposed that combines the participatory flexibility of the WWP model with the methodological rigor of the IRA principles, which will enable the cooperative to consolidate an innovative, sustainable, and culturally legitimate production system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Rural Development Projects: Diversity and Opportunities from Principles of Responsible Investment in Agriculture and Food Systems)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 859 KB

Open AccessArticle

Fostering Technical and Sustainability Competencies Through an Integrated PBL Approach in an Undergraduate Mechanical Vibration Course

by Yuee Zhao, Hai Dong and Xufang Zhang

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2660; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052660 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 202

Abstract

Engineering education requires pedagogical approaches that integrate sustainability with the development of core technical competencies. This study develops, implements, and evaluates a Sustainability-Integrated Problem-Based Learning (SI-PBL) approach in an undergraduate mechanical vibration course. The approach anchors the learning process in the inherent sustainability [...] Read more.

Engineering education requires pedagogical approaches that integrate sustainability with the development of core technical competencies. This study develops, implements, and evaluates a Sustainability-Integrated Problem-Based Learning (SI-PBL) approach in an undergraduate mechanical vibration course. The approach anchors the learning process in the inherent sustainability characteristics of an engineering problem, requiring students to explicitly negotiate trade-offs between technical performance and sustainability objectives. A quasi-experimental study with 121 mechanical engineering students compared the SI-PBL approach to traditional lecture-based instruction through a compressor redesign project in which students redesigned the balancing system of a single-stage air compressor. Analysis of covariance showed that the SI-PBL cohort achieved significantly larger gains in conceptual understanding (

d = 0.74

,

p < 0.001

), mathematical proficiency (

d = 0.77

,

p < 0.001

), complex problem-solving (

d = 0.56

,

p < 0.001

), and sustainability-oriented decision-making (

d = 0.61

,

p < 0.001

). A positive correlation between gains in complex problem-solving and sustainability reasoning within the SI-PBL group (

r = 0.41

,

p = 0.001

) indicated related competency development. The study provides empirical evidence for using sustainability as an integrating context for developing both technical and sustainability competencies in engineering education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2154 KB

Open AccessReview

Modern Energy Storage Methods and Technologies: Comparison, Case Study and Analysis of the Impact on Power Grid Stabilization

by Tomasz Kozakowski, Michał Kozioł, Adam Koniuszy and Krzysztof Tkaczyk

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2659; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052659 - 9 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 606

Abstract

This review synthesizes recent progress in modern energy storage technologies and proposes a selection-oriented comparison for power-system stabilization. Technologies are grouped into electrochemical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal storage, and evaluated using harmonized criteria (power and energy capability, response time, round-trip efficiency, lifetime, cost [...] Read more.

This review synthesizes recent progress in modern energy storage technologies and proposes a selection-oriented comparison for power-system stabilization. Technologies are grouped into electrochemical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal storage, and evaluated using harmonized criteria (power and energy capability, response time, round-trip efficiency, lifetime, cost proxies, and maturity level). A comparative dataset and use-case mapping are used to link technology characteristics to grid services, with emphasis on voltage support, operational durability, and waste-heat utilization. The analysis highlights pumped-storage hydropower as the most robust option for long-duration, high-capacity applications, while battery energy storage systems are best suited for fast ancillary services, provided that cycle life, safety, and system integration constraints are met. Finally, the review discusses current technology trends (e.g., LFP and sodium-ion deployment, solid-state development, and commercialization barriers for lithium-sulfur) and identifies evidence-based directions for future research and deployment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Optimizing Thermal Design in Energy Storage Systems—2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 279 KB

Open AccessArticle

Regulatory Volatility and Economic Growth in Europe: Heterogeneous Effects Across Institutional Development Stages

by Goran Lalić and Dragana Trifunović

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2658; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052658 - 9 Mar 2026

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 323

Abstract

Institutions are widely recognized as a key determinant of long-run economic growth, yet empirical research has predominantly focused on institutional levels rather than institutional stability over time. This study examines whether regulatory volatility—conceptualized as a dynamic dimension of institutional stability—is associated with economic [...] Read more.

Institutions are widely recognized as a key determinant of long-run economic growth, yet empirical research has predominantly focused on institutional levels rather than institutional stability over time. This study examines whether regulatory volatility—conceptualized as a dynamic dimension of institutional stability—is associated with economic growth across 32 European economies over the period 2004–2023. Regulatory volatility is measured using rolling five-year standard deviations of the Regulatory Quality indicator from the Worldwide Governance Indicators, allowing institutional stability to vary within countries over time while avoiding forward-looking bias. The empirical strategy relies on fixed-effects panel models with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors to account for unobserved heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence. The results indicate that regulatory volatility is negatively associated with economic growth within European Union economies, while the relationship appears weaker and heterogeneous in Western Balkan transition countries. A one standard deviation increase in regulatory volatility is associated with an economically meaningful reduction in annual per capita growth. These findings suggest that sustainable economic performance may depend not only on the level of institutional quality but also on the stability and predictability of regulatory frameworks over time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

19 pages, 1146 KB

Open AccessArticle

Measurement and Analysis of Green Transition Level in Resource-Based Cities—A Case Study of Shanxi Province

by Qin Li, Wenao Liu, Runhao Zhang, Wenlong Li, Yijun Liu and Lixin Jia

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2657; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052657 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 357

Abstract

This study establishes an evaluation index system for the Green Transition Level of resource-based cities in Shanxi Province from four aspects: economy, society, resources, and ecology. It describes the temporal and spatial variations in the Green Transition Level of these cities, reveals the [...] Read more.

This study establishes an evaluation index system for the Green Transition Level of resource-based cities in Shanxi Province from four aspects: economy, society, resources, and ecology. It describes the temporal and spatial variations in the Green Transition Level of these cities, reveals the disparities among them, and analyzes the differences and underlying reasons in the changes in the Green Transition Level across different types of resource-based cities based on a reclassification. The research results indicate that economic development is the most significant factor affecting the Green Transition Level of resource-based cities. During the period of 2015–2023, the Green Transition Level of most resource-based cities in Shanxi Province experienced substantial growth, with northern resource-based cities demonstrating faster green development. Furthermore, the overall Green Transition Level of developing, potential, and declining resource-based cities all improved to varying degrees during this period, whereas the Green Transition Level of shrinking resource-based cities showed no improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1576 KB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions and Potential: How Artisanal Food Businesses View Themselves in the Context of Food Upcycling

by Henning Schulte, Jevana Röhl, Josephina Tralle Scherbanjow, Sibylle Mühlbrodt, Urte Schleyerbach and Sabine Bornkessel

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052656 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 344

Abstract

This study explores the self-perception of small-scale artisanal food enterprises and their potential for food upcycling as a sustainable strategy to reduce food waste. The primary aim is to identify the characteristics of artisanal food production and to assess innovative uses for waste [...] Read more.

This study explores the self-perception of small-scale artisanal food enterprises and their potential for food upcycling as a sustainable strategy to reduce food waste. The primary aim is to identify the characteristics of artisanal food production and to assess innovative uses for waste materials. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight enterprises from various sectors (bakeries, breweries, ice cream manufacturers, and dairies) to gain insights into the artisanal food sector and their handling of residual materials. Findings reveal a strong reliance of artisanal food businesses on traditional manufacturing methods and manual labor, resulting in high-quality, unique products. Moreover, there is notable potential for food upcycling, even though most of the enterprises already try to use most of their side streams in different ways. This study indicates that through a combination of tradition and innovation, artisanal food production can contribute to sustainability. The results provide valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers aiming to develop a definition of the food craft sector. Further research is recommended to quantify the economic and environmental benefits of upcycling strategies in artisanal contexts as well as to establish a definition of the food craft. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Food Systems: Pathways to the Future)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 887 KB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Waste-Plastic Pyrolysis Oil as a Potential Feedstock for Lubricant Base Oil Production via Hydroprocessing

by Jung Hee Jang, Hyun Ji Kim, Jin Ho Kim, Ji Eun Lee, Hyun Sung Jang and Suk Hwan Kang

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2655; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052655 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 383

Abstract

The environmental concerns associated with the excessive use and improper disposal of plastic waste have led to increased interest in chemical recycling methods such as pyrolysis. In this study, waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) was evaluated as a potential feedstock to produce high-quality [...] Read more.

The environmental concerns associated with the excessive use and improper disposal of plastic waste have led to increased interest in chemical recycling methods such as pyrolysis. In this study, waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) was evaluated as a potential feedstock to produce high-quality feedstock for lubricant base oils through hydroprocessing. WPPO was obtained via the thermal degradation of waste plastic at 400 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere using a 2 t/day pyrolysis reactor. The physicochemical properties of WPPO were analyzed, including the sulfur, chlorine, and metal contents. A series of Pt-supported catalysts based on different acidic supports (SAPO-11, SAPO-34, and Zeolite Y100) was prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by BET, XRD, and TPD techniques. The hydroprocessing reactions were conducted under varying temperature and pressure conditions to evaluate conversion and optimize product selectivity. The catalysts exhibited different surface areas, pore structures, and acidity profiles, which directly impacted their hydroprocessing performance. The results demonstrate that Pt/Y-100 exhibited the best upgrading performance among the tested catalysts, achieving an olefin-to-paraffin conversion of over 88.65% with a dominant paraffinic hydrocarbon distribution in the C15–C25 range under optimal conditions (300 °C and 40 bar). The results demonstrate that the conversion of olefins to paraffins in WPPO can be effectively controlled by tuning the reaction conditions and catalyst. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Environmental Management of Waste Plastic: Purification, Multi-Path Utilization, Contaminant Control, and Governance Policy)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 14068 KB

Open AccessArticle

Utilizing Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence for Drought Monitoring and Net Ecosystem Productivity Response in Northwest China

by Lianxin Zhao, Qiang Bie, Wenyu Yao, Hongwei Zhang and Huajun Liang

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2654; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052654 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 326

Abstract

Against the backdrop of global change, frequent and severe droughts pose major threats to ecosystems, and quantifying ecosystem anomalies driven by hydrothermal stress remains challenging. Based on this, we propose a drought-monitoring framework centered on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and develop an SIF-based [...] Read more.

Against the backdrop of global change, frequent and severe droughts pose major threats to ecosystems, and quantifying ecosystem anomalies driven by hydrothermal stress remains challenging. Based on this, we propose a drought-monitoring framework centered on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and develop an SIF-based Vegetation Health Index (SHI) to improve monitoring performance. Compared with existing SIF-based drought indices (e.g., TFDI and TSWDI), SHI provides a more direct representation of photosynthetic stress, making it more suitable for elucidating drought-response mechanisms. In addition, we use net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to represent carbon sequestration and apply multiple correlation analyses to investigate NEP responses to drought and their spatiotemporal differentiation across vegetation types. Results indicate an overall wetting trend in the study region during 2001–2024, and SIF-based indices perform better in characterizing drought and vegetation responses. The dominant coupling scale between NEP and drought is annual, with an overall lag of 0–3 months: croplands show the strongest coherence and the shortest lag (0–1 month), grasslands are intermediate, and forests show longer lags (2–5 months) as well as a more persistent response window. This study highlights SHI’s advantages for drought monitoring and carbon sink diagnostics, supporting differentiated drought mitigation and management in NWC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Sustainability: Hydrology, Soil, and Vegetal Resilience Under Climate Change)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 658 KB

Open AccessArticle

Intelligent Risk Early Warning Model for Coupling Risk of Oil Pump Pipeline System in Station Under Soft Soil Foundation Conditions Based on ABC-XGBoost Algorithm

by Shengyang Yu, Xiangsong Feng, Liwen Chen, Qingqing Xu and Shaohua Dong

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2653; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052653 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 228

Abstract

With rapid economic development in China’s coastal regions, more oil stations are being built on soft soil foundations, facing risks such as foundation settlement and pipeline failures. Mechanical vibrations of oil pumps can induce resonance in pipelines, leading to rupture, leakage, and fire [...] Read more.

With rapid economic development in China’s coastal regions, more oil stations are being built on soft soil foundations, facing risks such as foundation settlement and pipeline failures. Mechanical vibrations of oil pumps can induce resonance in pipelines, leading to rupture, leakage, and fire or explosion, threatening both safety and sustainable operation. Traditional monitoring methods, relying on physical models or data-driven approaches alone, are limited in capturing these coupled risks. This study proposes an ABC-XGBoost hybrid risk warning model, where the artificial bee colony algorithm optimizes XGBoost hyperparameters (iteration number, tree depth, learning rate) to improve predictive accuracy. By using multidimensional data—such as internal pressure, vibration amplitude, and ground settlement—the model evaluates stress and resonance risks in real time, supporting sustainable safety management. Validation with real station data shows an accuracy of 95.22%, 2.61% higher than the unoptimized model, demonstrating effective early warning and contribution to sustainable pipeline operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

1 pages, 127 KB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Malaj et al. Young Educated Residents’ Support for Tourism Development in Saudi Arabia: The Mediating Role of Destination Image and National Identity. Sustainability 2026, 18, 1629

by Ardita Malaj, Altin Hoti and Nizamettin Bayyurt

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052652 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 225

Abstract

The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper [...] Full article

23 pages, 1096 KB

Open AccessArticle

Strategic Interaction of Online Travel Platforms: Cancellation Policies Under Heterogeneous Reputation Sensitivity

by Jinlong Fan, Wuyong Qian and Chunyi Ji

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052651 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 268

Abstract

The sustainable development of online travel platforms relies on consumer trust and a healthy ecosystem. However, challenging cancellation policies have become a significant issue, threatening the industry’s sustainability. Existing research often analyzes cancellation policies from a short-term profit perspective, lacking a dynamic evolutionary [...] Read more.

The sustainable development of online travel platforms relies on consumer trust and a healthy ecosystem. However, challenging cancellation policies have become a significant issue, threatening the industry’s sustainability. Existing research often analyzes cancellation policies from a short-term profit perspective, lacking a dynamic evolutionary analysis. This study employs evolutionary game theory and the Hotelling model, introducing heterogeneity in reputation loss sensitivity to explore how platforms evolve optimal cancellation policies between strict and lenient policies. We find that in markets with low reliance on reputation, platforms tend to adopt differentiated policies, making it difficult for the equilibrium to be unified and lenient. As reputation becomes more important, the market exhibits policy imitation or differentiation, both of which are significantly influenced by user loyalty. In highly competitive environments, reputation becomes central, and even reputation-insensitive platforms may adopt lenient policies to gain market share. Notably, increased user loyalty drives the market toward more lenient cancellation policies. This research provides a theoretical basis for platforms to formulate sustainable policies in dynamic competition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Decision-Making Processes for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs))

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 3987 KB

Open AccessReview

Synergizing Lean Healthcare and Industry 4.0 Technologies for Sustainable Healthcare Transformation: A Literature Review

by Chaymae Marjane, Mohamed Saad Bajjou and Anas Chafi

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2650; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052650 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 434

Abstract

Due to the significant challenges faced by healthcare systems, medical establishments strive to set the tone by integrating new concepts to bridge this gap. Here, Lean Healthcare (LH) has been inspired by Lean Management (LM). Utilizing LM to optimize industrial processes and reduce [...] Read more.

Due to the significant challenges faced by healthcare systems, medical establishments strive to set the tone by integrating new concepts to bridge this gap. Here, Lean Healthcare (LH) has been inspired by Lean Management (LM). Utilizing LM to optimize industrial processes and reduce waste presented a real opportunity to enhance the quality of medical services. For more improvement, healthcare systems pushed themselves to keep up with progress by implementing Industry 4.0 (I4.0) tools, such as IoT, Big Data analytics, and AI with LH and sustainability practices. The results promised better quality of care. Although this concept offers significant potential for more efficient workflows and optimizing medical processes, studies examining their combined implementation are still scarce. This research fills the gap via a literature review (LR) of peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. The review investigates the impact of integrating smart technologies into LH frameworks and highlights how LH contributes to sustainability across multiple dimensions: economic, social, technological and environmental. Key findings show the impact of combining advanced tools with lean principles by reducing waiting times (25%) and length of stay while also improving satisfaction. Sustainability-centered adaptations of LH incorporate social and environmental comparative parameters such as resource consumption, for instance, reducing operational costs by up to 30–40%. Many challenges were faced with this implementation, such as cultural, technical challenges (e.g., complexity of integration with digital systems), and sustainability barriers. However, to overcome these barriers, this paper proposes a holistic implementation that aligns lean processes with organizational change and sustainability goals. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1069 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Patterns and Socio-Economic Drivers of Wildlife-Related Loss in South Africa’s Agricultural–Conservation Interface

by Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela, Takalani Nelufule, Tinyiko Cavin Shivambu, Ndivhuwo Shivambu, Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi, Neville Pillay and Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2649; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052649 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 302

Abstract

This study quantifies spatial patterns and socio-economic drivers of wildlife-related losses at the agricultural–conservation interface in north-eastern South Africa. Using structured interviews with 249 farmers across five localities (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal), 173 respondents reported wildlife incursions. Crop damage was dominated by primates vervet [...] Read more.

This study quantifies spatial patterns and socio-economic drivers of wildlife-related losses at the agricultural–conservation interface in north-eastern South Africa. Using structured interviews with 249 farmers across five localities (Limpopo, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal), 173 respondents reported wildlife incursions. Crop damage was dominated by primates vervet monkeys and chacma baboons while leopards were the principal game/livestock predator. Subsistence households bore the heaviest burden: they accounted for most crop-raiding reports. They faced heightened food-security risks, whereas commercial operations suffered larger monetary losses but had greater capacity to deploy deterrents. Irrigation was associated with increased conflict incidence, and electrified fencing reduced losses for some subsistence farms but was not uniformly effective in high-risk localities. Larger household size correlated with greater exposure to incursions than small households. We recommend targeted, locality-specific, multi-species mitigation: prioritise support and maintenance for effective deterrents in vulnerable communal areas, integrate community engagement and monitoring, and align conservation policy with livelihood resilience to reduce inequitable impacts. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 5816 KB

Open AccessArticle

Construction and Optimization of Ecological Security Pattern Along Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway Based on Self-Organizing Map and Complex Network

by Zichao Song, Minzhe Fang, Jieyu Zhang, Jun Ma, Gang Li, Kaiguo Ge, Yuzong Gao, Jian Sun and Wenjie Shan

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2648; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052648 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 361

Abstract

As one of the most important transportation corridors in China, the long-term operation of the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway may lead to the fragmentation and fragility of the ecological pattern and an imbalance between the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the provinces [...] Read more.

As one of the most important transportation corridors in China, the long-term operation of the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway may lead to the fragmentation and fragility of the ecological pattern and an imbalance between the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the provinces along the line, thereby affecting ecological security. How to construct and optimize the ecological security pattern to address these issues is a challenging problem in the territorial spatial planning of the provinces along the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway. Complex networks serve as the primary approach for constructing ecological security frameworks, and the SOM model can objectively extract ecological source areas from the perspective of ecosystem service functional dimension. Therefore, this study combines the SOM model with complex network analysis methods to construct and optimize the ecological security pattern across seven provinces along the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway. The results show that, except for carbon sequestration, the other five types of ecosystem services (habitat quality, soil conservation, water purification, water production, and NPP) in the study area exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. The ecological network constructed in this study identified 335 source areas and extracted 334 ecological corridors. A comparative study of three edge addition schemes shows that the edge addition strategy based on betweenness centrality has the best optimization effect, adding 93 new corridors to the original ecological network. The ecological security pattern constructed in this study provides an important reference for territorial spatial planning and for constructing forestry and grassland ecological restoration projects in the seven provinces along the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway, thereby contributing to the region’s ecological sustainable development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Services Management Towards Sustainable Development Goals)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 4555 KB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Spatiotemporal Knowledge Recommendation for Marine Storm Surge Based on a “Scenario–Response” Framework

by Tingting Hu, Chenglong Gong, Weihong Li and Yuanjin Li

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2647; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052647 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 236

Abstract

Marine storm surge disasters occur frequently with complex and variable scenarios, causing severe casualties and economic losses in coastal areas. However, existing research still has limitations in the integrated analysis of event chain and emergency plan knowledge, the efficiency and accuracy of disaster [...] Read more.

Marine storm surge disasters occur frequently with complex and variable scenarios, causing severe casualties and economic losses in coastal areas. However, existing research still has limitations in the integrated analysis of event chain and emergency plan knowledge, the efficiency and accuracy of disaster knowledge extraction, and the intelligence level of knowledge reasoning methods. To address these challenges, this study proposes a “scenario-response” knowledge reasoning method for marine storm surge disasters that integrates event chains and emergency plans. First, disaster event chains and emergency plan processes are structurally modeled to enable unified semantic representation, and a knowledge fusion mechanism is designed to integrate event chains with emergency response procedures. Second, an improved OSS-CasRel knowledge extraction model, enhanced with a domain-specific dictionary, is constructed to extract entities and relations from marine storm surge texts and to build a spatiotemporal knowledge graph. Third, a knowledge reasoning approach based on BERT and downstream text matching models is implemented to generate adaptive and visualized emergency response plans. Experimental results demonstrate that the OSS-CasRel model achieves an accuracy of 80% in entity and relation extraction; in the knowledge graph, the matching overlap rate between the “response” text generated by model reasoning and the original node information exceeds 90%. This study can effectively improve the intelligent emergency response capability for marine storm surge disasters and provide scientific support for emergency decision-making in coastal areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Oceans)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2696 KB

Open AccessArticle

Can Industrial Robotization Drive Sustainable Industrial Wastewater Governance in Developing Regions? Empirical Evidence from China

by Yushan Qiu, Xin Yang, Shijiao Huang and Congxian He

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2646; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052646 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 243

Abstract

The conflict between rapid industrialization and ecological deterioration constitutes a critical bottleneck for developing regions, particularly concerning industrial wastewater governance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether industrial robotization (IR) can break this deadlock. This study proposes the [...] Read more.

The conflict between rapid industrialization and ecological deterioration constitutes a critical bottleneck for developing regions, particularly concerning industrial wastewater governance. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate whether industrial robotization (IR) can break this deadlock. This study proposes the central hypothesis that adopting IR significantly mitigates industrial wastewater emissions (IWE). Utilizing comprehensive panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2013 to 2022, this proposition is rigorously tested using fixed effects models. The main results clearly demonstrate that IR acts as a robust suppressant against IWE. Importantly, mechanism verification shows that this pollution reduction effect is propelled by stimulating green patents and amplifying technical expenditure. The empirical evidence reveals distinct nonlinear features regarding how IR affects IWE. Crucially, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the emission reduction utility of IR becomes significantly more pronounced in territories with robust financial depth and targeted policy backing. Consequently, this study provides vital strategic blueprints for policymakers to leverage industrial automation to navigate the sustainability crisis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Challenges and Solutions of Sustainable Development in the Ecologically Sensitive Areas or Social Fringe Zones)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 8853 KB

Open AccessArticle

Parametric Study of Damping Ratio Estimation Using Ambiental Vibration Recordings

by Ruxandra-Gabriela Enache, George-Bogdan Nica, Georgiana Ionică and Ioana Alexandra Vînătoru

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2645; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052645 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 244

Abstract

Accurate estimation of structural damping is essential for seismic performance assessment and design for earthquake-resistant buildings. From a sustainability perspective, reliable evaluation of dynamic properties is crucial in extending the service life of existing structures and reducing the need for material-intensive interventions. Ambient [...] Read more.

Accurate estimation of structural damping is essential for seismic performance assessment and design for earthquake-resistant buildings. From a sustainability perspective, reliable evaluation of dynamic properties is crucial in extending the service life of existing structures and reducing the need for material-intensive interventions. Ambient vibration measurements enable non-invasive identification of damping characteristics, supporting sustainable assessment of the built environment. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic response of a four-story reinforced concrete structure. Ambient vibration recordings are obtained with Geodas Aquisition Station and one-second velocity sensors made by Butan Service And Tokio Soil Ltd., available from CERS (Seismic Risk Assessment Research Center) research center from TUCEB (Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest). The sensors were installed at the top level of the analyzed structure. The method used for estimating the damping ratio is the Random Decrement Technique (RDT). The influence of the several parameters involved in the method is investigated, such as the triggering value, the dimension of the time window sub-samples, and the number of cycles considered within a window relative to the natural period of the structure. For the analysis of the parameters specific to the RDT method, computational routines were developed using syntax compatible with OCTAVE/MATLAB R2019b. Filters were applied to isolate the natural vibration modes. The variability in the parameters demonstrates that the developed method is robust. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Civil Engineering: Innovative Methods for Structures, Elements and Materials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1079 KB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Public Infrastructure and Agricultural Modernization: Causal Evidence from the Broadband China Policy

by Xianghui Tian, Yawen Zhai and Zhaoming Sun

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2644; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052644 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 284

Abstract

Digital public infrastructure is increasingly viewed as a catalyst for rural and agricultural transformation, yet its structural impact on agricultural modernization remains insufficiently examined. Using the Broadband China policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this study applies a difference-in-differences framework to city-level panel data [...] Read more.

Digital public infrastructure is increasingly viewed as a catalyst for rural and agricultural transformation, yet its structural impact on agricultural modernization remains insufficiently examined. Using the Broadband China policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this study applies a difference-in-differences framework to city-level panel data to identify the causal effect of digital public infrastructure on agricultural modernization. The estimates indicate that digital infrastructure significantly advances agricultural modernization. Further analysis shows that the effect operates through enhanced technological innovation and strengthened economic agglomeration, suggesting that digital connectivity reshapes both productivity and spatial organization within the agricultural sector. The impact is more pronounced in regions with developed logistics systems and lower information frictions, underscoring the importance of complementary infrastructure and institutional conditions. By linking digital public infrastructure to structural agricultural transformation, this study extends the literature on digital development and provides policy insights for developing economies pursuing infrastructure-driven modernization strategies. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 4032 KB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Pore Water Saturation on Stray Current Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete in Urban Rail Transit Systems: An Experimental and Numerical Study

by Fangfang Xing, Chengtao Wang, Shaoyi Xu, Yingying Zong, Yuqiao Wang, Jianhua Zhang and Chenglin Zhao

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2643; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052643 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 190

Abstract

Stray currents pose a significant threat to the structural health and resilience of subway shield tunnels through the destructive effects of electrochemical corrosion, which is broadly recognized as one of the main obstacles to ensuring the sustainability of urban rail transit systems. Environmental [...] Read more.

Stray currents pose a significant threat to the structural health and resilience of subway shield tunnels through the destructive effects of electrochemical corrosion, which is broadly recognized as one of the main obstacles to ensuring the sustainability of urban rail transit systems. Environmental humidity can lead to variations in the pore water saturation of concrete structures. In the coupled environment of stray currents and pore water saturation, this condition exacerbates the corrosion of reinforced concrete, shortening its service life and jeopardizing the normal operation of subway systems. Given this, a combined study is carried out to explore the effect of pore water saturation on stray current corrosion of reinforced concrete through FEM-based simulation and experiment tests. The effect of pore water saturation on stray current corrosion is studied by varying applied potential and porosity. The study validates the influence of concrete porosity and voltage on the control ranges of pore water saturation corresponding to the various stages of stray current corrosion in reinforced concrete. Based on the simulation and experimental results, it is concluded that, under the same voltage conditions, an increase in the porosity of the reinforced concrete correlates with a greater severity of corrosion as pore water saturation increases. As the applied voltage increased from 2 V to 10 V, the pore water saturation range for iron oxidation shrank from 0–0.6 to 0–0.4, while the hydrogen evolution range expanded from 0.7–1 to 0.5–1. Pore water saturation influences the control mechanisms of electrochemical corrosion at various stages in reinforced concrete. Moreover, under each control mechanism, the control ranges of pore water saturation corresponding to the corrosion stages demonstrate sequential trends of contraction, movement towards lower saturation regions, and expansion as the applied voltage increases. The findings of the study contribute to the understanding of the intrinsic mechanisms underlying the service life extension of buried foundation structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Materials)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1219 KB

Open AccessArticle

Consumer Awareness on Sustainable Seafood in Hong Kong’s Supermarkets: Current Status and Potential Drivers

by Xiangping Dong, Siying Chen, Dingzhe Guo, Qingyang Wu, Cheuk Yu Hau and Tin Yan Hui

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2642; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052642 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 387

Abstract

Globally, sustainable seafood has become an important marketing means to promote sustainable fisheries practices. To support its production, however, characterising the consumer market, such as the demand, awareness and identification of sustainable products, is essential. This study investigated the current status of sustainable [...] Read more.

Globally, sustainable seafood has become an important marketing means to promote sustainable fisheries practices. To support its production, however, characterising the consumer market, such as the demand, awareness and identification of sustainable products, is essential. This study investigated the current status of sustainable seafood and consumer awareness in Hong Kong, a city with one of the highest levels of per capita seafood consumption in the world, using the framework of Cognitive-Behavioural Theory. By conducting market surveys across 18 supermarkets using a stratified and convenience sampling approach, as well as face-to-face questionnaires (n = 415) to assess consumer traits, we found that the availability of sustainable seafood was highly polarised, with a complete absence of ecolabelled seafood in low-end supermarkets and only limited availability (~17% in proportion) in mid- and high-end supermarkets. In terms of price, ecolabelled fish products were more expensive than those without certification labels, but ecolabelled molluscan products were cheaper. Consumer cognition, attitudes, and behaviours towards sustainable seafood varied with supermarket grade, with sustainable products being more aware of and accepted in high-end supermarkets than in other supermarkets. Both younger age and higher education were key demographic factors enhancing the cognition level on sustainable seafood. This research contributes a transferable framework for assessing sustainable consumption in high-density urban markets and identifies retailer-driven information barriers as a key constraint. We propose targeted strategies, including visual nudging and enhancing information transparency, to promote responsible consumption. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 274 KB

Open AccessArticle

Renewables Acceleration Areas—Will RED III Change the Role of Spatial Planning for a Sustainable Energy Transition?

by Leda Žilinskienė

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2641; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052641 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 375

Abstract

Renewable energy is a key driver of the sustainable energy transition. To accelerate deployment, the Renewable Energy Directive was amended by Directive (EU) 2023/2413, commonly referred to as ‘RED III’, which raised the Union’s renewable energy target and introduced territorial instruments such as [...] Read more.

Renewable energy is a key driver of the sustainable energy transition. To accelerate deployment, the Renewable Energy Directive was amended by Directive (EU) 2023/2413, commonly referred to as ‘RED III’, which raised the Union’s renewable energy target and introduced territorial instruments such as coordinated mapping and renewables acceleration areas. This article examines the legal mechanisms of RED III that have a territorial impact and assesses their interaction with spatial-planning, asking how implementation reshapes the relationship between EU-level regulatory influence and Member State discretion. Utilising doctrinal legal research and concepts from spatial-planning scholarship, the article analyses how RED III operationalises these area-based planning instruments and links them to project authorisation. Lithuania is used as an illustrative implementation example. The findings suggest that RED III does not establish an EU spatial-planning system but strengthens the territorially oriented governance of renewables by connecting plan-level choices to permitting. At the same time, it leaves Member States with substantial discretion over legal form and integration into national planning hierarchies. The article concludes that RED III is a turning point in a specific sense: it makes territorial steering a more explicit and legally structured component of EU renewables governance, without harmonising national spatial planning systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy as a Pillar of Sustainable Development—a Revolution Changing the World)

29 pages, 1042 KB

Open AccessArticle

Seismic Disruption and Maritime Carbon Emissions for Sustainability in Maritime Transportation: A Natural Experiment from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake

by Vahit Çalışır

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2640; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052640 - 9 Mar 2026

Viewed by 404

Abstract

Natural disasters disrupt maritime operations, yet their environmental consequences remain underexplored. This study quantifies CO₂ emission changes following the February 2023 İskenderun Bay earthquakes (7.6 Mwg and 7.5 Mwg) using AIS-derived port visit data and graph neural network modeling. Analyzing 25,837 port [...] Read more.

Natural disasters disrupt maritime operations, yet their environmental consequences remain underexplored. This study quantifies CO₂ emission changes following the February 2023 İskenderun Bay earthquakes (7.6 Mwg and 7.5 Mwg) using AIS-derived port visit data and graph neural network modeling. Analyzing 25,837 port visits across a 36-month period (January 2022–December 2024), we compared emissions during baseline (pre-earthquake), acute disruption (February–June 2023), and recovery phases. Results revealed a statistically significant 35.9% increase in per-visit CO₂ emissions during the acute phase (t = 11.79, p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.27), driven by extended port visit durations (from 77.87 to 105.82 h). Counterfactual analysis estimated 27,574 tonnes of excess CO₂ emissions directly attributable to earthquake disruption. Network analysis showed 23.8% reduction in edge density during the acute phase. The graph neural network (GNN) emission prediction model achieved R² = 0.985 (baseline) and R² = 0.997 (recovery) in predicting emission patterns, while acute phase showed predictability collapse (R² = −1.591). These findings demonstrate that seismic events generate sustainability-relevant externalities beyond immediate physical damage, and that quantifying disruption-driven excess emissions supports sustainability-oriented port resilience planning and more robust maritime emission accounting (e.g., under the EU MRV framework). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Shipping and Operational Strategies of Clean Energy)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 652 KB

Open AccessArticle

Agricultural Education’s Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Rural Development in China’s Shanghai

by Wangbei Ye and Sihao Zeng

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2639; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052639 - 8 Mar 2026

Viewed by 363

Abstract

This study explores the role of an agricultural education programme in achieving China’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting rural development. Sustainability development education, a key factor in achieving the SDGs, can be implemented through formal, non-formal, and informal education by promoting sustainable [...] Read more.

This study explores the role of an agricultural education programme in achieving China’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting rural development. Sustainability development education, a key factor in achieving the SDGs, can be implemented through formal, non-formal, and informal education by promoting sustainable development skills to understand and solve social, economic, and environmental problems. Semi-structured interviews and visits to agricultural education sites in a rural district of Shanghai revealed that stakeholders viewed the agricultural education programme as a rural development strategy and a means of achieving SDGs. While teachers highlighted the programme’s social transformation function, stakeholders participated for varied reasons and expanded their roles in the agricultural education network. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

35 pages, 999 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Measurement of Patent Conversion Efficiency in China’s High-Tech Industry Regions Based on a Shared Input Two-Stage Network DEA Model

by Tinggui Chen, Yesi Cheng and Jian Hou

Sustainability 2026, 18(5), 2638; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18052638 - 8 Mar 2026

Viewed by 434

Abstract

In the era of technological revolution, high-tech industries have gained prominence in national innovation systems. However, China’s high-tech sector faces challenges such as late development, weak foundations, and regional disparities. To address these issues, this study proposes a shared-input two-stage network DEA model. [...] Read more.

In the era of technological revolution, high-tech industries have gained prominence in national innovation systems. However, China’s high-tech sector faces challenges such as late development, weak foundations, and regional disparities. To address these issues, this study proposes a shared-input two-stage network DEA model. This model, based on an input-output perspective, considers resources that circulate and collaboratively function across multiple stages in the form of shared inputs. This paper analyzes data from 25 provinces (including municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2020 and divides the patent conversion process into two sub-stages: the upstream technology research and development stage and the downstream achievement transformation stage, measuring the stage efficiency values and overall efficiency values, respectively. To align with reality, this paper incorporates the intensity of the strength of intellectual property protection, strength of government financial support, and the expenditure on technology import as regional shared input variables. Meanwhile, expenditure on technological transformation is treated as a capital-type intermediate input variable. This approach unveils the “black box” of single-stage DEA, enabling more accurate efficiency measurement. Key findings reveal: (1) China’s high-tech research and development of patent technology, the achievement transformation and overall conversion efficiency show annual improvement, yet overall efficiency remains low with regional imbalances; (2) Achievement transformation efficiency exerts a greater impact on overall conversion efficiency than research and development of patent technology efficiency. Comparative analyses with single-stage and chained two-stage DEA models confirm the necessity of phased evaluation and shared-input variables, supported by input-output elasticity tests. The findings validate the applicability and interpretability of the proposed model in efficiency evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regional Development, Environmental Governance, and Sustainable Transformations)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Sustainability, Volume 18, Issue 5 (March-1 2026) – 509 articles

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI