The body size and (or) complexity of organisms is not uniformly related to the amount of genetic material (DNA) contained in each of their cell nuclei (‘genome size’). This surprising mismatch between the physical structure of organisms and their und...
It is known that judgments about objects’ distances are influenced by familiar size: a soccer ball looks farther away than a tennis ball if their images are equally large on the retina. We here investigate whether familiar size also influences...
The eye is the primary sensory organ that obtains information from the ecological environments and specifically bridges the brain with the extra environment. However, the coevolutionary relationships between eye size and ecological factors, behaviour...
Rock-filled concrete (RFC) technology is a new type of mass concrete construction technology, which consists of two basic components: the force transfer frame formed by large-size rock accumulation and the matrix formed by self-compacting concrete (S...
Lorenz curves of bubble size distributions and their Gini coefficients characterize demixing processes. Through a systematic size classification, bubble size histograms are generated and investigated concerning their statistical entropy. It turns out...
Cities enhance the efficiency of green development among themselves through their borrowing population, economic activities density and advanced functions, but the positive green effect of the borrowing size is affected by the city size. Using panel...
Fruit size is one of the essential quality traits and influences the economic value of apricots. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the formation of differences in fruit size in apricots, we performed a comparative analysis of anatomical and tra...
Purpose: The influence of dishware on portion size perception in children and adolescents is inconclusive. This study investigated how children and adolescents with both obesity and a normal weight perceived portion size in different sized and shaped...
Metabolic rate and its covariation with body mass vary substantially within and among species in little understood ways. Here, I critically review explanations (and supporting data) concerning how cell size and number and their establishment by cell...
Triboelectric charging is a potentially suitable tool for separating fine dry powders, but the charging process is not yet completely understood. Although physical descriptions of triboelectric charging have been proposed, these proposals generally a...
The confined uniaxial tests of packings with discrete particle size distribution (PSD) were modeled with the discrete element method. Ternary packings of spheres with PSD uniform or nonuniform by number of particles were examined in three-dimensional...
The gas desorption behavior of coal is a key basis for guiding gas parameter determination, optimizing gas extraction, and preventing gas-related disasters. Coal in mine working faces typically exhibits a mixed particle size distribution. However, re...
The neural mechanisms underlying susceptibility to eating more in response to large portions (i.e., the portion size effect) remain unclear. Thus, the present study examined how neural responses to portion size relate to changes in weight and energy...
Adverse health effects caused by exposure to airborne particles have been detected in recent years, however there is little knowledge about exposure to ultrafine particles with a diameter <100 nm. In this study, particle number concentration and s...
In this study, flow cytometry (FCM) and size-fractionated filtration, together with high-throughput molecular sequencing methods (SM), were used to investigate picophytoplankton. A particle separation filter and a higher-throughput sequencing method...
Indentation size effect at shallow indentation depths still remains a challenge as it cannot be correctly described by the Nix–Gao model based on the concept of strain gradient plasticity and geometrically necessary dislocations. The reasons fo...
Mechanical cells have seen an exponential increase in size over the past 60 years. However, a possible size limitation due to carrying capacity constraints has been raised. Taking a Cu porphyry case, a cell sizing exercise is used to show that possib...
Mixed forests provide several ecosystem service benefits, and they also often show higher productivity than pure forests. In mixed forests, several interactions among tree species occur, with size-symmetric and size-asymmetric competition being parti...
Litter size plays an essential role in mammalian evolution and is one of the most important factors determining whether an organism is deemed to have a ‘slow’ or ‘fast’ life history strategy. Humans are distinct in being class...
This study describes a comparative in vitro study of the toxicity behavior of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and micro-sized particles. The study aimed to understand the impact of particle size on ZnO toxicity by characterizing the particles in diffe...
Sharing the economic agglomeration effects of large cities is considered an effective way to enhance economic growth in small and medium-sized cities, yet there remains a lack of relevant quantitative empirical research. In this study, the three dime...
Realizing the full potential of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in nanomedicinerequires the optimization of their physical and chemical properties. Elucidation of the effectsof these properties on clinical diagnostic or therapeutic properties, however,...
Particle size distribution (PSD) is a rich source of information about soil properties, including soil gradation and soil particle size characteristics. This paper compared the PSD prediction ability of three types of mathematical model. We selected...
The underlying mechanism determining the size of a particular cell is one of the fundamental unknowns in cell biology. Here, using a new approach that could be used for most of unicellular species, we show that the protein synthesis and cell size are...
Background/Objectives: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is the term used to describe a pathology (dysfunction and pain) in the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). There is an apparent upward trend in the publication of dental resea...
Temperate streams are among the most well-studied ecosystems globally, yet there remains much uncertainty regarding the processes that regulate food web structure. Here we explore the relative contribution of food web composition and watershed factor...
Since Kepler (1604) and Descartes (1637), it has been suggested that ‘vergence’ (the angular rotation of the eyes) plays a key role in size constancy. However, this has never been tested divorced from confounding cues such as changes in the retinal i...
Declared serving sizes on food packaging are unregulated in Australia, and variations in serving size within similar products reduces the usability of this information. This study aimed to (i) assess the variations in declared serving sizes of packag...
Phytoplankton guilds are commonly characterised by dominance effects, while the main contribution to biological diversity is given by rare species. Here, we analysed the influence of rare species on taxonomic and functional diversity, which is descri...
To address the issue of minimum mesh size regulations of the stow net fishery for croaker species, we tested and compared the size selectivity and exploitation pattern for diamond- and square-mesh codends with mesh sizes 35, 45 and 55 mm for little y...
Understanding the influence of mesoscale and submesoscale features on the structure of phytoplankton is a key aspect in the assessment of their influence on marine biogeochemical cycling and cross-shore exchanges of plankton in Eastern Boundary Curre...
Numerous studies have proven that natural particle-packed granular materials, such as soil and rock, are consistent with the grain-size fractal rule. The majority of existing studies have regarded these materials as ideal fractal structures, while fe...
This study explores the effect of steel ball size and proportion on mineral grinding characteristics using Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations. Based on batch grinding kinetics, this paper analyzes the contact behavior during grinding, discussi...
The performance of the differential evolution algorithm (DE) is known to be highly sensitive to the values assigned to its control parameters. While numerous studies of the DE control parameters do exist, these studies have limitations, particularly...
The literature regarding the Reverse Indentation Size Effect (RISE) is scarce, the occurrence of which is assumed for plastic materials, including metals. The content of this article is to study the relationship between applied load and measured valu...
The seed habit is the most complex and successful method of sexual reproduction in vascular plants. It represents a remarkable moment in the evolution of plants that afterward spread on land. In particular, seed size had a pivotal role in evolutionar...
Many developers of biometric systems start with modest samples before general deployment. However, they are interested in how their systems will work with much larger samples. To assist them, we evaluated the effect of gallery size on biometric perfo...
Plastic fragmentation alters the size distribution of plastic waste in aquatic habitats, which is accelerated by mechanical stress and weathering degradation processes. Microplastic pieces constitute the vast bulk of plastic pollution in terms of qua...
Sample homogeneity dictates whether analyzing a test portion of an entire sample can provide representative information about incurred mycotoxins. In this study, we evaluated particle-size-distribution-based homogeneity of laboratory mycotoxin sample...
An in-depth understanding of the gravity flow behaviour of broken ore is beneficial to improving the ore recovery in sublevel caving mines. In this study, granular dolomites were used as an analogue to experimentally explore the effect of the physica...
The excessive use of chemical fertilizers (OCF) is one of China’s main sources of agricultural nonpoint source pollution. It is debatable whether outsourcing service adoption (FOS) reduces OCF. This article argues that farm size and plot size c...
The challenges faced by classical supply chain management affect efficiency with regard to business. Classical supply chain management is associated with high risks due to a lack of accountability and transparency. The use of optimization algorithms...
Handling and properties of nanoparticles strongly depend on processes that take place on their surface. Specific surface area and adsorption capacity strongly increase as the nanoparticle size decreases. A crucial factor is adsorption of water from a...
In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of nanocarbon blacks (NCBs) with different sizes to mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. MTT and fluorescence-based LIVE assays demonstrated that NCBs uptake caused a size and dose-dependent growth inhibit...
In this paper, water quenching of large ingots was simulated using FORGE NxT 1.1® Finite Element code. Simulations were carried out for as-forged medium-carbon low-alloy steel. A novel method is proposed to simulate the different parts of a large...
As nanoparticle syntheses on a large scale usually yield products with broad size and shape distributions, the properties of nanoparticle-based products need to be tuned after synthesis by narrowing the size and shape distributions or via the removal...
“Small-for-size” livers arising in the context of liver resection and transplantation are vulnerable to the effects of increased portal flow in the immediate postoperative period. Increased portal flow is an essential stimulus for liver r...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size on the particle size of intestinal digesta or feces and nutrient digestibility of corn–soybean meal diets. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 21.9 ± 1.62 kg) wer...
Measuring body sizes accurately and rapidly for optimal garment fit detection has been a challenge for fashion retailers. Especially for apparel e-commerce, there is an increasing need for digital and convenient ways to obtain body measurements to pr...
The average body size (fork length) of juvenile salmonids in small streams varies across landscapes and can be influenced by stream temperature, density dependence, catchment size, and physical habitat. In this study, we compared sets of 16 mixed-eff...
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