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  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,510 Views
18 Pages

Parameter Identification of an Unmanned Surface Vessel Nomoto Model Based on an Improved Extended Kalman Filter

  • Sihang Lu,
  • Baolin Wang,
  • Zaopeng Dong,
  • Zhihao Hu,
  • Yilun Ding and
  • Wangsheng Liu

27 December 2024

The accurate nonlinear modeling of an unmanned surface vessel (USV) is essential for advanced control and operational performance. This paper combines the locally weighted regression (LWR) algorithm and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) for parameter...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Guidance and Control of Marine Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,862 Views
25 Pages

22 October 2020

In order to achieve the fine alignment of strapdown inertial navigation (SINS) under large misalignment angles, a novel filtering alignment method is proposed based on the second-order extended Kalman filter (EKF2) and adaptive fuzzy inference system...

(This article belongs to the Collection Inertial Sensors and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,944 Views
15 Pages

Second-Order EKF White Noise Estimator Design for Hybrid Systems

  • Yuxiang Liang,
  • Huihong Zhao,
  • Yunlong Shang and
  • Hailong Meng

30 October 2021

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has a wide range of applications (especially in power battery management systems) with a rapidly increasing market share. It aims to minimize the symmetric loss function (mean square error) and it has high accuracy an...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Engineering and Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
5,142 Views
14 Pages

22 November 2019

State of charge (SOC) plays a significant role in the battery management system (BMS), since it can contribute to the establishment of energy management for electric vehicles. Unfortunately, SOC cannot be measured directly. Various single Kalman filt...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Battery Technologies: New Applications and Management Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,659 Views
21 Pages

28 October 2024

This study considers a relative orbit estimation problem wherein an observing spacecraft navigates with respect to a target space object at a large separation distance (several kilometers) using only the bearing angles obtained by a single onboard ca...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spacecraft Dynamics and Control (2nd Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
5,346 Views
18 Pages

10 November 2014

Wireless body sensor networks based on ultra-wideband radio have recently received much research attention due to its wide applications in health-care, security, sports and entertainment. Accurate localization is a fundamental problem to realize the...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,840 Views
18 Pages

6 June 2024

First-order algorithms have long dominated the training of deep neural networks, excelling in tasks like image classification and natural language processing. Now there is a compelling opportunity to explore alternatives that could outperform current...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Pattern Recognition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
9,849 Views
16 Pages

25 June 2012

In this paper a quaternion-based Variable-State-Dimension Extended Kalman Filter (VSD-EKF) is developed for estimating the three-dimensional orientation of a rigid body using the measurements from an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) integrated with a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Italy 2012)
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
6,032 Views
13 Pages

Stable and Accurate Estimation of SOC Using eXogenous Kalman Filter for Lithium-Ion Batteries

  • Qizhe Lin,
  • Xiaoqi Li,
  • Bicheng Tu,
  • Junwei Cao,
  • Ming Zhang and
  • Jiawei Xiang

1 January 2023

The state of charge (SOC) for a lithium-ion battery is a key index closely related to battery performance and safety with respect to the power supply system of electric vehicles. The Kalman filter (KF) or extended KF (EKF) is normally employed to est...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Fault Detection and Condition Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,976 Views
13 Pages

29 November 2022

As a power source for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), lithium-ion batteries play an important role in ensuring AUVs’ electric power propulsion performance. An accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation method is the key to achieving energ...

(This article belongs to the Topic Battery Design and Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,098 Views
15 Pages

30 January 2023

In order to deal with the uncertainty of measurement noise, particularly for outlier types of multipath interference and non-line of sight (NLOS) reception, this paper proposes a novel method for processing the navigation states of the Global Positio...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
754 Views
35 Pages

Low-Cost Experimental Validation of Lithium-Ion Battery Models and SOC Estimators Under Dynamic Current Profiles

  • Jhoan Sebastián Valderrama-Vélez,
  • Karen Lemmel-Vélez,
  • Juan Camilo Mazo-Arenas and
  • Carlos David Zuluaga-Ríos

Reliable experimental platforms are essential for lithium-ion (Li-Ion) battery characterization, equivalent circuit model (ECM) identification, and state-of-charge (SOC) estimator validation. However, access to commercial battery cyclers and high-end...

  • Article
  • Open Access
121 Citations
12,817 Views
21 Pages

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Adaptive Cubature Kalman Filter

  • Bizhong Xia,
  • Haiqing Wang,
  • Yong Tian,
  • Mingwang Wang,
  • Wei Sun and
  • Zhihui Xu

17 June 2015

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is of great significance for a lithium-ion battery to ensure its safe operation and to prevent it from over-charging or over-discharging. However, it is difficult to get an accurate value of SOC since it is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,050 Views
18 Pages

15 June 2023

As radio frequency (RF) hardware continues to improve, two-way ranging (TWR) has become a viable approach for high-precision ranging applications. The precision of a TWR system is fundamentally limited by estimates of the time offset T between two pl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Signal Processing)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access

Adaptive State of Energy Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using an Improved Sage–Husa EKF

  • Taofeeq Sulyman Opeyemi,
  • Umar Musa,
  • Ibrahim Abdullahi Shehu,
  • Ramani Kannan and
  • Aminu Jibrin Aliyu

Accurate State of Energy (SOE) estimation is a critical yet challenging requirement for reliable Battery Management Systems (BMSs), as traditional model-based algorithms like the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) are severely limited by their dependence o...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 3rd International Online Conference on Energies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,741 Views
21 Pages

State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on an Improved Sage-Husa Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm

  • Lihong Xiang,
  • Li Cai,
  • Nina Dai,
  • Le Gao,
  • Guoping Lei,
  • Junting Li and
  • Ming Deng

An improved Sage-Husa extended Kalman filter (SHEKF) algorithm is intended to improve the accuracy and stability of SOC prediction. In this paper, two different exponential weighting algorithms are used to adaptively select the forgetting factor for...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Electric Vehicle Technology towards Low Carbon Future: Advanced Powertrain, Energy Management and Grid Interaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,435 Views
19 Pages

7 April 2025

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries is essential for their proper functioning and serves as the basis for estimating other parameters within the battery management system. To enhance the accuracy of SOC estimation in lithium-ion batter...

(This article belongs to the Section D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,203 Views
20 Pages

In the speed-sensorless vector control of induction motors (IMs), the speed estimation accuracy suffers from the deteriorated current measurement caused by the current sensor faults, such as open circuit in one phase, DC bias, and odd harmonics. In t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights Into Smart and Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
7,902 Views
15 Pages

A New Method for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Strong Tracking Cubature Kalman Filter

  • Bizhong Xia,
  • Haiqing Wang,
  • Mingwang Wang,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Zhihui Xu and
  • Yongzhi Lai

26 November 2015

The estimation of state of charge (SOC) is a crucial evaluation index in a battery management system (BMS). The value of SOC indicates the remaining capacity of a battery, which provides a good guarantee of safety and reliability of battery operation...

(This article belongs to the Collection Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Collection)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,993 Views
19 Pages

5 May 2023

The resolution accuracy of the inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system (INS/GNSS) integrated system would be degraded in challenging areas. This paper proposed a novel algorithm, which combines the second-order mutual difference...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Remote Sensing)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,623 Views
18 Pages

Adaptive Joint Sigma-Point Kalman Filtering for Lithium-Ion Battery Parameters and State-of-Charge Estimation

  • Houda Bouchareb,
  • Khadija Saqli,
  • Nacer Kouider M’sirdi and
  • Mohammed Oudghiri Bentaie

Precise modeling and state of charge (SoC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery (LIB) are crucial for the safety and longevity of battery systems in electric vehicles. Traditional methods often fail to adapt to the dynamic, nonlinear, and time-varying...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lithium-Ion Battery Diagnosis: Health and Safety)
  • Article
  • Open Access
30 Citations
9,157 Views
15 Pages

12 December 2023

State of charge (SOC) is a very important variable for using batteries safely and reliably. To improve the accuracy of SOC estimation, a novel variational extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique based on least square error method is herein provided by...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Battery Status Estimation and Prediction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,726 Views
15 Pages

7 March 2023

Accuracy of battery charge status (SOC) estimation plays a significant role in the management of electric vehicle power batteries. However, recently, abrupt changes from SOC data often occurs in the actual operation of electric vehicles and some erro...

(This article belongs to the Section Materials Processes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,100 Views
18 Pages

26 January 2025

In complex indoor environments, target tracking performance is impacted by non-line-of sight (NLOS) noises and other measurement errors. In order to fix NLOS errors, a double extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm is proposed, which refers to a kind...

(This article belongs to the Section Navigation and Positioning)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
436 Views
33 Pages

15 July 2026

Accurate state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is essential for preventing battery degradation, improving energy management, and providing reliable driving-range predictions in electric vehicles (EVs). The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a widely adopted...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Electric Vehicles, Second Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,885 Views
22 Pages

Online SoC Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a New Sigma Points Kalman Filter

  • Dongdong Ge,
  • Zhendong Zhang,
  • Xiangdong Kong and
  • Zhiping Wan

12 December 2021

The accurate state of charge (SoC) online estimation for lithium-ion batteries is a primary concern for predicting the remaining range in electric vehicles. The Sigma points Kalman Filter is an emerging SoC filtering technology. Firstly, the charge a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Renewable Energy System: A Focus on Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Battery Storage with AI)
  • Article
  • Open Access
67 Citations
7,995 Views
19 Pages

State of Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Nonlinear Observer: An H∞ Method

  • Qiao Zhu,
  • Neng Xiong,
  • Ming-Liang Yang,
  • Rui-Sen Huang and
  • Guang-Di Hu

12 May 2017

This work is focused on the state of charge (SOC) estimation of a lithium-ion battery based on a nonlinear observer. First, the second-order resistor-capacitor (RC) model of the battery pack is introduced by utilizing the physical behavior of the bat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,291 Views
17 Pages

25 November 2025

Because of the problem that the traditional unscented Kalman filter algorithm (UKF) may terminate the iteration due to the non-positive definite error covariance matrix during state of charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion battery, considering the u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control, Modelling, and Management of Batteries)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,980 Views
18 Pages

In this study, a discrete-time incremental backstepping (DTIBS) controller with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with unknown actuator dynamics. The Taylor series and an approximate discrete method are e...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,650 Views
19 Pages

In complex indoor environments, target tracking performance is impacted by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) noises and other measurement errors. In order to fix NLOS errors, a Double Extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm is proposed, which refers to a kind...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,121 Views
13 Pages

A Li-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation Strategy Based on the Suboptimal Multiple Fading Factor Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm

  • Weibin Wu,
  • Jinbin Zeng,
  • Qifei Jian,
  • Luxin Tang,
  • Junwei Hou,
  • Chongyang Han,
  • Qian Song and
  • Yuanqiang Luo

14 May 2024

The state of charge (SOC) is an important indicator for evaluating a battery management system (BMS), which is crucial for the reliability, performance, and life management of a battery. In this paper, the characteristics of a Li-ion battery are deep...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
5,033 Views
20 Pages

Strong Tracking of a H-Infinity Filter in Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Estimation

  • Bizhong Xia,
  • Zheng Zhang,
  • Zizhou Lao,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Wei Sun,
  • Yongzhi Lai and
  • Mingwang Wang

6 June 2018

The accuracy of state-of-charge (SOC) estimation, one of the most important functions of a battery management system (BMS), is the basis for the proper operation of an electric vehicle. This study proposes a method for accurate SOC estimation. To ach...

(This article belongs to the Section D: Energy Storage and Application)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,075 Views
16 Pages

9 June 2023

The lithium-ion battery is the power source of an electric vehicle, so it is of great significance to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium-ion batteries accurately to ensure vehicle safety. To improve the accuracy of the parameters of the eq...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,248 Views
18 Pages

Unscented Kalman Filtering for Single Camera Based Motion and Shape Estimation

  • Dah-Jing Jwo,
  • Chien-Hao Tseng,
  • Jen-Chu Liu and
  • Hsien-Der Lee

25 July 2011

Accurate estimation of the motion and shape of a moving object is a challenging task due to great variety of noises present from sources such as electronic components and the influence of the external environment, etc. To alleviate the noise, the fil...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,508 Views
20 Pages

3 December 2017

State of charge (SOC) is an important evaluation index for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles (EVs). This paper proposes a nonlinear observer with a new adaptive gain structure for SOC estimation based on a second-order RC model. It is...

  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
8,838 Views
20 Pages

5 August 2017

Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation can prolong lithium-ion battery life and improve its performance in practice. This paper proposes a new method for SOC estimation. The second-order resistor-capacitor (2RC) equivalent circuit model (ECM) is a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,518 Views
15 Pages

16 June 2017

To improve the accuracy of indoor pedestrian positioning, an indoor pedestrian positioning system with two-order Bayesian estimation based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Particle Filter (PF) is proposed in this paper. The presented system combin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,318 Views
13 Pages

Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on the Historical Trajectory of Remaining Discharge Capacity

  • Jiuchun Jiang,
  • Bingrui Qu,
  • Shuaibang Liu,
  • Huan Yan,
  • Zhen Zhang and
  • Chun Chang

25 November 2024

In recent years, the number of safety accidents in new-energy electric vehicles due to lithium-ion battery failures has been increasing, and the lithium-ion battery fault diagnosis technology is particularly important to ensure the safe operation of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Updates and Key Techniques of Battery Safety)
  • Article
  • Open Access
203 Views
23 Pages

Impact of Electrical Parameter Measurement Error on Battery SOC Estimation Accuracy and Compensation Strategies

  • Peng Wang,
  • Shusong Wang,
  • Yi Su,
  • Yunbo Peng,
  • Haiyuan Wang,
  • Xiaolin Xie and
  • Xiqiang Ma

28 September 2026

The estimation accuracy of the battery state of charge (SOC) directly affects the reliable and stable operation of the battery management system (BMS). In complex operating conditions such as vehicle-mounted applications and energy storage power stat...

(This article belongs to the Section Storage Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
510 Views
17 Pages

24 February 2026

Accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation is essential for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, conventional methods such as ampere-hour (AH) integration and...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical and Electronic Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
518 Views
29 Pages

Active distribution networks require precise real-time monitoring and control despite measurement outliers and rapid load dynamics. Conventional robust estimators frequently fail to distinguish between transient measurement corruption and genuine phy...

  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
1,953 Views
28 Pages

16 August 2025

In lithium-ion battery management systems (BMSs), accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is essential for the stable operation of BMSs. Furthermore, the accuracy of SOC estimation is significantly influenced by the precision of battery model param...

(This article belongs to the Topic Battery Design and Management, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
8,064 Views
20 Pages

21 April 2018

An enhanced pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based navigation algorithm, which uses two cascaded Kalman filters (TCKF) for the estimation of course angle and navigation errors, is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a foot-mounted inertial measureme...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inertial Sensors and Systems 2018)
  • Article
  • Open Access
606 Views
25 Pages

Inconsistency Diagnosis of Power Batteries Based on End-Cloud Collaboration

  • Bin Ma,
  • Yajin Liu,
  • Dongyang Ma,
  • Guoliang Liu,
  • Changjian Ji and
  • Bosong Zou

In electric vehicles, power batteries consist of numerous individual cells connected in series or parallel. Variations in manufacturing, operating conditions, and aging can lead to differences among these cells. Such inconsistencies can compromise th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Management and Sustainable Development of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Automotive Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,347 Views
27 Pages

20 February 2025

This paper focuses on a solution of target self-positioning when a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is denied. It is composed of Inertial Navigation Systems (INS), Signals of Opportunities (SOPs), and a navigation prototype. One of the optio...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,124 Views
20 Pages

Nonlinear Output Feedback Control for Parrot Mambo UAV: Robust Complex Structure Design and Experimental Validation

  • Asmaa Taame,
  • Ibtissam Lachkar,
  • Abdelmajid Abouloifa,
  • Ismail Mouchrif and
  • Abdelali El Aroudi

This paper addresses the problem of controlling quadcopters operating in an environment characterized by unpredictable disturbances such as wind gusts. From a control point of view, this is a nonstandard, highly challenging problem. Fundamentally, th...

(This article belongs to the Section Control and Systems Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,549 Views
23 Pages

An Online Calibration Method for UAV Electro-Optical Pod Zoom Cameras Based on IMU-Vision Fusion

  • Weiming Zhu,
  • Zhangsong Shi,
  • Huihui Xu,
  • Qingping Hu,
  • Wenjian Ying and
  • Fan Gui

22 March 2026

To address the calibration challenge caused by the nonlinear variation in intrinsic parameters during continuous camera zooming in UAV electro-optical pods, this paper proposes an online calibration method based on IMU-visual fusion. Traditional offl...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,021 Views
19 Pages

23 November 2022

Node mobility improves the self-deployment capability of the network; meanwhile, it also leads to frequent interruption of communication links and severe packet loss. Mitigating the negative impact of node movement on cluster stability is a new chall...

  • Article
  • Open Access
164 Citations
4,903 Views
24 Pages

Boosting Multi-Vehicle Tracking with a Joint Object Detection and Viewpoint Estimation Sensor

  • Roberto J. López-Sastre,
  • Carlos Herranz-Perdiguero,
  • Ricardo Guerrero-Gómez-Olmedo,
  • Daniel Oñoro-Rubio and
  • Saturnino Maldonado-Bascón

20 September 2019

In this work, we address the problem of multi-vehicle detection and tracking for traffic monitoring applications. We preset a novel intelligent visual sensor for tracking-by-detection with simultaneous pose estimation. Essentially, we adapt an Extend...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
9,080 Views
23 Pages

16 March 2018

A snake robot is a type of highly redundant mobile robot that significantly differs from a tracked robot, wheeled robot and legged robot. To address the issue of a snake robot performing self-localization in the application environment without assist...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Sensors for Mechatronic and Robotic Systems)

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