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  • Article
  • Open Access
1,511 Views
48 Pages

Next-Generation Smart Cities: An Overview and a Proposal for the Hub Architecture

  • Cosmin George Nicolăescu,
  • Marius Constantin Marica,
  • Valeriu Manuel Ionescu,
  • Madalin Ciprian Enescu and
  • Nicu Bizon

17 March 2026

The smart city represents a new stage in urban evolution, driven by technological progress, social transformations, and the increasing emphasis placed on sustainability. This metamorphosis generates hub-type architectural models, used not only for da...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Development Prospective for Smart Cities)
  • Review
  • Open Access
58 Citations
16,012 Views
43 Pages

Enabling Technologies for Next-Generation Smart Cities: A Comprehensive Review and Research Directions

  • Shrouk A. Ali,
  • Shaimaa Ahmed Elsaid,
  • Abdelhamied A. Ateya,
  • Mohammed ElAffendi and
  • Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif

9 December 2023

The concept of smart cities, which aim to enhance the quality of urban life through innovative technologies and policies, has gained significant momentum in recent years. As we approach the era of next-generation smart cities, it becomes crucial to e...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology for Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
9,288 Views
19 Pages

A Smart Building Fire and Gas Leakage Alert System with Edge Computing and NG112 Emergency Call Capabilities

  • Evangelos Maltezos,
  • Konstantinos Petousakis,
  • Aris Dadoukis,
  • Lazaros Karagiannidis and ,
  • Eleftherios Ouzounoglou,
  • Maria Krommyda,
  • George Hadjipavlis and
  • Angelos Amditis
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

24 March 2022

Nowadays, the transformations of cities into smart cities is a crucial factor in improving the living conditions of the inhabitants as well as addressing emergency situations under the concept of public safety and property loss. In this context, many...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Based Systems for Safe and Secure Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,639 Views
25 Pages

Next Generation Computing and Communication Hub for First Responders in Smart Cities

  • Olha Shaposhnyk,
  • Kenneth Lai,
  • Gregor Wolbring,
  • Vlad Shmerko and
  • Svetlana Yanushkevich

8 April 2024

This paper contributes to the development of a Next Generation First Responder (NGFR) communication platform with the key goal of embedding it into a smart city technology infrastructure. The framework of this approach is a concept known as SmartHub,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Technology for Smart Cities: Data, Analytics, and Visualizations)
  • Editorial
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,973 Views
3 Pages

14 February 2020

Taking advantage of new developing technologies, power systems are being developed into smarter grids with the vision of becoming the next-generation electric grid for smart cities. Some of the emerging issues and challenges associated with the devel...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Trends and Advances Towards a Smarter Grid and Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,098 Views
15 Pages

Next-Generation Dual Transceiver FSO Communication System for High-Speed Trains in Neom Smart City

  • Yehia Elsawy,
  • Ayshah S. Alatawi,
  • Mohamed Abaza,
  • Azza Moawad and
  • El-Hadi M. Aggoune

Smart cities like Neom require efficient and reliable transportation systems to support their vision of sustainable and interconnected urban environments. High-speed trains (HSTs) play a crucial role in connecting different areas of the city and faci...

(This article belongs to the Section Optical Communication and Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,550 Views
18 Pages

As smart transportation systems evolve, secure and efficient V2X communication between vehicles and infrastructure becomes crucial. This paper introduces a Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) communication architecture, leveraging blockchain technology for t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Generation Wireless Communication)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,810 Views
23 Pages

This work presents INTELLECTUM as a reference architecture and design-time evaluation framework for multi-entity XR–AI–digital twin systems. Rather than optimizing a specific implementation, the paper formalizes architectural invariants,...

(This article belongs to the Section Artificial Intelligence)
  • Review
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,932 Views
23 Pages

Handover Decisions for Ultra-Dense Networks in Smart Cities: A Survey

  • Akzhibek Amirova,
  • Ibraheem Shayea,
  • Didar Yedilkhan,
  • Laura Aldasheva and
  • Alma Zakirova

Handover (HO) management plays a key role in ensuring uninterrupted connectivity across evolving wireless networks. While previous generations such as 4G and 5G have introduced several HO strategies, these techniques are insufficient to meet the rigo...

(This article belongs to the Section Information and Communication Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
76 Citations
11,502 Views
30 Pages

Future Wireless Communication Technology towards 6G IoT: An Application-Based Analysis of IoT in Real-Time Location Monitoring of Employees Inside Underground Mines by Using BLE

  • Sushant Kumar Pattnaik,
  • Soumya Ranjan Samal,
  • Shuvabrata Bandopadhaya,
  • Kaliprasanna Swain and ,
  • Subhashree Choudhury,
  • Jitendra Kumar Das,
  • Albena Mihovska and
  • Vladimir Poulkov
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

30 April 2022

In recent years, the IoT has emerged as the most promising technology in the key evolution of industry 4.0/industry 5.0, smart home automation (SHA), smart cities, energy savings and many other areas of wireless communication. There is a massively gr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 6G Wireless Communication and Its Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
6,029 Views
29 Pages

Enhancing DevOps Practices in the IoT–Edge–Cloud Continuum: Architecture, Integration, and Software Orchestration Demonstrated in the COGNIFOG Framework

  • Kostas Petrakis,
  • Evangelos Agorogiannis,
  • Grigorios Antonopoulos,
  • Themistoklis Anagnostopoulos and ,
  • Nasos Grigoropoulos,
  • Eleni Veroni,
  • Alexandre Berne,
  • Selma Azaiez,
  • Zakaria Benomar and
  • Kosmas Alexopoulos
  • + 9 authors+ 4 authors

This paper presents COGNIFOG, an innovative framework under development that is designed to leverage decentralized decision-making, machine learning, and distributed computing to enable autonomous operation, adaptability, and scalability across the I...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,089 Views
26 Pages

Design of Multi-Sourced MIMO Multiband Hybrid Wireless RF-Perovskite Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Subsystems for IoTs Applications in Smart Cities

  • Fanuel Elias,
  • Sunday Ekpo,
  • Stephen Alabi,
  • Mfonobong Uko and ,
  • Sunday Enahoro,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Helen Ji,
  • Rahul Unnikrishnan and
  • Nurudeen Olasunkanmi
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

Energy harvesting technology allows Internet of Things (IoT) devices to be powered continuously without needing battery charging or replacement. In addressing existing and emerging massive IoT energy supply challenges, this paper presents the design...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,838 Views
21 Pages

24 December 2025

The increasing electrification of mobility within smart cities has accelerated the need for intelligent energy management strategies that jointly address cost, emissions, and battery health. This study develops a health-aware hybrid reinforcement&nda...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Powered Battery Management and Grid Integration for Smart Cities)
  • Review
  • Open Access
108 Citations
10,723 Views
24 Pages

Nanostructured ZnFe2O4: An Exotic Energy Material

  • Murtaza Bohra,
  • Vidya Alman and
  • Rémi Arras

More people, more cities; the energy demand increases in consequence and much of that will rely on next-generation smart materials. Zn-ferrites (ZnFe2O4) are nonconventional ceramic materials on account of their unique properties, such as chemical an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramics and Nanostructures for Energy Harvesting and Storage)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
984 Views
25 Pages

The emergence of the Smart Cities paradigm and the rapid expansion and integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies within this context have created unprecedented opportunities for high-resolution behavioral analytics, urban optimization, and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Powered Safeguards: Enhancing Security and Privacy in Smart Cities and IoT Ecosystems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
10,044 Views
33 Pages

The research questions of the current study include: “Is it beneficial for countries, local governments, and autonomous districts with a high level of e-government to become smarter cities with the electronic, digital, and smart introduction of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology Driven Innovation, Research Management and Policy Making)
  • Article
  • Open Access
238 Citations
3,152 Views
14 Pages

Within this article, the strengths and weaknesses of crowdsourcing for idea generation and idea selection in the context of smart city innovation are investigated. First, smart cities are defined next to similar but different concepts such as digital...

  • Article
  • Open Access
81 Citations
17,169 Views
23 Pages

A Harmonized Perspective on Transportation Management in Smart Cities: The Novel IoT-Driven Environment for Road Traffic Modeling

  • Pavel Masek,
  • Jan Masek,
  • Petr Frantik,
  • Radek Fujdiak and ,
  • Aleksandr Ometov,
  • Jiri Hosek,
  • Sergey Andreev,
  • Petr Mlynek and
  • Jiri Misurec
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

8 November 2016

The unprecedented growth of today’s cities together with increased population mobility are fueling the avalanche in the numbers of vehicles on the roads. This development led to the new challenges for the traffic management, including the mitigation...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart City: Vision and Reality)
  • Review
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,136 Views
43 Pages

21 November 2024

The rapid evolution of smart cities relies heavily on advancements in wireless communication systems and extensive IoT networks. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the critical role and future potential of integrating unmanned aerial vehicle...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 and 2025 Feature Papers from Future Internet’s Editorial Board Members)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,047 Views
23 Pages

Smart City Capacities: Extant Knowledge and Future Research for Sustainable Practical Applications

  • David E. Mills,
  • Steven Pudney,
  • Ricardo Correa Gomes and
  • Greici Sarturi

29 April 2024

Throughout the smart city literature, there are mentions of capacities, the application of which is claimed to result in the sustainable achievement of objectives. Because of the often desperate need for smart city objectives to be met, we sought to...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
  • Review
  • Open Access
25 Citations
6,177 Views
26 Pages

16 October 2024

Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) will be pivotal in shaping next-generation smart cities. This paper proposes a novel three-layered framework for integrating UAVs into intelligent transportati...

(This article belongs to the Section Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,213 Views
15 Pages

30 September 2025

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) have become increasingly crucial, particularly with the standardization of fifth-generation (5G) technology. In parallel, the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has amplified the need for human-centric solut...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communications for UAVs, IoT, 5G Technologies, Information and Coding Theory)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,125 Views
28 Pages

The rapid evolution of smart cities demands a transition from reactive healthcare systems to proactive, data-driven health management paradigms that support long-term urban sustainability. Predicting population health status based on lifestyle-relate...

(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,962 Views
34 Pages

With the advent of AI and the smart systems era, neuromorphic computing will be imperative to support next-generation AI-related applications. Existing intelligent systems, (such as smart cities, robotics), face many challenges and requirements inclu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Implementation of Embedded Systems for Real-Time Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,486 Views
25 Pages

Key Technologies for 6G-Enabled Smart Sustainable City

  • Nahyun Kim,
  • Gayeong Kim,
  • Sunghoon Shim,
  • Sukbin Jang and ,
  • Jiho Song and
  • Byungju Lee
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

With the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs), the way we live and communicate with each other is changing rapidly. As urban environments continue to evolve, the smart sustainable city (SSC) has sparked considerable attent...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G and 6G Wireless Systems: Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
5,341 Views
20 Pages

A Choreography-Based and Collaborative Road Mobility System for L’Aquila City

  • Marco Autili,
  • Amleto Di Salle,
  • Francesco Gallo,
  • Claudio Pompilio and
  • Massimo Tivoli

Next Generation Internet (NGI) is the European initiative launched to identify the future internet technologies, designed to serve the needs of the digitalized society while ensuring privacy, trust, decentralization, openness, inclusion, and business...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary Feature Papers)
  • Review
  • Open Access
294 Citations
31,468 Views
29 Pages

Internet of Things and Its Applications: A Comprehensive Survey

  • Rosilah Hassan,
  • Faizan Qamar,
  • Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,
  • Azana Hafizah Mohd Aman and
  • Amjed Sid Ahmed

14 October 2020

With the evolution of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless network, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a revolutionary technique that enables a diverse number of features and applications. It can able a diverse amount of devices to be connected in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and IoT Intelligence in the Post Pandemic Economy)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,766 Views
38 Pages

Fifth-generation (5G), Beyond 5G (B5G), and sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, along with the Internet of Things (IoT), are core communication infrastructure in smart cities. Their increased deployments create high-dimensional optimization and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,254 Views
17 Pages

1 August 2025

This study proposes an intelligent patrol planning framework that leverages reinforcement learning, spatiotemporal crime forecasting, and simulated sensor telemetry to optimize autonomous vehicle (AV) navigation in urban environments. Crime incidents...

(This article belongs to the Section Transportation and Future Mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
596 Views
23 Pages

A Five-Layer Open-Source IoT Platform Architecture for Smart City Applications

  • Nikolaos Monios,
  • Panagiotis Papageorgas,
  • Dimitrios Piromalis,
  • Vasileios Cheimaras and
  • Georgios Sarigiannis

The rapid growth of smart cities has highlighted the need for robust, flexible, and cost-effective platforms that can support the integration and management of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data streams, and analytics pipelines. However, recent s...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,290 Views
25 Pages

11 December 2025

The factors restricting the large-scale deployment of smart vehicular networks include application service placement/migration, mobility management, network congestion, and latency. Current vehicular networks are striving to optimize network performa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Modeling, Calculation and Control of Complex Nonlinear Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
347 Views
17 Pages

31 August 2026

The transition towards sustainable cities requires material selection strategies capable of balancing environmental, economic and social performance while accounting for the emerging functionalities offered by smart materials. This work proposes a su...

(This article belongs to the Section Smart and Functional Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
59 Citations
7,550 Views
25 Pages

Smart Cities of the Future as Cyber Physical Systems: Challenges and Enabling Technologies

  • Antonio Puliafito,
  • Giuseppe Tricomi,
  • Anastasios Zafeiropoulos and
  • Symeon Papavassiliou

12 May 2021

A smart city represents an improvement of today’s cities, both functionally and structurally, that strategically utilizes several smart factors, capitalizing on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) to increase the city’s sustainable growth...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Cities of the Future: A Cyber Physical System Perspective)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
65 Citations
12,807 Views
25 Pages

19 November 2019

Energy efficiency is one of the most relevant issues that the scientific community, and society in general, must face in the next years. Furthermore, higher energy efficiencies will contribute to worldwide sustainability. Buildings are responsible fo...

  • Review
  • Open Access
79 Citations
19,185 Views
16 Pages

An Overview on the Current Status and Future Perspectives of Smart Cars

  • Fabio Arena,
  • Giovanni Pau and
  • Alessandro Severino

In recent years, the smart car sector has been increasing enormously in the Internet of Things (IoT) market. Furthermore, the number of smart cars seems set to increase over the next few years. This goal will be achieved because the application of re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilient and Smart Transport Infrastructure for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,683 Views
33 Pages

10 November 2025

Urban logistics in smart cities are increasingly challenged by congestion, sustainability pressures, and the growing demand for resilient delivery systems. To address these challenges, this study introduces the Multi-Visit Time-Dependent Truck–...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Air Mobility Solutions: UAVs for Smarter Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
1,937 Views
28 Pages

Privacy-Preserving Hierarchical Fog Federated Learning (PP-HFFL) for IoT Intrusion Detection

  • Md Morshedul Islam,
  • Wali Mohammad Abdullah and
  • Baidya Nath Saha

30 November 2025

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) across critical sectors such as healthcare, energy, cybersecurity, smart cities, and finance has increased its exposure to cyberattacks. Conventional centralized machine learning-based Intrusion Det...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligence, Security, Trust and Privacy Advances in IoT, Bigdata and 5G Networks (3rd Edition))
  • Review
  • Open Access
24 Citations
9,622 Views
53 Pages

Smart cities seek to improve urban living by embedding advanced technologies into infrastructures, services, and governance. Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI) has emerged as a critical enabler by moving computation and learning closer to data so...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
3,401 Views
32 Pages

Decentralized Energy Swapping for Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks Using Blockchain Technology

  • Umar Draz,
  • Tariq Ali,
  • Sana Yasin,
  • Mohammad Hijji and ,
  • Muhammad Ayaz and
  • EL-Hadi M. Aggoune
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

25 January 2025

Wireless sensor networks deployed in energy-constrained environments face critical challenges relating to sustainability and protection. This paper introduces an innovative blockchain-powered safe energy-swapping protocol that enables sensor nodes to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Privacy-Preserving Techniques in AI, Blockchain and Cloud Systems with Formal Mathematical Analysis)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
698 Views
9 Pages

The fast growth of smart city systems requires sensing and intelligence systems that are dynamic, power-efficient, and have capabilities of real-time decision-making. The traditional IoT-based smart city systems are subject to constraints like nonfle...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Electronic Conference on Applied Sciences)
  • Review
  • Open Access
211 Citations
16,932 Views
30 Pages

Analysis of IoT Security Challenges and Its Solutions Using Artificial Intelligence

  • Tehseen Mazhar,
  • Dhani Bux Talpur,
  • Tamara Al Shloul,
  • Yazeed Yasin Ghadi and ,
  • Inayatul Haq,
  • Inam Ullah,
  • Khmaies Ouahada and
  • Habib Hamam
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a well-known technology that has a significant impact on many areas, including connections, work, healthcare, and the economy. IoT has the potential to improve life in a variety of contexts, from smart cities to classr...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Neural Systems for Solving Real Problems)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
40 Citations
9,599 Views
21 Pages

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Fire Safety of Agricultural Structures

  • Chrysanthos Maraveas,
  • Dimitrios Loukatos,
  • Thomas Bartzanas and
  • Konstantinos G. Arvanitis

22 August 2021

Artificial intelligence applications in fire safety of agricultural structures have practical economic and technological benefits on commercial agriculture. The FAO estimates that wildfires result in at least USD 1 billion in agriculture-related loss...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
15,137 Views
42 Pages

Metamaterials for Acoustic Noise Filtering and Energy Harvesting

  • Fariha Mir,
  • Debdyuti Mandal and
  • Sourav Banerjee

23 April 2023

Artificial methods for noise filtering are required for the twenty-first century’s Factory vision 4.0. From various perspectives of physics, noise filtering capabilities could be addressed in multiple ways. In this article, the physics of noise...

(This article belongs to the Section State-of-the-Art Sensors Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
122 Views
32 Pages

26 October 2026

The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) in urban environments generates a dense, continuous stream of sensor data from onboard battery-management sensors, GPS localization sensors, charging-station occupancy sensors, and road-infrastructure sens...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
3,378 Views
19 Pages

14 August 2025

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and smart cities. The Hybrid Energy-Efficient Distributed (HEED) protocol is a popular clustering algorithm designed to prolong network lifetime by ba...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wireless Sensor Networks and Communication Technology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
8,914 Views
16 Pages

16 August 2025

The integration of 5G technology with cloud and edge computing is redefining the digital landscape by enabling ultra-fast connectivity, low-latency communication, and scalable solutions across diverse application domains. This paper investigates the...

(This article belongs to the Section E1: Mathematics and Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,102 Views
21 Pages

22 March 2024

IoT (Internet-of-Things)-powered devices can be exploited to connect vehicles to smart city infrastructure, allowing vehicles to share their intentions while retrieving contextual information about diverse aspects of urban viability. In this paper, w...

(This article belongs to the Collection Sensors and Communications for the Social Good)
  • Review
  • Open Access
740 Views
27 Pages

27 August 2026

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the integration of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Digital Twin (DT) technologies for intelligent traffic management. It examines the role of key enabling technologies, including the Internet...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT-Driven Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
6,744 Views
16 Pages

SURROGATES: Virtual OBUs to Foster 5G Vehicular Services

  • José Santa,
  • Pedro J. Fernández,
  • Jordi Ortiz,
  • Ramon Sanchez-Iborra and
  • Antonio F. Skarmeta

Virtualization technologies are key enablers of softwarized 5G networks, and their usage in the vehicular domain can provide flexibility and reliability in real deployments, where mobility and processing needs may be an issue. Next-generation vehicul...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart, Connected and Efficient Transportation Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,820 Views
19 Pages

Random Access Preamble Design for 6G Satellite–Terrestrial Integrated Communication Systems

  • Min Hua,
  • Zhongqiu Wu,
  • Cong Zhang,
  • Zeyang Xu and ,
  • Xiaoming Liu and
  • Wen Zhou
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

8 September 2025

Satellite–terrestrial integrated communication systems (STICSs) are envisioned to provide ubiquitous, seamless connectivity in next-generation (6G) wireless communication networks for massive-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments. This glo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 5G/6G Networks for Wireless Communication and IoT)

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