During development, mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons form into different molecular subsets. Knowledge of which factors contribute to the specification of these subsets is currently insufficient. In this study, we examined the role of Tcf4...
Several genetic diseases affecting the human nervous system are incurable and insufficiently understood. Among them, nine rare diseases form the polyglutamine (polyQ) family: Huntington’s disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7...
Background and Objectives: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is an isoenzyme of enolase, of which the γ isoform is expressed in nerve cells. The activity of NSE occurs during late neuronal differentiation, which determines the specificity of the en...
Neurodegeneration is a complex process that leads to irreversible neuronal damage and death in spinal cord injury (SCI) and various neurodegenerative diseases, which are serious, debilitating conditions. Despite exhaustive research, the cause of neur...
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is considered one of the most effective treatments for psychiatric disorders. ECT has proven effective in the treatment of depression, mania, catatonia and psychosis. It is presumed that seizures induced during ECT adm...
Background: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is increasingly recognized as a disorder involving not only hair-cell damage but also selective degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Recent single-cell, molecular, and functional studies have r...
To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and control rats 1...
Autistic spectrum disease (ASD) is an increasingly common diagnosis nowadays with a prevalence of 1–2% in most countries. Its complex causality—a combination of genetic, immune, metabolic, and environmental factors—is translated int...
Dual-specificity protein phosphatases comprise a protein phosphatase subfamily with selectivity towards mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, also named MKPs, or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases. As powerful regulators of the i...
The prediction of outcomes following cardiac arrest continues to provide significant difficulties. A preferred strategy involves adopting a multimodal approach, which encompasses the careful evaluation of the biomarker neuron-specific enolase (NSE)....
Introduction: Although transfemoral aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a safe treatment for elderly patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, postoperative microembolism has been described. In this secondary endpoint analysis of the POST-TAVR trial...
Background: Proper prognostication is critical in clinical decision-making following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, only a few prognostic tools with reliable accuracy are available within the first 24 h after admission. Aim: To test...
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has gained extensive attention as a reliable target for detecting small cell carcinoma of lungs. In this paper, an electrochemical immunoassay method based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is proposed to detect NSE sensiti...
Background: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) has traditionally been used as a biomarker to predict neurologic outcomes after cardiac arrest. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of NSE in predicting neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing extraco...
For achieving retrograde gene transfer, we have so far developed two types of lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with fusion envelope glycoprotein, termed HiRet vector and NeuRet vector, consisting of distinct combinations of rabies virus and vesicular s...
Biochemical markers can be used in addition to neuroimaging techniques to evaluate the extent of ischemic brain injuries and to enable earlier diagnosis and faster intervention following the ischemic event. Among the potential biomarkers of ischemic...
Background and Objectives: An atrial high-rate episode (AHRE) is defined according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines as a heart rate of ≥175 bpm lasting at least 5 min. This study aimed to evaluate whether neuron-specific enol...
This study aimed to determine the prognostic ability of serial neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and lactate in cardiac arrest survivors treated with targeted temperature management (TTM) and to investigate whether a combination of NSE and lactate could...
Background: We investigated whether Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) serum concentration predicts long-term mortality and poor neurological outcome in adult cardiac arrest patients. Methods: Within this prospective observational study, we included conse...
Background/Objectives: Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a biomarker of neuronal injury, but its prognostic role in pediatric convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between serum NSE levels and short-...
Background/Objectives: Static reference intervals (RIs) fail to capture the dynamic changes in bioanalytes. This study aimed to develop gender-based continuous age- and season-related RIs for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using real-world data and to...
Background/Objectives: Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is one of the most extensively investigated biomarkers for neurological prognostication after cardiac arrest. However, uncertainty remains regarding the influence of targeted temperature management...
Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a critical condition for preterm neonates with potential long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. This prospective longitudinal case–control study aimed at investigating the levels and prognostic value of se...
Background and Objectives: Controlled hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) improves surgical field visibility but may pose a risk of subclinical cerebral hypoperfusion. Serum S100Β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are e...
Background: Hemolysis, a common adverse event associated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), may affect neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and potentially confound its prognostic value in predicting neurological outcom...
We compared the prognostic performances of serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NSE (cNSE), and CSF S100 calcium-binding protein B (cS100B) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. This prospective observational...
The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) group of neurons comprises molecularly distinct subgroups, of which the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are the best known, due to the selective degeneration of the SN during Parkinson&r...
Protein homeostasis or proteostasis is a fundamental cellular property that encompasses the dynamic balancing of processes in the proteostasis network (PN). Such processes include protein synthesis, folding, and degradation in both non-stressed and s...
Despite numerous studies conducted by various research teams, predicting long-term outcomes (known as Post-COVID-19 Syndrome, PCS) that may result from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains challenging. PCS affects over a million people, primar...
Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are important regulators of neuronal cell growth and differentiation by targeting proteins essential to neuronal survival in signaling pathways, among which the MAP kinases (MAPKs) stand out. DUSPs include the MA...
Humans are arguably the most complex organisms present on Earth with their ability to imagine, create, and problem solve. As underlying mechanisms enabling these capacities reside in the brain, it is not surprising that the brain has undergone an ext...
The mammalian nervous system is an immensely heterogeneous organ composed of a diverse collection of neuronal types that interconnect in complex patterns. Synapses are highly specialized neuronal cell-cell junctions with common and distinct functiona...
Nervous systems are comprised of diverse cell types that differ functionally and morphologically. During development, extrinsic signals, e.g., growth factors, can activate intrinsic programs, usually orchestrated by networks of transcription factors....
In vitro models of corticogenesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly improved our understanding of human brain development and disease. Among these, 3D cortical organoid systems are able to recapitulate some aspects of in vivo cytoarchit...
Here we demonstrate that human neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferate while in space and they express specific NSC markers after being in space. NSCs displayed both higher oxygen consumption and glycolysis than ground controls. These cells also kept th...
Many neurological disorders and diseases including drug addiction are associated with specific neuronal cell types in the brain. The striatum, a region that plays a critically important role in the development of addictive drug-related behavior, prov...
Background: Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) is a severe pathological condition characterized by involuntary detrusor contractions leading to urine leakage. This condition is frequent after spinal cord injury (SCI). Gene therapy for NDO require...
In the context of the modeling and simulation of neural nets, we formulate definitions for the behavioral realization of memoryless functions. The definitions of realization are substantively different for deterministic and stochastic systems constru...
Gangliogliomas are extremely rare tumors of the nervous system composed of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells. The aim of the present paper is to describe the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and histopathological and...
Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in open-domain dialogue, yet they continue to struggle with long-term multi-session conversations (MSC), particularly in non-English languages such as Korean. In this work, we present a compr...
We read with great interest the review article on pathophysiology and treatment based on different out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. We wish to present our comments on the threshold values for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) based on the...
The enolase2 gene is usually expressed in mature neurons and also named neuron specific enolase (NSE). In the present study, we first obtained the NSE gene cDNA sequence by using the RACE method based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) fragment from...
Type 3 diabetes (T3D) accurately reflects that dementia, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, represents insulin resistance and neurodegeneration in the brain. Similar retinal microvascular changes were observed in Alzheimer’s and chronic stressed individuals....
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can activate pro-inflammatory cascades in the gastrointestinal tract. Our aim was to determine TLR4 expression in myenteric neurons of different gut regions using a type 1 diabetic model. Ten weeks after the onset of hyper...
Background: Methamphetamine (MA) use in people living with HIV (PLWH) has been linked to neurocognitive and behavioral dysregulation. We hypothesized that PLWH with active MA use (MAHIV) would show poorer cognitive performance, greater emotional and...
Hand stencils and prints are found globally in rock art, reflecting the sine qua non role of the hand in human evolution. The body itself is the tool, and it affords the registering, in the form of a trace, of what perceptual psychology terms an “eco...
Background and Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine whether there is a difference in physical therapy outcomes in patients with cervical and/or lumbar pain who have insomnia compared to patients without insomnia during a two-week pe...
Background/Objectives: In recent years, the perception of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has significantly changed, which implies the need to revise the approach towards post-injury monitoring. Since post-concussion symptoms may overlap with mani...
Complex endovascular aortic repair (coEVAR) of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) has greatly evolved in the past decades. Despite substantial improvements of postoperative care, spinal cord injury (SCI) remains the most devastating complicatio...
Using a Au nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide composite (AuNP-RGO), a signal-enhanced electrochemical immunosensor without label was created to detect neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Furthermore, an environmentally-friendly method was developed to pr...
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