Caecilians (order Gymnophiona) are apodan, snake-like amphibians, usually with fossorial habits, constituting one of the most unknown groups of terrestrial vertebrates. As in orders Anura (frogs, tree frogs and toads) and Caudata (salamanders and new...
The skin of the frog Xenopus laeevis is protected from microbial infections by a mucus barrier that contains frog integumentary mucins (FIM)-A.1, FIM-B.1, and FIM-C.1. These gel-forming mucins are synthesized in mucous glands consisting of ordinary m...
Background/Objectives: This study explores the ocular anatomy and glandular components of domestic dogs compared to their ancestor, the wolf, with the aim of identifying evolutionary changes due to domestication and their implications for ocular path...
This work aims to study the major salivary gland morphology of peccaries during their growth. The glands were analyzed using macroscopic description, light microscopy, electron microscopy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Topographically, th...
In terrestrial mammals, the parotid and mandibular glands secrete different types of saliva into the oral cavity. Both glands were obtained from two female lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) and one female aardvark (Orycteropus afer) from the Wrocla...
Sharks belong to the most primitive group of jawed vertebrates and have some special structural and functional features such as a cartilaginous skeleton, a spiral intestinal valve, and a rectal gland for osmoregulation. In January 2020, ten specimens...
White or pale-yellow nodules 2–7 mm in length were observed in the esophageal lumen in a number of laying broiler breeders with reduced laying rates. Metaplasia of the mucosal epithelial layer and mucous gland, as well as lymphocyte infiltratio...
Common toads have been used since ancient times for remedies and thus constitute excellent biological material for pharmacological and natural product research. According to the results of a previous analysis of the therapeutic use of amphibians in S...
Background and Clinical Significance: Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES), also known as sialodochitis fibrinosa, is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent salivary gland swelling caused by intraductal eosinophilic mucous plugs. Typical histopatholog...
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) has evolved a large number of mucous glands in the intestinal lining to adapt to the digestion of high-fiber foods. However, in captive pandas, excessive mucus might form a mass and then be eliminated, which i...
The TFF peptides xP1 and xP4 from Xenopus laevis are orthologs of TFF1 and TFF2, respectively. xP1 is secreted as a monomer from gastric surface mucous cells and is generally not associated with mucins, whereas xP4 is a typical secretory peptide from...
The oral cavity serves as the primary path through which substances from the outside world enter our body. Therefore, it functions as a critical component of host defense. Saliva is essential for maintaining a stable oral environment by catching harm...
Human saliva is a complex body fluid with more than 3000 different identified proteins. Besides rheological and lubricating properties, saliva supports wound healing and acts as an antimicrobial barrier. TFF peptides are secreted from the mucous acin...
Although the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract has been characterized in the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), the exact anatomy of its tongue has not been studied. Samples of the lingual papillae and lingual glands were collected from the tong...
The vomeronasal organ (VNO) detects specific chemicals such as pheromones and kairomones. Hedgehogs (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae) have a well-developed accessory olfactory bulb that receives projections from the VNO, but little is known about the hedge...
The lowland tapir is one of four species belonging to the Tapiridae family of the Ceratomorpha suborder, similar to Rhinocerotidae. This study describes anatomy with morphometry, histology (hematoxylin and eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, Movat penta...
Background/Objectives: This paper synthesizes and evaluates the potential origins of ectopic salivary gland pathologies in the human nasopharynx. By combining historical reports with an original comparative analysis, this study aims to clarify the pr...
In the case of any pathologies arising in the hard palate, it is always important to exclude their possible odontogenic origins. Cone-beam computed tomography is mandatory. In cases where a possible non-teeth-related pathology is confirmed, each clin...
Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a significant respiratory pathogen leading to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially in children. Up to 30% of confirmed MP cases can develop dermatological symptoms, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-i...
The lectin TFF2 belongs to the trefoil factor family (TFF). This polypeptide is typically co-secreted with the mucin MUC6 from gastric mucous neck cells, antral gland cells, and duodenal Brunner glands. Here, TFF2 fulfills a protective function by fo...
The study describes the ultrastructure of the tongue in the Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical methods were used for evaluation of lingual salivary glands. The tongue is divided into a s...
In this study, we present first data concerning the morphological observations of the orbital region, eye tunics, upper and lower eyelids, superficial gland of the third eyelid with the third eyelid, and lacrimal gland in captive adult male Asiatic b...
Introduction: Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) is characterized by intermittent swelling of one or both parotid glands, accompanied by pain and associated with non-obstructive sialectasia. Sialoendoscopy is considered a significant treatment for JR...
The main toxic component of endotoxins released from the death or dissolution of Gram-negative bacteria is lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which exists widely in the natural environment, and a large amount of endotoxin can significantly inhibit the reprodu...
This study offers a comprehensive morpho-histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the Malabar red snapper. A comparison of its GIT morphology with that of the Asian seabass reveals similarities and differences between the two spec...
Amphibians of the family Phyllomedusidae produce complex cutaneous secretions with ecological and pharmacological relevance. Here, we investigated the skin morphology of Pithecopus oreades and P. azureus and the antioxidant function of the tryptophyl...
Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, because of the presence of nerve structures (brain stem, spinal cord, and brachial plexus), salivary glands (SGs), mucous membranes, and swallowing muscles in the head and ne...
X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) is a rare genetic disorder characte-rised by abnormal development of the skin and its appendages, such as hair and sweat glands, the teeth, and mucous glands of the airways, resulting in serious, som...
The skin of vertebrates serves as a crucial interface with the external environment. In fish, it performs various functions, mainly offering protection against pathogens through the action of specialized cells. Cyclostomes, such as hagfish, lack scal...
The present study was undertaken to determine the amounts of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogs (TTXs) in various tissues of toxin-bearing pufferfish (Canthigaster revulata and Takifugu flavipterus) and newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) using specific polyc...
The aim of this study is to retrospectively investigate the effectiveness of outpatient ductal steroid irrigations (DSIs) as an adjuvant treatment in recurrent inflammatory obstructive sialadenitis (RIOS). A retrospective chart review of prospectivel...
Background: Gastric glands grow and cells reach differentiation at weaning in rats. By considering that early weaning (EW) can affect the timing of development, we aimed to compare molecular and cellular markers of differentiation in pups and adults....
The oral mucosa is a mechanical barrier against the penetration and colonization of microorganisms. Oral homeostasis is maintained by congenital and adaptive systems in conjunction with normal oral flora and an intact oral mucosa. Components contribu...
Background/Objectives: Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) are rare clear cell neoplasms with overlapping histopathological features. This study aimed to compare their clinicopathological characteristic...
The terrestrial land snail Theba pisana is circum-Mediterranean in native range and widely introduced and pestiferous in regions around the world. In California, USA, T. pisana has been recorded intermittently since 1914, but its source population(s)...
Solid lesions of the mandibular–sublingual salivary gland complex are rare in dogs. We report the case of an 11-year-old, 5 kg, intact female Maltese dog that presented with a non-painful, 2–3 cm left cervical swelling, soft at the surfac...
Mutations within the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene have been associated with congenital hypotrichosis and anodontia (HAD/XHED) in humans, mice, dogs and cattle. We identified a three-generation family of Fleckvieh cattle with male calves exhibiting clin...
Background and Objectives: The male urethra is a complex structure that plays a critical role in genitourinary health and function. Despite its importance, histological descriptions of the penile urethra, particularly its epithelial components, remai...
Introduction: Changes in mucin production and dyscrinia are common features of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Immunohistochemical assessment of MUC-2, MUC-3, MUC-4 expression in the integumentary epithelium, goblet cell...
The second stomach compartment (C2) of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) plays an important role in digestion. However, detailed morphological and histochemical data remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the gross anatomy, histologi...
Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor with various histological variants that arise from different cell types, such as bronchial epithelium, bronchioles, alveoli, or bronchial mucous glands. The clinical course and treatment efficacy of lung cancer d...
Debate over the origin of squamate venom is frequently distorted by treating molecular availability, toxin recruitment and secretion, functional venom, and delivery-system elaboration as a single evolutionary event. This review separates these transi...
A male Eleutherodactylus Coqui (EC, a frog) expands and contracts its gular skin to a great extent during mating calls, displaying its extraordinarily compliant organ. There are striking similarities between frog gular skin and the human bladder as b...
Tuft cells are a rare type of epithelial cell that are essential to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Mucosal immunity is also composed primarily of IgA produced by B cells that is secreted onto mucosal surfaces as secretory IgA via the...