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Case Reports in Oral Diseases
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Case Reports in Oral Diseases

A special issue of Reports (ISSN 2571-841X). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry/Oral Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2026 | Viewed by 6907

Editors

Prof. Dr. Athanasios K. Poulopoulos

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: oral cancer; oral precancer; salivary diseases and neoplasms; oral manifestations of systemic diseases; oral pigmentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vasileios Zisis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Dentistry (Oral Medicine-Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, European University Cyprus, Diogenous Street 6, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
2. Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: oral and maxillofacial medicine; oral and maxillofacial pathology; oral and maxillofacial radiology; oral and maxillofacial surgery; periodontology; implantology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the commencement of a new Special Issue dedicated to “Case Reports in Oral Diseases”. This Special Issue aims to highlight unique, rare, and instructive clinical cases that offer valuable insights into the diagnosis, management, and understanding of oral and maxillofacial conditions.

Oral diseases are health conditions that affect the mouth and surrounding structures, including the teeth, gums, tongue, lips, jaw, and oral mucosa. These diseases can cause pain, discomfort, difficulty eating or speaking, and in severe cases can affect overall health. Many oral diseases are preventable and are often linked to poor oral hygiene, unhealthy diet, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, or infections.

Examples of oral diseases:

  • Oral cancer—cancer that develops in the tissues of the mouth or throat; often linked to tobacco and alcohol use;
  • Oral candidiasis (thrush)—a fungal infection in the mouth, common in elderly people or individuals with weakened immune systems;
  • Aphthous ulcers (mouth ulcers)—painful sores inside the mouth that may result from stress, injury, or nutritional deficiencies;
  • Halitosis (bad breath)—often caused by poor oral hygiene, gum disease, or infections in the mouth.

By showcasing well-documented case reports, we hope to foster clinical learning, support evidence-based practice, and encourage scholarly discussion within the dental and medical communities. We invite submissions that present novel findings, complex clinical presentations, interdisciplinary approaches, or innovative treatment strategies. High-quality images, clear diagnostic reasoning, and concise discussions on clinical implications are especially encouraged. We look forward to your contributions and to advancing knowledge in the field of oral health through this focused collection of impactful case reports.

Prof. Dr. Athanasios K. Poulopoulos
Dr. Vasileios Zisis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Reports is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral cancer
  • oral squamous cell carcinoma
  • oral tumors
  • oral potentially malignant disorders
  • oral autoimmune disorders
  • oral leukoplakia
  • lichen planus
  • odontogenic cysts and tumors
  • non-odontogenic cysts and tumors
  • mucocutaneous diseases
  • periodontitis
  • biopsy

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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10 pages, 1601 KB  
Case Report
A Case Report of Eosinophilic Sialodochitis with Right Submandibular Sialolithiasis and Hyperattenuating Material Along Wharton’s Duct
by Tomohiro Kawasumi, Takao Hamamoto, Takashi Ishino, Tsutomu Ueda and Sachio Takeno
Reports 2026, 9(3), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9030272 - 14 Aug 2026
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES), also known as sialodochitis fibrinosa, is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent salivary gland swelling caused by intraductal eosinophilic mucous plugs. Typical histopathological findings include eosinophils and Charcot–Leyden crystals within ductal secretions, and characteristic imaging [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES), also known as sialodochitis fibrinosa, is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent salivary gland swelling caused by intraductal eosinophilic mucous plugs. Typical histopathological findings include eosinophils and Charcot–Leyden crystals within ductal secretions, and characteristic imaging findings include salivary duct dilatation and glandular swelling. Although rare cases associated with sialolithiasis or calcification have been reported, high-attenuation material within the salivary duct on computed tomography (CT) has not been clearly described in ES. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman with allergic rhinitis presented with recurrent swelling and pain in the right submandibular area. CT and ultrasonography revealed a large sialolith in the right submandibular gland and dilatation of Wharton’s duct. She underwent right submandibular gland excision for presumed chronic obstructive submandibular sialadenitis with a sialolith. Soon after surgery, she developed recurrent swelling of the right floor of the mouth, and CT showed persistent high-attenuation material along Wharton’s duct without residual sialolith. Ductal massage discharged a brownish gelatinous material. Histopathological examination revealed numerous eosinophils and Charcot–Leyden crystals in both the discharged mucous plug and decalcified sialolith, fulfilling Baer’s diagnostic criteria for ES. Physical extraction and anti-allergic medications were insufficient, whereas ductal irrigation with saline and triamcinolone acetonide markedly reduced mucous plug discharge. Symptoms were controlled during 18 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Retained eosinophilic mucin in ES may appear as high-attenuation ductal material on CT and contribute to salivary stasis and sialolith formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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10 pages, 5809 KB  
Case Report
Pre-Eruptive Intracoronal Resorption: Report of Two Cases
by Līna Petrova, Jūlija Ustiča, Elīna Rasčevska and Shaju Jacob Pulikkotil
Reports 2026, 9(2), 190; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020190 - 17 Jun 2026
Viewed by 426
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is a rare developmental anomaly resembling occlusal caries despite the absence of an external breach. Case Presentation: We report of two cases. The first case involves a 9-year-old girl with PEIR of tooth 24 that was [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is a rare developmental anomaly resembling occlusal caries despite the absence of an external breach. Case Presentation: We report of two cases. The first case involves a 9-year-old girl with PEIR of tooth 24 that was not identified on a panoramic radiograph taken one year earlier. The lesion later became clinically evident, presenting with symptoms and discoloration, and progressed to irreversible pulpitis requiring pulpotomy. This case highlights the importance of careful interpretation of paediatric panoramic radiographs and timely intervention to preserve pulp vitality in developing permanent teeth. The second case concerns a 16-year-old girl in whom PEIR was incidentally detected on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in tooth 38. As the tooth has not yet erupted, its future clinical presentation and progression remain uncertain. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no published reports specifically describing PEIR in patients from the Baltic region. Conclusions: Early radiographic detection of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is essential to prevent pulpal involvement and improve treatment outcomes, particularly when combined with careful interpretation of routine paediatric radiographs to minimize the risk of delayed diagnosis. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing asymptomatic disease progression and integrating multidisciplinary approach to provide individualized treatment planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 10574 KB  
Case Report
Non-Surgical Periodontal Defect Fill and Spontaneous Tooth Repositioning: A Case Report
by Hani T. Fadel
Reports 2026, 9(2), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020186 - 15 Jun 2026
Viewed by 467
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Advanced periodontitis destroys tooth-supporting structures and causes pathologic tooth migration (PTM) and functional and esthetic repercussions. This report illustrates how non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) addresses such concerns. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old woman (healthy, who quit smoking) complained [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Advanced periodontitis destroys tooth-supporting structures and causes pathologic tooth migration (PTM) and functional and esthetic repercussions. This report illustrates how non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) addresses such concerns. Case Presentation: A 34-year-old woman (healthy, who quit smoking) complained of a space between her upper front teeth. Based on clinical and radiographic data, she had localized periodontitis stage III grade C with intrabony defects, deep pockets, and a diastema between teeth # 12 and 11. The treatment plan involved improvement of self-performed oral hygiene measures and NSPT. Initially, improvements in plaque, bleeding, and pocket depth scores were observed. Non-surgical re-treatment of residual sites was associated with further improvements and complete closure of the diastema, along with patient satisfaction with the outcome. Conclusions: The potential of NSPT in improving periodontal clinical parameters and the association with spontaneous tooth repositioning and apparent filling of intrabony defects radiographically is demonstrated, ultimately addressing the patient’s functional and esthetic concerns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 6730 KB  
Case Report
Histiocytic Sarcoma Presenting as a Submandibular Mass in a 93-Year-Old Patient: A Case Report
by Evangelos Kostares, Athina Chatzigavriil, Georgia Kostare, Domna Efthymiou, Charikleia Kouvidou, Ourania Schoinohoriti, Christos Perisanidis and Stavroula Diamantopoulou
Reports 2026, 9(2), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020161 - 20 May 2026
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Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, which is particularly uncommon in the head and neck region and exceedingly rare within lymph nodes associated with salivary glands. The present study aims to describe the clinical, radiologic, [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare and aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, which is particularly uncommon in the head and neck region and exceedingly rare within lymph nodes associated with salivary glands. The present study aims to describe the clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and immunophenotypic features of a primary histiocytic sarcoma, arising in a lymph node within the submandibular gland, and to highlight the diagnostic challenges and management considerations through a correlation with the existing literature. Case presentation: This case report was conducted according to the CARE guidelines. A 93-year-old male presented with a progressively enlarging mass at the right submandibular region. Clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, and fine-needle aspiration cytology were performed, raising suspicion for a malignancy. The patient underwent surgical excision of the right submandibular gland with limited level Ib lymph node dissection. Histopathological evaluation combined with an extensive immunohistochemical panel established the diagnosis of histiocytic sarcoma. The tumor was composed of pleomorphic epithelioid and spindle-shaped cells with marked cytologic atypia and high mitotic activity. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong positivity for histiocytic markers (CD163, CD68, CD14) and negativity for epithelial, lymphoid, and dendritic cell markers, allowing for the exclusion of major differential diagnoses. The proliferative index (Ki-67) was approximately 90%, indicating aggressive biological potential. FDG PET-CT performed two months after surgery showed no evidence of residual, regional, or distant disease. Considering the localized presentation and the patient’s advanced age, no adjuvant therapy was administered. During follow-up, no evidence of recurrence or disease progression was observed. Conclusions: Primary histiocytic sarcoma involving a lymph node within the submandibular gland is extremely rare and may clinically and cytologically mimic other malignancies. Accurate diagnosis relies on comprehensive immunohistochemical evaluation and exclusion of phenotypic mimickers. A review of previously reported cases of cervical lymph node histiocytic sarcoma demonstrated an age range from 35 to 80 years, with a male predominance and a higher incidence in Asian countries. Most cases presented with localized cervical lymph node disease. Surgical excision was the most commonly applied treatment, and was frequently associated with favorable outcomes, with several patients remaining disease-free during follow-up periods ranging from 24 to 48 months. The accumulation of additional well-documented cases is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide evidence-based treatment strategies for this uncommon entity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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12 pages, 493 KB  
Case Report
Early-Onset Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Absence of Traditional Risk Factors: A Case Report with Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis
by Evgeniy Aleksiev, Darina Lyudmilova Kachakova-Yordanova, Vanyo Mitev, Martin Marinov Georgiev and Zornitsa Mihaylova
Reports 2026, 9(2), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020130 - 24 Apr 2026
Viewed by 858
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) typically develops in individuals with established risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, yet an increasing number of cases occur in young non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients. We report a case of oral tongue OSCC in a 33-year-old [...] Read more.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) typically develops in individuals with established risk factors such as tobacco and alcohol use, yet an increasing number of cases occur in young non-smoking, non-drinking (NSND) patients. We report a case of oral tongue OSCC in a 33-year-old woman who is a never-smoker and never-drinker without identifiable environmental or local risk factors. The patient underwent surgical treatment followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and remains disease-free 15 months after therapy. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a pathogenic truncating TP53 mutation together with additional somatic alterations affecting genes involved in DNA repair, hypoxia adaptation, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic regulation. The heterogeneous mutational profile suggests branched tumor evolution and the involvement of non-classical tumorigenic pathways. This report contributes to the growing evidence that OSCC in young NSND patients represents a biologically distinct subgroup and demonstrates the value of comprehensive genomic profiling for improving understanding of tumor heterogeneity and potential molecular drivers in the absence of traditional carcinogenic exposures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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9 pages, 8825 KB  
Case Report
Submandibular Nodular Fasciitis Mimicking Inflammatory and Sarcomatous Lesions: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Evangelos Kostares, Georgia Kostare, Panagiota Vlachou, Kamil Nelke, Theodore Argyrakos, Ourania Schoinohoriti, Christos Perisanidis and Stavroula Diamantopoulou
Reports 2026, 9(2), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020121 - 15 Apr 2026
Viewed by 892
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Nodular fasciitis is a benign, self-limited myofibroblastic proliferation that frequently mimics malignant soft-tissue tumors both clinically and radiologically. Although it has been well described in the extremities, its uncommon occurrence in the submandibular region poses a diagnostic challenge. [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Nodular fasciitis is a benign, self-limited myofibroblastic proliferation that frequently mimics malignant soft-tissue tumors both clinically and radiologically. Although it has been well described in the extremities, its uncommon occurrence in the submandibular region poses a diagnostic challenge. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 22-year-old male patient, presenting with a rapidly enlarging painless swelling in the left submandibular region. Ultrasound demonstrated a well-defined subcutaneous lesion, while magnetic resonance imaging revealed heterogeneous enhancement with diffusion restriction, suggesting inflammatory or neoplastic pathology. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed spindle-cell proliferation with pseudosarcomatous features, warranting histological examination to exclude malignancy. Surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination demonstrated a myofibroblastic proliferation with tissue culture-like morphology. Immunohistochemistry showed diffuse SMA positivity while many other immunohistological markers were negative, arguing against several histologic mimics. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed USP6 gene rearrangement, establishing the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis. Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by nodular fasciitis in the head and neck region and emphasizes the importance of correlating imaging, cytology, histopathology, and molecular findings to avoid overtreatment. The literature review further supports the benign clinical course of this rare entity in the submandibular region and underscores the value of including it in the differential diagnosis of submandibular masses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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12 pages, 1219 KB  
Case Report
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta in Primary Dentition: Case Report
by Līna Petrova, Jūlija Ustiča and Ingrīda Čēma
Reports 2026, 9(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports9020115 - 10 Apr 2026
Viewed by 2627
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary dentin disorder that compromises tooth structure, esthetics, and function. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 1.5-year-old female presenting with generalized discoloration of the primary dentition and intermittent sensitivity to thermal stimuli. [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary dentin disorder that compromises tooth structure, esthetics, and function. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 1.5-year-old female presenting with generalized discoloration of the primary dentition and intermittent sensitivity to thermal stimuli. The diagnosis of dentinogenesis imperfecta was established based on characteristic clinical features, radiographic findings, and a positive family history. The patient was followed longitudinally from 2020 to 2025, with documentation of diagnostic findings, radiographic changes, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes. Management included placement of composite veneers on the maxillary incisors for esthetic rehabilitation and sealants on second primary molars as a preventive measure. Although various management approaches have been described in the literature, evidence regarding optimal strategies and long-term outcomes in the primary dentition remains limited. This case highlights the occurrence of asymptomatic periapical pathology and root resorption despite minimal clinical symptoms, underscoring the challenges of relying on symptom-based assessment alone. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, regular radiographic monitoring, and individualized, risk-based treatment planning are essential in managing dentinogenesis imperfecta. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing asymptomatic disease progression and integrating psychosocial considerations into comprehensive care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Oral Diseases)
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