The integration of communication and sensing (ICAS) in optical networks is an inevitable trend in building intelligent, multi-scenario, application-converged communication systems. However, due to the impact of nonlinear effects, co-fiber transmissio...
In this paper, we skillfully utilize the discriminative ability of the discriminator to construct a conditional generative adversarial network, and propose a scheme that uses few symbols to achieve high accuracy recognition of modulation formats unde...
In coherent optical communication systems, where multiple modulation formats are mixed and variable, the correct identification of signal modulation formats provides the foundation for subsequent performance improvement using digital algorithms. A mo...
In this paper, we propose a multi-feature fusion network (MFF-Net) for a modulation format identification (MFI) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring scheme. The constellation map data used in this work comes from five modulation format...
Spatial channel networks (SCNs) and related key technologies have been proposed to increase the capacity and flexibility of optical networks. We define the network resource allocation problem in a static SCN as the routing, modulation format (MF), sp...
As optical networks evolve towards flexibility and heterogeneity, various modulation formats are used to match different bandwidth requirements and channel conditions. For correct reception and efficient compensation, modulation format identification...
In this work, we propose a combined method to implement both modulation format identification (MFI) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) estimation, a method based on density-based spatial clustering of applications with a noise (DBSCAN) algorith...
A modulation format identification (MFI) scheme based on multi-dimensional amplitude features is proposed for elastic optical networks. According to the multi-dimensional amplitude features, incoming polarization division multiplexed (PDM) signals ca...
In indoor visible light communication (VLC), the received signals are subject to severe interference due to factors such as high-brightness backgrounds, long-distance transmissions, and indoor obstructions. This results in an increase in misclassific...
Joint modulation format identification (MFI) and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring constitutes one of the most critical functions integrated in digital coherent receivers, ensuring high flexibility and stability in elastic optical netwo...
Modulation format identification (MFI) is one of the most critical functions embedded in digital coherent receivers in elastic optical networks (EONs). In view of inherent amplitude and phase characteristics of received signals, different modulation...
The satellite-to-ground communication system is a significant part of future space communication networks. The free-space optical (FSO) communication technique is a prospective solution for satellite-to-ground communication. However, atmospheric opti...
As sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) advances towards ultra-high speed and global coverage, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a crucial complementary technology due to its ultra-high bandwidth, low power consumption, and immun...
In this work, a prior-training-free and low-complexity modulation format identification (MFI) scheme, based on amplitude histogram distributions, was proposed and demonstrated, both numerically and experimentally, for autonomous digital coherent rece...
In this study, a joint modulation format identification and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring algorithm is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM...
Optical performance monitoring is essential for adaptive and intelligent coherent optical communication systems. In this paper, a Transformer-based multi-task meta-learning framework is proposed for joint modulation format identification and electric...
Recently, various deep learning methods have been applied to Modulation Format Identification (MFI). The interpretability of deep learning models is important. However, this interpretability is challenged due to the black-box nature of deep learning....
In optical communications, four-dimensional (4D) modulation formats encode information onto the quadrature components of two arbitrary orthogonal states of polarisation of the optical field. Many analytical models available in the optical communicati...
High-precision time and frequency transfer plays a pivotal role in metrology, geodesy, deep-space exploration and other scientific applications. Based on current time synchronization research, extending point-to-point schemes into a wide-area network...
Background/Objectives: The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogenic bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative therapeutic strategies that target bacterial virulence rather than cell viability. Methods: In this...
Network automation promises to reduce costs while guaranteeing the required performance; this is paramount when dealing with the forecasted highly dynamic traffic that will be generated by new 5G/6G applications. In optical networks, autonomous light...
Visible light communication is an emerging high-speed optical wireless communication technology that can be a candidate to alleviate pressure on conventional radio frequency-based technology. In this paper, for the first time, the advanced modulation...
Adaptive free-space optical (FSO) communication links have been extensively studied in order to adapt to variable atmospheric channel environments due to factors such as atmospheric turbulence. As a supporting technology, an all-in-one BPSK/QPSK swit...
In future hybrid fiber and radio access networks, wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PON) based fifth-generation (5G) fronthaul systems are anticipated to coexist with current protocols, potentially leading to non-linearit...
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic transition contributes to several major vascular diseases such as intimal hyperplasia and restenosis, atherosclerosis, and aneurysm. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understoo...
In this paper, asynchronous complex histogram (ACH)-based multi-task artificial neural networks (MT-ANNs), are proposed to realize modulation format identification (MFI), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) estimation and fiber nonlinear (NL) noise...
In this paper, we present a time domain method for extracting coefficients of nonlinear Volterra-series kernels for white light-emitting diodes (LED) used both for illumination and visible light communications. We show that this method may have sever...
With the rapid increase of wireless connectivity, current spectrum resources are not enough for significant requirements for large data capacity. Research interests are moving towards the high-frequency band in the terahertz range for wider bandwidth...
We theoretically analyze the phase noise transfer issue between the pump and the wavelength-converted idler for a nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) scheme, as well as study the vector theory in nonlinear semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), in...
Stilbenoids are anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds, with resveratrol being the most investigated molecule in this class. However, the actions of most other stilbenoids are much less studied. This study compares five monomeric (resveratrol, p...
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have made remarkable progress, are being used across a wide range of consumer electronic applications, and have particularly received much attention from the telecom and datacom industries. However, se...
The Gaussian Q-function has considerable applications in numerous areas of science and engineering. However, the fact that a closed-form expression for this function does not exist encourages finding approximations or bounds of the Q-function. In thi...
Object detection from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is essential for applications such as traffic monitoring, disaster response, and urban surveillance, yet most existing methods are developed and evaluated under clear-sky conditions. In real...
As a typical high-order modulation format optimization technology, constellation probability shaping enhances generalized mutual information (GMI) by optimizing the probability distribution of each constellation point of the signal. It can improve th...
Interleukin-21 (IL21) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity. IL21 is mainly secreted by natural killer (NK) and activated CD4+ T-cells. The biology of this cytokine can be associated to proinflammat...
Liquid crystals, which have both liquid and solid properties, inevitably exhibit fluctuations. Some frustrated liquid-crystalline phases with a hierarchical structure, such as cybotactic nematic, modulated smectic, and bicontinuous cubic phases, are...
The convergence of global plastic pollution and antimicrobial resistance crises has intensified concerns about the role of microplastics (MPs) in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in marine environments. This review synthesizes the mec...
Understanding the changes in tea aroma and non-volatile substances during roasting is essential for optimizing tea processing and enhancing tea quality. In this study, the Carbon Module Labeling (CAMOLA) technique was employed to simulate the roastin...
In order to achieve automatic identification of modulation formats in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier signals, a recognition method based on multiple feature inputs and a Hybrid Training Neural Network (HTNN) is proposed,...
With the rapid development of optical communication systems, more advanced techniques conventionally used in long-haul transmissions have gradually entered systems covering shorter distances below 100 km, where higher-speed connections are required i...
Direct Detection (DD) optical performance monitoring (OPM), Modulation Format Identification (MFI), and Baud Rate Identification (BRI) are envisioned as crucial components of future-generation optical networks. They bring to optical nodes and receive...
The nuclear envelope (NE) consists of the inner and outer nuclear membranes (INM and ONM), and the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which penetrates the double membrane. ONM continues with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). INM and NPC can interact with chro...
Background/Objectives: DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification involved in regulating many cellular processes, including gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage in the form of py...
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Multi-omnidirectional mobile robot formations offer significant advantages for applications in unstructured environments. However, under constraints such as limited field of view and high operator cognitive load, existing teleoperation frameworks str...
This paper carries out a numerical simulation investigating three different modulation formats: carrier suppressed return to zero (CSRZ), modified duobinary return to zero (MDRZ) and return to zero (RZ). The purpose of this investigation is to find t...
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a kind of regulatory molecule that can modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby involving alteration of the physiological characteristics of bacteria. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of m...
Ultrafast laser processing is a critical technology for micro- and nano-fabrication due to its ability to minimize heat-affected zones. The effects of intensity variation on the ultrafast laser ablation of fused silica were investigated to gain funda...
The formation of amyloid-like structures by metabolites is associated with several inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs). These structures display most of the biological, chemical and physical properties of protein amyloids. However, the molecular inter...
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