For a targeted development process of foot prostheses, a profound understanding of the dynamic interaction between humans and prostheses is necessary. In engineering, an often employed method to investigate the dynamics of mechanical systems is Hardw...
With the development of fuel cell vehicle technology, an effective testing method that can be applied to develop and verify the fuel cell vehicle powertrain system is urgently required. This paper presents the X-in-the-Loop (XiL) testing method in th...
Digital twins in vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) test has great practical significance for the functional development, testing and evaluation of intelligent vehicle. The study about the credibility assessment of dynamically evolving models still lacks effe...
This study compares two district heating substation systems for implementation in rural district heating networks with non-retrofitted single- and two-family houses. The aim is to determine which system has the potential to provide lower return tempe...
This study evaluated the properties and processing of cemented paste backfills (CPBs) for potash mining through loop tests. The CPBs were made with steel slags as the binder, granulated potash tailings as the aggregate, and waste brine water as the l...
Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) exhibit significant nonlinear electromagnetic behaviour due to the effects of saturation, cross-coupling, spatial harmonics, temperature, and iron losses. In order to effectively capture the actua...
This paper proposes a new method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of the photovoltaic (PV) system while using a DC-DC boost converter. The conventional perturb and observe (P&O) method has a fast tracking response, but it presents oscillat...
X-in-the-loop is a new vehicle development and validation method for increasingly complex vehicle systems, which integrates the driver and the environment. In view of recent developments in fuel cell electric vehicle powertrain systems, Tongji Univer...
Liquefied natural gas carrier (LNGC) orders are increasing owing to marine environment regulations. The complexity of the integrated system applied to shipbuilding and software errors have increased with the high degree of automation. Direct on-site...
The performance of heat exchangers in the pressurized water test loop is a critical factor in ensuring the achievement of irradiation parameters for fuel assemblies and the safety of experimental operations. The effect of the heat exchange area margi...
Utilizing potassium salt aggregates and waste brine to produce underground cemented filling materials can address the waste storage issue. However, it is essential for the backfill materials to meet specific transport characteristics. This paper exam...
This paper presents the hardware-in-the-loop simulation for dynamic performance test (HILS-DPT) of power electronic equipment replicas using a real-time hybrid simulator (RTHS). The authors developed the procedure of HILS-DPT, and as an actual case e...
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) has been recommended by ISO 26262 as an essential test bench for determining the safety and reliability characteristics of automotive software systems (ASSs). However, due to the complexity and the huge amount of data recor...
Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), a DNA virus classified as Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1, causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in chickens, leading to significant economic losses and health risks for the poultry industry. The rapid de...
Railway communication is undergoing a transitional period worldwide, and 5G for railway (5G-R), which has been adopted by the Railway International Union (UIC) in China and in many other countries, which is a common concern all over the world. The 21...
The rampant spread of COVID-19 and the worldwide prevalence of infected cases demand a rapid, simple, and cost-effective Point of Care Test (PoCT) for the accurate diagnosis of this pandemic. The most common molecular tests approved by regulatory bod...
Automated ventilator controllers have the potential to simplify oxygen and carbon dioxide management for trauma. In the pre-hospital or military medicine environment, trauma care can be required for prolonged periods by personnel with limited ventila...
Visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is qualified to be applied in the field to detect pathogens due to its simplicity, rapidity and cost saving. However, the color changes in currently reported visual reverse transcription LAMP (RT-L...
The AI-in-the-loop system (AIS) has been widely used in various autonomous decision and control systems, such as computing vision, autonomous vehicle, and collision avoidance systems. AIS generates and updates control strategies through learning algo...
The fundamental changes in the energy sector, due to the rise of renewable energy resources and the possibilities of the digitalisation process, result in the demand for new methodologies for testing Smart Grid concepts and control strategies. Using...
The System #2 flow loop used in this study is a 4−inch−diameter, high−temperature, high−pressure system. In situ corrosion and electrochemical measurements were performed using a homemade flat corrosion specimen and a three&mi...
Validation is important for a high product quality of drive components. An X-in-the-Loop test bench enables the integration of scaled prototypes through coupling systems and scaling models even before serial parts are available. In the context of X-i...
Required functions of a microgrid become divers because there are many possible configurations that depend on the location. In order to effectively implement the microgrid system, which consists of a microgrid controller and components with distribut...
The article is dedicated to the methodology of designing component-in-the-loop (CiL) testing systems for automotive powertrains featuring several drivelines, including variants with individually driven axles or wheels. The methodical part begins with...
The smart-grid era is characterized by a progressive penetration of distributed energy resources into the power systems. To ensure the safe operation of the system, it is necessary to evaluate the interactions that those devices and their associated...
With the increasing size and complexity of power systems, it is crucial to have an effective protection system in place to ensure its reliability. One of the important components of the protection system are relays. It is important for a relay to ope...
Uncertainty in the quantification of odour measurements is a difficult (but needed) task. Critical aspects include panel selection (required by dynamic olfactometry), sampling, and stability of the samples. Proficiency tests (PTs) can help evaluate s...
To validate safety-related automotive software systems, experimental tests are conducted at different stages of the V-model, which are referred as “X-in-the-loop (XIL) methods”. However, these methods have significant drawbacks in terms o...
To support NASA’s mission to use nuclear thermal rockets for future Mars missions, an instrumentation and control test bed has been built at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system is designed as a hardware-in-the-loop test bed for testing co...
The availability of simple SARS-CoV-2 detection methods is crucial to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined whether a commercial LAMP assay can reliably detect SARS-CoV-2 genomes directly in respiratory samples without having to extract...
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction...
Purpose: The aim of this study is to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid detection of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods: We developed and validated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) metho...
It is widely recognized that in the transition from conventional electrical power systems (EPSs) towards smart grids, electrical voltage frequency will be greatly affected. This is why this research is extremely valuable, especially since rate-of-cha...
During the inspection stage, an integration test is performed on electronic automobile parts that have passed a unit test. The faults found during this test are reported to the developer, who subsequently modifies the source code. If the tester provi...
Liquid biopsy has been adapted as a diagnostic test for EGFR mutations in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used for the rapid detection of pathogens...
Figure drawing tasks are commonly used standalone or as part of broader screening tests to detect cognitive impairment. Only one study has compared the classification accuracy of three common drawing tasks—overlapping infinity loops, wire cube,...
Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) closed-loop operation is the best candidate for realizing the interface circuit of MEMS accelerometers. However, stability and reliability problems are still the main obstacles hindering its further development for high-e...
For accelerometers targeted in inertial navigation field, the DC bias error is the most destructive system error, affecting the final precision of long-term dead reckoning. This paper proposes a novel self-test and self-calibration technique for canc...
Power systems worldwide are experiencing rapid evolvements with a massive increase of renewable generation in order to meet the ambitious decarbonization targets. A significant amount of renewable generation is from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs...
Initial attitude calibration is a critical yet challenging phase in hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing for space docking, often hindered by cumbersome procedures, safety concerns, and reliance on external equipment. This paper introduces a human&ndas...
Terrestrial radio navigation systems are an important data source for increasing the integrity of position, navigation, and timing information and for strengthening the immunity to the spoofing and jamming of satellite-based systems. A possible solut...
Experimental work with heating systems installed in public transport vehicles, particularly for optimisation and control design, is a challenging task due to cost and space limitations, primarily imposed by the heating hardware and the need to have a...
A compact and low-power all-digital CMOS dual-loop jitter attenuator (DJA) for low-cost built-off-test (BOT) applications such as parallel multi-DUT testing is presented. The proposed DJA adopts a new digital phase interpolator (PI)-based clock recov...
Phasor-domain (RMS) simulations have become increasingly vital in modern power system analysis, particularly as the complexity and scale of these systems have expanded with the integration of renewable energy sources. ePHASORSIM, an advanced phasor-b...
This paper deals with the development of a wind turbine pitch control system and the construction of a Hardware-in-the-Loop-Simulation (HILS) testbed for the performance test of the pitch control system. When the wind speed exceeds the rated wind spe...
Hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in trauma, which can often be avoided with proper fluid resuscitation. Fluid administration can be cognitive-demanding for medical personnel as the rates and volumes must be personalized to the traum...
With the widespread adoption of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in smart substations, the real-time data transmission and interoperability features of the IEC 61850 communication standard play a crucial role in ensuring seamless automation syst...
This study provides an experimentally validated workflow for the development and model-in-the-loop (MIL) validation of flight control laws for a small, low-cost fixed-wing UAV within a model-based design (MBD) framework, addressing the limitation tha...
The paper presents a concept and an implementation of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) energy storage test bench. This system permits to simulate energy management strategies or battery models in real time in combination with a real energy storage system...
In the context of stroke rehabilitation, simple structures and user-intent driven actuation are relevant features to facilitate neuroplasticity as well as deliver a sufficient number of repetitions during a single therapy session. A novel robotic tre...
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