Neural machine translation systems have revolutionized translation processes in terms of quantity and speed in recent years, and they have even been claimed to achieve human parity. However, the quality of their output has also raised serious doubts...
Along with declaratives and interrogatives, imperatives are one of the three major clause types of human language. In Spanish, imperative verb forms present poor morphology, yet complex syntax. The present study examines the acquisition of (morpho)sy...
It is very popular today to integrate voice interfaces into IoT devices. The pronunciation and proper prosody of speech play a major role in the intelligibility and naturalness of synthesized voices. Each language has its own prosodic characteristics...
In recent advancements within natural language processing (NLP), lexical networks play a crucial role in representing semantic relationships between words, enhancing applications from word sense disambiguation to educational tools. Traditional method...
Background: During the fourth age (80+ years), cognitive difficulties increase. Although language seems to resist the advancement of age, an older person without pathological developments in cognition may exhibit deficits in lexical access. This stud...
For decades, linguists have been working to formulate an objective means of distinguishing dialects from languages, but dialect recognition has largely remained a subjective enterprise. Only recently have some studies proposed a processing-based psyc...
Vocabulary plays a key role in speech production, affecting multiple stages of language processing. This pilot study investigates the relationships between second language (L2) learners’ lexical access and their speaking fluency, speaking accur...
This study investigated whether self-adaptor behaviours, defined as non-communicative bodily actions such as touching one’s face or clasping one’s hands, facilitate lexical retrieval. Sixty Japanese-speaking adults were assigned to one of...
Graphs have become ubiquitous structures to encode geographic knowledge online. The Semantic Web’s linked open data, folksonomies, wiki websites and open gazetteers can be seen as geo-knowledge graphs, that is labeled graphs whose vertices represent...
This paper investigates variation on the level of lexis in Austrian German across registers with an apparent-time approach, drawing on data from a large-scale online survey of lexical variation conducted across Austria between 2021 and 2023, comprisi...
This study investigates the phonetic variation in Italian dental affricates, focusing on the role of lexical frequency, phonological context, geographical origin, and speech style (read speech vs. collaborative dialogue). Previous research on lexical...
It has been suggested that social structure affects the degree of lexical variation in sign language emergence. Evidence from signing communities supports this, with smaller, more insular communities typically displaying a higher degree of lexical va...
Previous research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activat...
Derivational affixes are not always automatically classified into functional or lexical categories. Although they are treated differently in various approaches, a shared view contends that the status of a suffix is controversial when it forms categor...
This paper examines the interplay of phonological, morphological, and lexical variation focusing on adjectives in Japanese dialects. Previous studies of adjectives in the Niigata dialects of the Japanese language analyzed the ongoing changes in diale...
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The phonetic characteristics of words are influenced by lexical characteristics, including word frequency and phonological neighborhood density (Baese-Berke & Goldrick, 2009; Wright, 2004). In our previous research, we replicated this effect with...
Individuals who acquire a second language (L2) after infancy often retain features of their native language (L1) accent. Cross-language priming studies have shown negative effects of L1 accent on L2 comprehension, but the role of specific speech feat...
Digital communication in the post-truth era creates conditions for lexical innovation, pragmatic refunctionalization, and semantic change, particularly in languages experiencing intensive contact with English. This study examines selected lexical and...
Ample evidence suggests that monolingual adults can successfully generate lexical and morphosyntactic predictions in reading and that correct predictions facilitate sentence comprehension. In this eye-tracking corpus reading study, we investigate whe...
Recently, it was demonstrated that generalized entropies of order α offer novel and important opportunities to quantify the similarity of symbol sequences where α is a free parameter. Varying this parameter makes it possible to magnify di...
In the medical domain, user-generated social media text is increasingly used as a valuable
complementary knowledge source to scientific medical literature. The extraction of this knowledge is
complicated by colloquial language use and misspellings. How...
Maternal depression and anxiety have been proposed to increase the risk of adverse outcomes of language development in the early years of life. This study investigated the effects of maternal depression and anxiety on language development using two a...
(1) Background: The continuous growth of rehabilitation literature makes evidence synthesis increasingly challenging. Lexical network analysis may provide quantitative information on the organization of scientific knowledge. This study aimed to chara...
This study charts the lexical development of three sequential bilingual kindergarteners whose first language, Romanian, was acquired naturalistically at home, and whose second language, English, was acquired in kindergarten. The children’s lexi...
Lexical substitution aims to generate a list of equivalent substitutions (i.e., synonyms) to a sentence’s target word or phrase while preserving the sentence’s meaning to improve writing, enhance language understanding, improve natural la...
Research in the past few decades generally supported a nonselective view of bilingual lexical access, where a bilingual’s two languages are both active during monolingual processing. However, recent work by Costa et al. (2017) brought this into...
Moving beyond traditional sociodemographic models, this study investigates the psychometric drivers of lexical change. Using Swiss German as a case study, we compare historical data from the Sprachatlas der deutschen Schweiz (1939–1958) with a...
This entry introduces an integrated model of reading that situates the Lexical Quality Hypothesis (LQH) within the Reading Systems Framework (RSF). The LQH posits that skilled reading depends on high-quality lexical representations—precise and...
The visual cues of lexical tones are more implicit and much less investigated than consonants and vowels, and it is still unclear what facial areas contribute to facial tones identification. This study investigated Chinese and English speakers’ eye m...
In geographic information science, semantic relatedness is important for Geographic Information Retrieval (GIR), Linked Geospatial Data, geoparsing, and geo-semantics. But computing the semantic similarity/relatedness of geographic terminology is sti...
The present study analyzes individual differences in the facilitative processing of grammatical gender by heritage speakers of Spanish, asking whether these differences correlate with lexical proficiency. Results from an eye-tracking study in the Vis...
Previous research and the BIA+ model support the hypothesis of language nonselective access during bilingual word recognition with language-ambiguous words like cognates organized in two distinct lexical representations. This paper adds to the existi...
Languages vary systematically in how semantic information is “packaged” in verbs and verb-related constructions. Mandarin Chinese contrasts typologically with English in its lexicalization of state change. Most Mandarin monomorphemic verb...
This paper describes the lexicalization processes of the expositive adverb yijing in Chinese, taking the view that the lexicalization of yijing has been achieved by both syntactic and semantic–pragmatic contexts. There are two key processes: th...
Research in Crosslinguistic Influence (CLI) has traditionally addressed two broad types of lexical CLI—transfer of form and transfer of meaning (Ringbom 1987)—which were reconceptualized by Jarvis (2009) as lexemic and lemmatic transfer,...
This paper describes a graph method for labeling word senses and identifying lexical sentiment potential by integrating the corpus-based syntactic-semantic dependency graph layer, lexical semantic and sentiment dictionaries. The method, implemented a...
To measure the emotional meaning of words, numerical sentiment scores are ascribed to them. However, within individual words these scores show variation: within and across annotation surveys, across linguistic contexts, and across semantic neighbors....
Graded lexical resources aligned with the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and lexical complexity prediction remain limited for low-resource Turkic languages, and the extent to which existing predictive models generalize to...
Lexical-disambiguation tasks with supplied context do not reveal whether readers would choose to seek evidence before deciding. Therefore, we adapted the spatial T-maze in the active-inference package pymdp to show how agents seek and use contextual...
Previous studies suggest that lexical competence is an important factor that influences reading skills and spelling accuracy in primary school children. Understanding the relationship between these skills will provide valuable insights to improve rea...
Although lexical inferencing, defined as morpheme-based inference of unfamiliar compound word meanings, is a key contributor to reading development in sighted children, its contribution to Braille reading comprehension among students with blindness r...
As a country where more than 85 languages are spoken, Ethiopia framed, in its Education and Training Policy of 1994, which was revised in 2021, the right to use mother tongue in primary education. Following this, around 33 languages are implemented i...
Skilled readers are thought to rely on bottom-up processing to activate word meanings in long-term memory from their form (i.e., spelling or sound) in a process described as ‘context-free’ lexical processing. However, other research suggests skilled...
A need exists to address how the availability of digital platforms plays a role in collaborative writing. Further, interest has emerged to understand heritage language (HL) learners’ writing as a result of task-based peer interactions with either sec...
Objective: To review the evidence regarding the clinical effect of spa therapy for rheumatic diseases, with particular attention given to association protocols between balneotherapy and rehabilitation interventions, and to support the literature rese...
Prior research on lexical elaboration (providing additional information about unfamiliar words) has yielded non-significant effects on incidental vocabulary acquisition. Building on this, the present study used eye-tracking technology to examine whet...
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has gained prominence in scholarly communication, yet its lexical classification, disciplinary diffusion, semantic organization, and association with citation-based recognition remain understudied. This stud...
Music has been shown to increase arousal and attention and even facilitate processing during non-musical tasks, including those related to speech and language functions. Mind wandering has been studied in many sustained attention tasks. Here, we inve...
Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) commonly affects the production of lexical stress contrast in polysyllabic words. Automated classification tools have the potential to increase reliability and efficiency in measuring lexical stress. Here, factors af...
Binding sensory features of multiple modalities of what we hear and see allows formation of a coherent percept to access semantics. Previous work on object naming has focused on visual confrontation naming with limited research in nonverbal auditory...
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