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3,591 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
9,447 Views
15 Pages

Sensor Systems for Vehicle Environment Perception in a Highway Intelligent Space System

  • Xiaofeng Tang,
  • Feng Gao,
  • Guoyan Xu,
  • Nenggen Ding,
  • Yao Cai,
  • Mingming Ma and
  • Jianxing Liu

15 May 2014

A Highway Intelligent Space System (HISS) is proposed to study vehicle environment perception in this paper. The nature of HISS is that a space sensors system using laser, ultrasonic or radar sensors are installed in a highway environment and communi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positioning and Tracking Sensors and Technologies in Road Transport)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,687 Views
15 Pages

Smart agriculture represents a significant trend in agricultural development, given its potential to enhance operational efficiency and reduce labor intensity. Despite the adoption of modern greenhouse technologies, such as sensors and automation sys...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Agricultural Machinery and Agricultural Engineering: Current Achievements and Future Directions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,738 Views
20 Pages

Research and Implementation of Intelligent Control System for Grassland Grazing Robotic Vehicle

  • Hongyuan Zhang,
  • Mingjuan Han,
  • Yajie Mi,
  • Jile Xin,
  • Wei Fan and
  • Ding Han

In response to the complex animal husbandry environment, wide livestock range, and labor shortage in Inner Mongolia grasslands, this study designed an intelligent control system for robotic vehicles used in natural grazing grassland environments. The...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems & Control Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,056 Views
21 Pages

11 September 2024

Intelligent loading systems are extensively employed in coal enterprises. Nevertheless, pre-loading customer vehicle scheduling predominantly depends on manual expertise. This frequently results in extended vehicle waiting periods, elevated carbon em...

  • Article
  • Open Access
54 Citations
11,325 Views
17 Pages

IoT-Based Emergency Vehicle Services in Intelligent Transportation System

  • Abdullahi Chowdhury,
  • Shahriar Kaisar,
  • Mahbub E. Khoda,
  • Ranesh Naha,
  • Mohammad Ali Khoshkholghi and
  • Mahdi Aiash

4 June 2023

Emergency Management System (EMS) is an important component of Intelligent transportation systems, and its primary objective is to send Emergency Vehicles (EVs) to the location of a reported incident. However, the increasing traffic in urban areas, e...

(This article belongs to the Section Communications)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,870 Views
45 Pages

25 September 2025

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, the regenerative braking system (RBS) has become a pivotal technology for enhancing overall vehicle energy efficiency and safety. This article systematically reviews recent research ad...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Sustainable Energy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
5,538 Views
22 Pages

Operational Data-Driven Intelligent Modelling and Visualization System for Real-World, On-Road Vehicle Emissions—A Case Study in Hangzhou City, China

  • Lu Wang,
  • Xue Chen,
  • Yan Xia,
  • Linhui Jiang,
  • Jianjie Ye,
  • Tangyan Hou,
  • Liqiang Wang,
  • Yibo Zhang,
  • Mengying Li and
  • Shaocai Yu
  • + 6 authors

30 April 2022

On-road vehicle emissions play a crucial role in affecting air quality and human exposure, particularly in megacities. In the absence of comprehensive traffic monitoring networks with the general lack of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) and...

(This article belongs to the Collection Air Pollution Control and Sustainable Development)
  • Review
  • Open Access
54 Citations
20,780 Views
30 Pages

Artificial Intelligence-Based Electric Vehicle Smart Charging System in Malaysia

  • Siow Jat Shern,
  • Md Tanjil Sarker,
  • Gobbi Ramasamy,
  • Siva Priya Thiagarajah,
  • Fahmid Al Farid and
  • S. T. Suganthi

28 September 2024

The worldwide transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum, propelled by the imperative to reduce carbon emissions and foster sustainable transportation. In Malaysia, the government is facilitating this transformation through targeted in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Vehicles and Charging Facilities for a Sustainable Transport Sector)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,424 Views
22 Pages

Intelligent Vehicle Formation System Based on Information Interaction

  • Peng Wang,
  • Tao Ouyang,
  • Shixin Zhao,
  • Xuelin Wang,
  • Zhewen Ni and
  • Yuezhen Fan

Urban traffic congestion has become an increasingly serious problem, and the transportation industry is gradually becoming a high-energy-consuming industry. Intelligent Transportation System (ITSs) that integrate technologies such as electronic sensi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,198 Views
15 Pages

4 July 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to verify changes in a driver’s emotions through the physical characteristics of haptic signals. This is to improve the performance of drivers by designing haptic signals with emotional semantics. Background:...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensing Properties and Emotions: Engineering for the Intelligent and Sustainable Optimization of the Quality of Industrial Products)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,314 Views
21 Pages

Intelligent Driver Assistance and Energy Management Systems of Hybrid Electric Autonomous Vehicles

  • Ziad Al-Saadi,
  • Duong Phan Van,
  • Ali Moradi Amani,
  • Mojgan Fayyazi,
  • Samaneh Sadat Sajjadi,
  • Dinh Ba Pham,
  • Reza Jazar and
  • Hamid Khayyam

31 July 2022

Automotive companies continue to develop integrated safety, sustainability, and reliability features that can help mitigate some of the most common driving risks associated with autonomous vehicles (AVs). Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) offer practic...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
145 Citations
15,238 Views
38 Pages

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Energy Management Systems, Control, and Optimization of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

  • Mojgan Fayyazi,
  • Paramjotsingh Sardar,
  • Sumit Infent Thomas,
  • Roonak Daghigh,
  • Ali Jamali,
  • Thomas Esch,
  • Hans Kemper,
  • Reza Langari and
  • Hamid Khayyam

15 March 2023

Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Circular Economy and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Review
  • Open Access
38 Citations
9,005 Views
26 Pages

Exploring the Synergy of Artificial Intelligence in Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles

  • Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh,
  • Michela Longo,
  • Andrea Di Martino,
  • Alessandro Saldarini and
  • Roberto Sebastiano Faranda

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Energy Storage Systems (ESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a pivotal solution to address the challenges of energy efficiency, battery degradation, and optimal power management. The capab...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Supply and Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
12,629 Views
13 Pages

29 January 2010

This paper deals with the interface-relevant activity of a vehicle integrated intelligent safety system (ISS) that includes an airbag deployment decision system (ADDS) and a tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS). A program is developed in LabWindows...

(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Sensors)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
109 Citations
20,156 Views
27 Pages

This systematic review paper examines the current integration of artificial intelligence into energy management systems for electric vehicles. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, 46 highl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power and Energy Systems for E-mobility)
  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
6,103 Views
16 Pages

12 August 2020

Nowadays, the concept of new mobility solutions like shared mobility systems is becoming more and more popular in current transport systems. The next technological step will be the idea of replacing traditional vehicles with autonomous ones. Because...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Transportation Systems: Beyond Intelligent Vehicles)
  • Review
  • Open Access
128 Citations
16,797 Views
82 Pages

Critical Review of Intelligent Battery Systems: Challenges, Implementation, and Potential for Electric Vehicles

  • Lidiya Komsiyska,
  • Tobias Buchberger,
  • Simon Diehl,
  • Moritz Ehrensberger,
  • Christian Hanzl,
  • Christoph Hartmann,
  • Markus Hölzle,
  • Jan Kleiner,
  • Meinert Lewerenz and
  • Christian Endisch
  • + 7 authors

21 September 2021

This review provides an overview of new strategies to address the current challenges of automotive battery systems: Intelligent Battery Systems. They have the potential to make battery systems more performant and future-proof for coming generations o...

  • Project Report
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,665 Views
19 Pages

A Multi-Agent Based Intelligent Training System for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

  • Wei Han,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Qianyi Wang,
  • Jun Luo,
  • Weizhi Ran and
  • Yang Xu

15 March 2019

The modeling and design of multi-agent systems is imperative for applications in the evolving intelligence of unmanned systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent system design that is used to build a system for training a team of unmanned surfa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Agent Systems 2019)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,093 Views
21 Pages

26 July 2023

In intelligent transportation systems, it is essential to estimate the vehicle position accurately. To this end, it is preferred to detect vehicles as a bottom face quadrilateral (BFQ) rather than an axis-aligned bounding box. Although there have bee...

(This article belongs to the Section Intelligent Sensors)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,514 Views
13 Pages

7 September 2020

To reduce the enormous waste of electric energy in tunnel lighting, an intelligent control system of road tunnel lighting which can realize the effect of illumination moving with the vehicle is proposed. In this system, the group control of LED lamps...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
75 Citations
11,494 Views
19 Pages

15 June 2024

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems play a key role in the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into smart grids by enabling bidirectional energy flows between EVs and the grid. Optimizing V2G operations poses significant challenges due to the dynamic na...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: The Trends and Smart Grid Interaction Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
26 Citations
6,518 Views
19 Pages

Electric Vehicle Integration into Road Transportation, Intelligent Transportation, and Electric Power Systems: An Abu Dhabi Case Study

  • Amro M. Farid,
  • Asha Viswanath,
  • Reem Al-Junaibi,
  • Deema Allan and
  • Thomas J. T. Van der Wardt

23 July 2021

Recently, electric vehicles (EV) have gained much attention as a potential enabling technology to support CO2 emissions reduction targets. Relative to their internal combustion vehicle counterparts, EVs consume less energy per unit distance, and add...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Infrastructures and Networks in Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,583 Views
28 Pages

An Intelligent Automated System for Detecting Malicious Vehicles in Intelligent Transportation Systems

  • Tehreem Ashfaq,
  • Rabiya Khalid,
  • Adamu Sani Yahaya,
  • Sheraz Aslam,
  • Ahmad Taher Azar,
  • Tamim Alkhalifah and
  • Mohamed Tounsi

23 August 2022

The exponential growth of intelligent vehicles(IVs) development has resulted in a complex network. As the number of IVs in a network increases, so does the number of connections. As a result, a great deal of data is generated. This complexity leads t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Grids and Green Communications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,439 Views
27 Pages

A Review of Support Tools for User-Centric Electric Vehicle Charging Management Based on Artificial Intelligence and Multi-Agent System Approaches

  • Carlos Veiga,
  • João Soares,
  • Carlos Ramos,
  • Juan Corchado,
  • Ronaldo Mello,
  • Rubipiara Fernandes and
  • Carina Dorneles

26 November 2025

Due to the environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions from traditional combustion vehicles, governments worldwide are encouraging the transition to electric vehicles (EVs). However, as EV use increases, user-related charging challenges have be...

(This article belongs to the Collection "Electric Vehicles" Section: Review Papers)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,968 Views
15 Pages

4 March 2019

The experienced drivers with good driving skills are used as objects of learning, and road steering test data of skilled drivers are collected in this article. First, a nonlinear fitting was made to the driving trajectory of skilled driver in order t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences Based on and Related to Computer and Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,288 Views
21 Pages

24 April 2025

Vehicle line-pressing identification from a roadside perspective is a challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. Factors such as vehicle pose and environmental lighting significantly affect identification performance, and the high cost o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Intelligent Transportation: Cooperative Systems and Vehicle Automation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
6,731 Views
20 Pages

30 July 2020

The provision of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to the need for ecological green energy. The increment in EVs leads to an intelligent electric vehicle transportation system’s need instead of cloud-based systems to manage privacy and...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,049 Views
18 Pages

We aimed to research the design and path-planning methods of an intelligent disinfection-vehicle system. A ROS (robot operating system) system was utilized as the control platform, and SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) technology was used...

(This article belongs to the Section Computer Science & Engineering)
  • Review
  • Open Access
32 Citations
14,191 Views
47 Pages

23 March 2022

Worldwide, the persistent trend of human and animal life losses, as well as damage to properties due to wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) remains a significant source of concerns for a broad range of stakeholders. To mitigate their occurrences...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Artificial Intelligence for Wildlife Conservation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,422 Views
31 Pages

Large Language Model Based Intelligent Fault Information Retrieval System for New Energy Vehicles

  • Haiyu Zhang,
  • Yinghui Zhao,
  • Boyu Sun,
  • Yaqi Wu,
  • Zetian Fu and
  • Xinqing Xiao

6 April 2025

In recent years, the rapid development of the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has exposed significant deficiencies in intelligent fault diagnosis and information retrieval technologies, especially in intelligent fault information retrieval, which f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in Software Engineering: Challenges, Solutions and Applications)
  • Review
  • Open Access
78 Citations
11,602 Views
30 Pages

3 January 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) has risen from ubiquitous computing to the Internet itself. Internet of vehicles (IoV) is the next emerging trend in IoT. We can build intelligent transportation systems (ITS) using IoV. However, overheads are imposed on...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Sensor Fusion)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
5,486 Views
23 Pages

23 October 2023

An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a vital component of smart cities due to the growing number of vehicles year after year. In the last decade, vehicle detection, as a primary component of ITS, has attracted scientific attention because by...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multidisciplinary Research on Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,769 Views
21 Pages

16 March 2025

The rapid development of vehicular networks has facilitated the extensive acquisition of vehicle trajectory data, which serve as a crucial cornerstone for a variety of intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications, such as traffic flow managem...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Everything and Vehicular Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
11,002 Views
38 Pages

Passable: An Intelligent Traffic Light System with Integrated Incident Detection and Vehicle Alerting

  • Ohoud Alzamzami,
  • Zainab Alsaggaf,
  • Reema AlMalki,
  • Rawan Alghamdi,
  • Amal Babour and
  • Lama Al Khuzayem

16 September 2025

The advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) has accelerated the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in smart cities, playing a crucial role in optimizing traffic flow, enhancing road safety, an...

(This article belongs to the Section Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,435 Views
22 Pages

The increasing risk of air pollution in closed areas like passenger vehicles requires smart and real-time air quality reading solutions. Gases such as carbon monoxide (CO)—which is colorless and odorless and is produced by exhaust systems&mdash...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging IoT Sensor Network Technologies and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,321 Views
22 Pages

Experimental Evaluation of LoRa in Transit Vehicle Tracking Service Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems and IoT

  • Felipe Jurado Murillo,
  • Juan Sebastián Quintero Yoshioka,
  • Andrés David Varela López,
  • Ricardo Salazar-Cabrera,
  • Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz and
  • Juan Manuel Madrid Molina

19 November 2020

Long-range (LoRa) technology is a low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology that is currently being used for development of Internet of things (IoT)-based solutions. Transit transport, mainly in medium-sized cities where transit vehicles do not...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT Anywhere—A Low Power Sensors and Long-Range communication for IoT)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,048 Views
27 Pages

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) operating in dense urban environments are characterized by highly dynamic topology, fluctuating traffic conditions, and stringent latency requirements, which significantly complicate reliable data routing and packet...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power and Energy Systems for E-Mobility, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,096 Views
12 Pages

This paper investigates dual-hop Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) wireless communication systems with malicious jamming, where the destination node faces jamming from a malicious jammer with a RIS-Equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) relay....

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,428 Views
22 Pages

5 September 2022

Mechatronics control technology can not only improve the performance of vehicles but also solve traditional automotive braking system problems such as long brake pipeline, lots of valve components, slow response and so on. In this paper, a giant-magn...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Engineering and Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,550 Views
17 Pages

With the development of intelligent vehicle technology, the probability of road traffic accidents occurring has been effectively reduced to a certain extent. However, there is still insufficient research on head injuries in human vehicle collisions,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computer-Aided Biomimetics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
570 Views
34 Pages

25 June 2026

The rapid development of renewable energy vehicles (REVs) has deepened the coupling between transportation and power systems, leading to the formation of the vehicle–station–traffic–grid (VSTG) coupled system. This paper provides a...

(This article belongs to the Section AI-Enabled Process Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
252 Views
20 Pages

20 September 2026

With the rapid development of autonomous systems, there is a growing need for versatile yet low-cost platforms that integrate perception, decision-making, and control in real-time environments. This study presents the design and implementation of a m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Intelligent Control of Actuator Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,973 Views
15 Pages

Research on Active Collision Avoidance and Hysteresis Reduction of Intelligent Vehicle Based on Multi-Agent Coordinated Control System

  • Chaochun Yuan,
  • Yongfeng Lin,
  • Jie Shen,
  • Long Chen,
  • Yingfeng Cai,
  • Youguo He,
  • Shuofeng Weng,
  • Xinkai Wu,
  • Yuqi Yuan and
  • Qiuye Yu
  • + 1 author

This paper provides a multi-agent coordinated control system to improve the real-time performance of intelligent vehicle active collision avoidance. At first, the functions and characteristics of longitudinal and lateral collision avoidance agents ar...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced X-by-Wire Technologies in Design, Control and Measurement for Vehicular Electrified Chassis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
5,466 Views
30 Pages

29 April 2023

These days, users consume more electricity during peak hours, and electricity prices are typically higher between 3:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. If electric vehicle (EV) charging occurs during the same hours, the impact on residential distribution networks...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
70 Citations
10,837 Views
15 Pages

A Deep Learning-Based Intelligent Garbage Detection System Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

  • Vishal Verma,
  • Deepali Gupta,
  • Sheifali Gupta,
  • Mudita Uppal,
  • Divya Anand,
  • Arturo Ortega-Mansilla,
  • Fahd S. Alharithi,
  • Jasem Almotiri and
  • Nitin Goyal

8 May 2022

A population explosion has resulted in garbage generation on a large scale. The process of proper and automatic garbage collection is a challenging and tedious task for developing countries. This paper proposes a deep learning-based intelligent garba...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,690 Views
17 Pages

Based on an investigation of how vehicle structural characteristics and system parameters influence the motion stability of high-speed steering intelligent vehicle platooning, a control strategy for ensuring motion stability is proposed. This strateg...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Theory, Method and Control of Intelligent and Safe Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,277 Views
34 Pages

Traditional automated monitoring systems adopted for Intersection Traffic Control still face challenges, including high costs, maintenance difficulties, insufficient coverage, poor multimodal data integration, and limited traffic information analysis...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interactive Design for Autonomous Driving Vehicles)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
5,521 Views
16 Pages

Vehicle Speed and Length Estimation Errors Using the Intelligent Transportation System with a Set of Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) Sensors

  • Vytautas Markevicius,
  • Dangirutis Navikas,
  • Adam Idzkowski,
  • Donatas Miklusis,
  • Darius Andriukaitis,
  • Algimantas Valinevicius,
  • Mindaugas Zilys,
  • Mindaugas Cepenas and
  • Wojciech Walendziuk

28 November 2019

Seeking an effective method for estimating the speed and length of a car is still a challenge for engineers and scientists who work on intelligent transportation systems. This paper focuses on a self-developed system equipped with four anisotropic ma...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Sensors and Sensing Systems for Driving and Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,237 Views
20 Pages

An Intelligent Framework for Cyber–Physical Satellite System and IoT-Aided Aerial Vehicle Security Threat Detection

  • Nazik Alturki,
  • Turki Aljrees,
  • Muhammad Umer,
  • Abid Ishaq,
  • Shtwai Alsubai,
  • Oumaima Saidani,
  • Sirojiddin Djuraev and
  • Imran Ashraf

14 August 2023

The small-drone technology domain is the outcome of a breakthrough in technological advancement for drones. The Internet of Things (IoT) is used by drones to provide inter-location services for navigation. But, due to issues related to their architec...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fault-Tolerant Sensing Paradigms for Autonomous Vehicles)
  • Review
  • Open Access
95 Citations
14,307 Views
31 Pages

A Review of Intelligent Connected Vehicle Cooperative Driving Development

  • Biyao Wang,
  • Yi Han,
  • Siyu Wang,
  • Di Tian,
  • Mengjiao Cai,
  • Ming Liu and
  • Lujia Wang

4 October 2022

With the development and progress of information technology, especially V2X technology, the research focus of intelligent vehicles gradually shifted from single-vehicle control to multi-vehicle control, and the cooperative control system of intellige...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Artificial Intelligence: Models, Optimization, and Machine Learning, 2nd Edition)

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