Vehicle-to-Grid Systems: The Trends and Smart Grid Interaction Technologies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 3552

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Energy Innovation Centre, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
Interests: EV/HEV dynamic modelling; control and simulation; vehicle supervisory control; battery energy storage; energy management systems; battery management systems; vehicle-to-grid; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Interests: electric vehicles; ev powertrain; energy storage; power electronics; smart grids, v2g; battery testing and charatcerisation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of smart grids allows electric vehicles to play a new role, vehicle-to-grid (V2G), in an electricity–power interaction between the electric vehicle and the power grid by delivering electricity back to the grid or controlling the charging rate. This Special Issue aims to collect high-quality reviews and research articles on the topic of vehicle-to-grid applications. We encourage researchers from various fields within the journal’s scope to contribute papers that highlight the latest research and developments in their fields or to invite relevant experts and colleagues to do so. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • State-of-the-art technologies and new developments for V2G applications
  • Review articles on V2G demonstrator projects and learning
  • Small/large-scale V2G integration and application
  • EV interface standards and protocols with charging infrastructure that permit aggregator control of EV batteries
  • Aggregator control, scheduling in V2G systems
  • Battery conditioning and smart charge strategies for improved V2G operations
  • Energy management system in V2G systems
  • Understanding the impact of battery degradation and a lifetime participating in V2G schemes
  • Security and privacy perspective in V2G networks
  • Environmental and socio-economic benefits and challenges of V2G systems

Dr. Truong Minh Ngoc Bui
Dr. Sheikh Muhammad
Dr. Truong Quang Dinh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • electric vehicle
  • energy management system
  • smart grids
  • vehicle to grid
  • energy storage
  • battery degradation
  • energy arbitrage
  • ev charging infreastructure
  • smart charge
  • load balancing
  • load leveling
  • grid stability
  • aggregator control
  • vehicle-to-grid demonstrator
  • cyber security

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 12794 KiB  
Article
An EV SRM Drive and Its Interconnected Operations Integrated into Grid, Microgrid, and Vehicle
by Wei-Kai Gu, Chen-Wei Yang and Chang-Ming Liaw
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073032 - 04 Apr 2024
Viewed by 318
Abstract
This paper presents an electric vehicle (EV) switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with incorporated operation capabilities integrated into the utility grid, the microgrid, and another EV. The motor drive DC-link voltage is established from the battery through an interleaved boost/buck converter with fault [...] Read more.
This paper presents an electric vehicle (EV) switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with incorporated operation capabilities integrated into the utility grid, the microgrid, and another EV. The motor drive DC-link voltage is established from the battery through an interleaved boost/buck converter with fault tolerance. The varied DC-link voltage can improve driving performance and reduce battery energy consumption over a wide speed range. Through a well-designed current control scheme, speed control scheme, and dynamic commutation tuning scheme, the established SRM drive possesses good performance in the motor driving mode. During deceleration, the regenerative braking energy can be effectively recovered to the battery. When the EV is in idle mode, the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) charging operation can be conducted through the bidirectional switch mode rectifier (SMR) and CLLC resonant converter. Satisfactory charging performance with good line drawn power quality and galvanic isolation is preserved. Conversely, the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) discharging operation can be performed. The EV can make movable energy storage device applications. Finally, the interconnected operations of the developed EV SRM drive to vehicle and microgrid are presented. Through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) operation, it can supply energy to the nearby EV when the battery is exhausted and needs roadside assistance. In addition, microgrid-to-vehicle (M2V) and vehicle-to-microgrid (V2M) operations can also be conductible. The EV battery can be charged from the microgrid. Conversely, it can also provide energy support to the microgrid. Full article
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16 pages, 5823 KiB  
Article
Measurement of Regional Electric Vehicle Adoption Using Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning
by Seung Jun Choi and Junfeng Jiao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1826; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051826 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 836
Abstract
This study explores the socioeconomic disparities observed in the early adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the United States. A multiagent deep reinforcement learning-based policy simulator was developed to address the disparities. The model, tested using data from Austin, Texas, indicates that neighborhoods [...] Read more.
This study explores the socioeconomic disparities observed in the early adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the United States. A multiagent deep reinforcement learning-based policy simulator was developed to address the disparities. The model, tested using data from Austin, Texas, indicates that neighborhoods with higher incomes and a predominantly White demographic are leading in EV adoption. To help low-income communities keep pace, we introduced tiered subsidies and incrementally increased their amounts. In our environment, with the reward and policy design implemented, the adoption gap began to narrow when the incentive was equivalent to an increase in promotion from 20% to 30%. Our study’s framework provides a new means for testing policy scenarios to promote equitable EV adoption. We encourage future studies to extend our foundational study by adding specifications. Full article
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46 pages, 1065 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Routing Optimization in Electric and Flying Vehicles: A Genetic Algorithm Perspective
by Muhammad Alolaiwy, Tarik Hawsawi, Mohamed Zohdy, Amanpreet Kaur and Steven Louis
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10427; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810427 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1626
Abstract
The advent of electric and flying vehicles (EnFVs) has brought significant advancements to the transportation industry, offering improved sustainability, reduced congestion, and enhanced mobility. However, the efficient routing of messages in EnFVs presents unique challenges that demand specialized algorithms to address their specific [...] Read more.
The advent of electric and flying vehicles (EnFVs) has brought significant advancements to the transportation industry, offering improved sustainability, reduced congestion, and enhanced mobility. However, the efficient routing of messages in EnFVs presents unique challenges that demand specialized algorithms to address their specific constraints and objectives. This study analyzes several case studies that investigate the effectiveness of genetic algorithms (GAs) in optimizing routing for EnFVs. The major contributions of this research lie in demonstrating the capability of GAs to handle complex optimization problems with multiple objectives, enabling the simultaneous consideration of factors like energy efficiency, travel time, and vehicle utilization. Moreover, GAs offer a flexible and adaptive approach to finding near-optimal solutions in dynamic transportation systems, making them suitable for real-world EnFV networks. While GAs show promise, there are also limitations, such as computational complexity, difficulty in capturing real-world constraints, and potential sub-optimal solutions. Addressing these challenges, the study highlights several future research directions, including the integration of real-time data and dynamic routing updates, hybrid approaches with other optimization techniques, consideration of uncertainty and risk management, scalability for large-scale routing problems, and enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability in routing. By exploring these avenues, researchers can further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of routing algorithms for EnFVs, paving the way for their seamless integration into modern transportation systems. Full article
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