This retrospective chart review study sought to explore neuropsychological profiles, neuropsychiatric and psychiatric comorbidity, changes in diagnoses, support at daycare and school, medication use, psychiatric referrals, and progression into furthe...
Children with intellectual disabilities can be victims of crimes but are generally deemed less reliable in the forensic context than children without disabilities. Their deficits may cause inaccurate recall, greater memory errors, and greater suggest...
20 March 2025
Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is characterized by an IQ typically ranging from 70 to 85, combined with deficits in adaptive functioning. Despite its prevalence, individuals with BIF are often excluded from diagnostic and support systems,...
From a neuroconstructivist approach and a developmental model of high intellectual ability (HIA), it is argued that the management of intellectual resources through executive functioning (EF) is one of the factors influencing the expression of high p...
This retrospective chart review study explored the etiology, use, and yield of the etiological investigations of 651 children and adolescents diagnosed with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Neurological, neurodevelopmental, or neuropsychiat...
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) offers a comprehensive bio-psycho-social model for evaluating the multifaceted needs of individuals with disabilities. While its adoption in healthcare settings is widespre...
Institutionalized individuals with intellectual disabilities have few opportunities to participate in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), which probably affects higher cognitive functions, or vice versa. The objectives of this study were...
Impaired intellectual functioning is an important risk factor for the emergence of severe mental illness. Unlike many other forms of mental disorder however, the association between bipolar disorder and intellectual deficits is unclear. In this narra...
19 February 2023
Background: Adults with intellectual disability have limited executive function—which includes working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control subcomponents—making their ability to live independently challenging. The present...
We aimed to explore the personal and functional factors influencing the disaster or emergency coping abilities of individuals with intellectual disabilities. To this end, this study analyzed relationships among personal factors (such as sex, age, pre...
Lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the social, psychological, and physical well-being of the world population. In the case of people with intellectual disabilities, the impact of lockdown on their physical condition and fun...
Dyslexia, a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, is characterized by persistent reading and spelling difficulties despite average intellectual potential. Although intellectual functioning in dyslexia is often described as average, emerging evid...
Despite their separate research traditions, intelligence and executive functioning (EF) are both theoretically and empirically closely related to each other. Based on a subsample of 8- to 20-year-olds of the standardization and validation sample (N =...
12 October 2022
Intellectual disability is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a related co-occurrence of mental health issues and challenging behaviors. In addition to purely cognitive functions, socio-emotional competencies may also be affected. In this paper, the...
9 September 2022
(1) Background: Throughout the history of medical and psychology practice, specialists have worked to improve the quality of treatment and rehabilitation, which has led to the emergence of concepts such as serious games. These tools focus on differen...
14 September 2021
People with intellectual disability or psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunctions may need assistive technology to maintain and improve their levels of functioning and independence. This study assessed a smartphone-based system to remind the us...
The main objective of this study is to investigate the multiple relations and to determine the differences between executive functions (EFs), emotion regulation, and behavioral and emotional problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity d...
The dynamic nature of intellectual disability (ID) and its many comorbidities necessitate repeated screening and functional diagnosis. However, the existing scales are lengthy and expensive and cannot be implemented at all levels of ID. During phase...
(1) Background: We made a comprehensive evaluation of executive functions (EFs) and attention processes in a group of adolescents and young adults with mild intellectual disability (ID). (2) Methods: 27 adolescents and young adults (14 females and 13...
Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) often exhibit reduced physical fitness, leading to early declines in the ability to perform daily activities. This study aimed to characterize and establish reference values for physical functional perf...
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on cognitive function in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and to identify the optimal exercise prescription. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, EB...
High Intellectual Potential (HIP) and High Functioning Autism (HFA) are two different conditions sharing some clinical and neurobiological features. The aim of the present study was to characterize a sample of HIP children (n: 16; M/F: 14/2; median a...
In this preregistered multi-level meta-analysis, we aim to clarify the association of need for cognition (NFC) and typical intellectual engagement (TIE) with intelligence and executive functions. Multi-level models with robust variance estimation wer...
Background: EEG neurofeedback has been proposed as a non-pharmacological approach to enhance attention and cognitive performance in neurodevelopmental conditions. However, its efficacy in individuals with intellectual disability (ID) remains limited....
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading single-gene cause of intellectual disability (ID) with autism features. This study analysed diagnostic and prognostic utility of the Fragile X-Related Epigenetic Element 2 DNA methylation (FREE2m) assessed by Met...
Sensory processing differences are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) and have been linked to maladaptive behaviour and reduced adaptive functioning, largely through caregiver-report measures. How they relate to...
8 December 2022
This study aimed to determine the effects of a virtual reality exercise program based on cognitive function and social skills on motor coordination in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Thirty-five children with IDD were...
Background: This study presents an exploratory comparison of data from three previously collected clinical cohorts. The first aim was to compare functional strength performance among a cohort of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)...
Background: National holiday breaks may involve less structured daily routines and cultural practices that favor excess energy intake, yet short-term changes in youth with intellectual disability (ID) following these breaks remain underexplored. This...
Background/Objectives: AMPylation is a post-translational modification involving the transfer of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to target proteins, serving as a critical regulatory mechanism in cellular functions. Thi...
11 August 2022
Individuals who are prelingually deaf and have intellectual disabilities experience great challenges in their language, cognitive and social development, leading to heterogeneous profiles of intellectual and adaptive functioning. The present study de...
Intellectual disability (ID)—termed intellectual developmental disorder in DSM-5-TR and disorders of intellectual development in ICD-11—is a heterogeneous spectrum of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impairments in general i...
Background: Adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and borderline intellectual functioning/intellectual disability (BIF/ID), represent a clinically complex population in psychiatric emergency...
25 October 2022
For the occupational adaptation and social integration of the intellectually disabled, it is helpful to improve their work performance and interpersonal skills. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of horticultural therapy (HT)...
Biallelic loss of function of IMPA1 causes autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder 59 (MRT59, OMIM #617323). MRT59 has been reported to present with significant intellectual disability and disruptive behavior, but little is known abou...
13 June 2022
Mild Intellectual Disability (MID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood and is characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning (IQ = 55–69) and adaptive behavior that manifests in everyday living. In addition to th...
14 July 2023
Service providers may experience difficulties in providing appropriate care to optimize the functioning of individuals with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour. External consultation to identify and address the unmet support needs under...
24 September 2025
Dysphagia is a common but often overlooked concern among individuals with intellectual disabilities and may negatively impact their quality of life. This study aimed to examine the association between swallowing function and health-related quality of...
29 February 2024
(1) Background: Dog-assisted therapy (DAT) is an experiential intervention to promote psychological, physical, and social functioning in children and adults. Only few studies have been conducted on DAT in adults with a mild intellectual disability or...
Non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID or idiopathic) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that represents a global health issue. Although many efforts have been made to characterize it and distinguish it from syndromic intellectual disabil...
Background: Young people with intellectual developmental disabilities have a persistent delay in the development of executive functions. Virtual reality (VR) is increasingly being used as a cognitive intervention tool, with significant effectiveness...
Background: Data on the health of adolescents with intellectual disability are scarce. This study describes carer-reported symptoms, chronic illnesses, level of functioning, and behaviour among Australian adolescents with intellectual disability. We...
Background: Coffin–Lowry syndrome (CLS) is a syndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability, in which specific associated facial, hand, and skeletal abnormalities are diagnostic features. Methods: In the present study, an unreported missense gene...
The Lower (YBT-LQ) and Upper (YBT-UQ) Quarter Y Balance Test are well established assessment tools for the examination of dynamic balance and shoulder mobility/stability, respectively. However, investigations on YBT-LQ/UQ performance in students with...
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1 (DYRK1) encodes a conserved protein kinase that is indispensable to neuron development. However, whether DYRK1 possesses additional functions apart from kinase function remains poorly u...
KBG syndrome (KBGS) is a rare Mendelian condition caused by heterozygous mutations in ANKRD11 or microdeletions in chromosome 16q24.3 encompassing the gene. KBGS is clinically variable, which makes its diagnosis difficult in a significant proportion...
This study develops a new integrated approach for improving deficiencies relating to executives’ intuitive or illogical decisions, mainly found in past intellectual capital management (ICM) methods. To simultaneously rectify several flaws, the...
Vocational rehabilitation (VR) plays an important role in supporting successful school-to-work transitions for individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs). However, the organizational conditions that enable effective implementation of VR practic...
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have high rates of overweight and obesity, heart and metabolic diseases, and low motor development. These factors compromise functional independence and autonomy in activities of daily living. The objective...
Performance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL; IADL) is an essential indicator of daily functioning and health of people with intellectual disabilities (ID). The aims of this pilot study were to describe the profile of ADL and...
of 20