Special Issue Editors

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Guest Editor

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Interests: neurology; internal medicine; epidemiology and biostatistics; global burden of disease; translational research

Dr. Shamik Shah

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Guest Editor

Department of Neurology, Stormont Vail Health, Topeka, KS 66604, USA
Interests: stroke; neurology; vascular neurology; medicine; clinical medicine

Dr. Arsalan Anwar
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Guest Editor

Department of Neurology, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
Interests: neurological disorders; traumatic brain injury

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The burden of neurological disorders has increased globally over last decade. According to GBD Neurology collaborator study, neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs, 276 million) and the second leading cause of death (9.0 million, comprising of 16.5% of global deaths) in 2016. COVID-19, increased stress level, rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions, unhealthy lifestyle, and aging, these lead to an increase in the global burden of neurological disease. The goal of this issue is to identify the causes of neurovascular disease, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, high-risk populations, and hopefully address the neurovascular disease burden on a larger scale.

Dr. Urvish K. Patel
Dr. Shamik Shah
Dr. Arsalan Anwar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

global burden of disease
cerebrovascular disorder
stroke
epilepsy
neurological disorders
heart-brain connection

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Open AccessArticle

Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Etiological, Neurophysiological, and Mri Findings in a Cohort of 651 Patients

Heli Sätilä

Laura Mirjami Jolma

and

Mikko Koivu-Jolma

Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(4), 1007-1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040080 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1003

Abstract

This retrospective chart review study explored the etiology, use, and yield of the etiological investigations of 651 children and adolescents diagnosed with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Neurological, neurodevelopmental, or neuropsychiatric comorbidities were frequent, and in 23%, the BIF diagnosis evolved into an intellectual disability (ID) by the time of discharge. A primary etiological cause was found in 37.6%, the most prevalent causes being pre- or perinatal conditions, genetic syndromes/chromosomal abnormalities, fetal exposure to maternal substance use, cerebral dysgenesis, and neurological diseases. In total, 79.1% of patients went through one or more investigations during their follow-up. The best etiologic yield leading to a diagnosis in this study population was with exome sequencing, a specific gene panel, microarrays, electroneuromyography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Etiological investigations were performed more frequently among those children receiving an ID diagnosis. Yet, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of abnormal findings between the BIF and ID groups. This may mean that the current strategy for determining the need for etiological investigations or current means to gain an etiology is still indecisive. Considering that BIF is defined to include individuals performing between normal cognitive functioning and mild ID, this implies that the prevalence would be anywhere between 7 and 14%. Thus, it could be argued whether in-depth etiological investigations may be justified in cases other than ID in this age group of children over five. With these children and adolescents, the clinicians have to discern between those with a normal variation and those having major difficulties in adaptive behavior affecting everyday life in order to specify and prescribe the rehabilitation or other measures needed. We advocate for a targeted etiological search after careful history-taking and neurological examination. National guidelines that take into account the severity of developmental delay are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)

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Open AccessBrief Report

What Do Arithmetic Errors in the Financial Context Reveal? A Preliminary Study of Individuals with Neurocognitive Disorders

Vaitsa Giannouli

and

Magdalini Tsolaki

Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(2), 743-749; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15020046 - 01 Jun 2023

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Abstract

Objectives: Arithmetic errors in the financial context have been investigated mainly in cognitively normal Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and mildly impaired PD (PD-MCI) individuals. The aim of this study was to examine arithmetic errors in the financial context across neurocognitive disorders. Methods: Four hundred and twenty older adults from Greece were divided into four groups (110 patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 107 patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 109 healthy controls and 94 Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients). Their ages ranged from 65 to 98 years (M = 73.96, SD = 6.68), and the sample had a mean of 8.67 (SD = 4.08) years of education. For each of the AD patients, a counterpart matched by age, educational attainment and gender was selected from a larger group of participants. Results: Overall, the results reveal that healthy older adults did not commit arithmetic errors, but AD patients reported procedural errors in their responses to both questions. A high frequency of procedural errors was found in MCI patients’ responses to the first question, while the errors in their responses to the second question cannot be categorized. Finally, in PDD patients, place value errors were reported for the first question, while more magnitude errors were made when responding to the second question. Conclusions: These findings support that arithmetic errors within financial contexts are not the same across neurocognitive disorders, and numerical representations are not impaired not only in PDD, but also in AD and MCI. This information could be useful in cognitive assessments performed by neurologists and neuropsychologists as these types of errors may be indicators of specific brain pathologies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)

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