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Neurology International
Special Issues
Global Burden of Neurological Disorder
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Global Burden of Neurological Disorder

A special issue of Neurology International (ISSN 2035-8377).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 18582

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Urvish Patel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Public Health and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
2. Clinical Research Training Program, Research Update Organization, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: neurology; internal medicine; biostatistics; epidemiology; global burden of disease
Dr. Shamik Shah

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Stormont Vail Health, Topeka, KS 66604, USA
Interests: stroke; neurology; vascular neurology; medicine; clinical medicine
Dr. Arsalan Anwar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Mercy St Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
Interests: neurological disorders; traumatic brain injury

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The burden of neurological disorders has increased globally over last decade. According to GBD Neurology collaborator study, neurological disorders ranked as the leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs, 276 million) and the second leading cause of death (9.0 million, comprising of 16.5% of global deaths) in 2016. COVID-19, increased stress level, rapid demographic and epidemiological transitions, unhealthy lifestyle, and aging, these lead to an increase in the global burden of neurological disease. The goal of this issue is to identify the causes of neurovascular disease, as well as the epidemiological characteristics, high-risk populations, and hopefully address the neurovascular disease burden on a larger scale.

Dr. Urvish K. Patel
Dr. Shamik Shah
Dr. Arsalan Anwar
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • global burden of disease
  • cerebrovascular disorder
  • stroke
  • epilepsy
  • neurological disorders
  • heart-brain connection

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3663 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Post-COVID-19 Guillain–Barré Syndrome over a Period of One Year in the University Hospital of Split (Croatia)
by Niko Dunkić, Marija Nazlić, Valerija Dunkić and Ivica Bilić
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(4), 1359-1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15040086 - 6 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2499
Abstract
The virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is capable of attacking the nervous system in several ways and leading to neurological diseases such as GBS (Guillain–Barré syndrome) through the resulting neurotropism and immune response. The aim of this study is to [...] Read more.
The virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) is capable of attacking the nervous system in several ways and leading to neurological diseases such as GBS (Guillain–Barré syndrome) through the resulting neurotropism and immune response. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and GBS and to better understand the clinical symptoms to prevent poor outcomes. Data from 15 patients were extracted from the Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Split, Croatia, for the year 2021. The age of the patients ranged from 26 to 89 years, of whom 27% were women. Sixty seven percent of all GBS patients recovered from COVID-19 infection, whereas post-vaccinal polyradiculoneuritis was detected in 6%. Forty four percent of the patients who developed GBS had a severe form of COVID-19 infection. Forty percent of patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), followed by therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) in 27%. After the therapy, improvement was observed in 13 patients, while two patients died. The results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 triggers GBS because it follows a similar pattern of infection as the other viral and bacterial agents that contribute to the onset of GBS. There is no evidence that prior infection with COVID-19 worsens the clinical presentation of GBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)
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13 pages, 954 KiB  
Article
Fecal Incontinence after Severe Brain Injury: A Barrier to Discharge after Inpatient Rehabilitation?
by Laura Pelizzari, Elena Antoniono, Donatella Giraudo, Gianluca Ciardi and Gianfranco Lamberti
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(4), 1339-1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15040084 - 31 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2332
Abstract
Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) after severe acquired brain injuries (sABIs) and to determine whether this symptom can lead to an inability to return home after rehabilitation. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort [...] Read more.
Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of fecal incontinence (FI) after severe acquired brain injuries (sABIs) and to determine whether this symptom can lead to an inability to return home after rehabilitation. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study. In total, 521 acute sABI inpatients were enrolled from the Department of Neurorehabilitation at an academic tertiary care hospital. Patients were divided into two groups, with and without FI, at the end of the rehabilitation phase. The primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of persistent FI and any difference in the discharge destination. Results: Upon admission, new-onset FI was found in 443 (85%) patients, of which 38% had traumatic sABI. Moreover, 62.7% of all patients had FI upon admission. At discharge, 53.3% (264/495) of patients still had FI. Of these, 75.4% (199/264) had a Rancho Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCFS) ≥3. A statistically significant correlation between FI at discharge and the presence of frontal lesions, autonomic crises, and increased LCFS scores was noted. Among the patients discharged to their homes, the proportion with persistent FI was lower (34% vs. 53.3). Conclusions: FI was significantly persistent after sABI, even after recovery from unconsciousness, and must be considered as a consequence of, rather than an independent risk factor for, unfavorable outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)
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11 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Etiological, Neurophysiological, and Mri Findings in a Cohort of 651 Patients
by Heli Sätilä, Laura Mirjami Jolma and Mikko Koivu-Jolma
Neurol. Int. 2022, 14(4), 1007-1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint14040080 - 7 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2932
Abstract
This retrospective chart review study explored the etiology, use, and yield of the etiological investigations of 651 children and adolescents diagnosed with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Neurological, neurodevelopmental, or neuropsychiatric comorbidities were frequent, and in 23%, the BIF diagnosis evolved into an intellectual [...] Read more.
This retrospective chart review study explored the etiology, use, and yield of the etiological investigations of 651 children and adolescents diagnosed with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). Neurological, neurodevelopmental, or neuropsychiatric comorbidities were frequent, and in 23%, the BIF diagnosis evolved into an intellectual disability (ID) by the time of discharge. A primary etiological cause was found in 37.6%, the most prevalent causes being pre- or perinatal conditions, genetic syndromes/chromosomal abnormalities, fetal exposure to maternal substance use, cerebral dysgenesis, and neurological diseases. In total, 79.1% of patients went through one or more investigations during their follow-up. The best etiologic yield leading to a diagnosis in this study population was with exome sequencing, a specific gene panel, microarrays, electroneuromyography, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Etiological investigations were performed more frequently among those children receiving an ID diagnosis. Yet, there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of abnormal findings between the BIF and ID groups. This may mean that the current strategy for determining the need for etiological investigations or current means to gain an etiology is still indecisive. Considering that BIF is defined to include individuals performing between normal cognitive functioning and mild ID, this implies that the prevalence would be anywhere between 7 and 14%. Thus, it could be argued whether in-depth etiological investigations may be justified in cases other than ID in this age group of children over five. With these children and adolescents, the clinicians have to discern between those with a normal variation and those having major difficulties in adaptive behavior affecting everyday life in order to specify and prescribe the rehabilitation or other measures needed. We advocate for a targeted etiological search after careful history-taking and neurological examination. National guidelines that take into account the severity of developmental delay are warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)
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Review

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21 pages, 3362 KiB  
Review
The Management of Intracranial Aneurysms: Current Trends and Future Directions
by Aviraj S. Deshmukh, Stefano M. Priola, Aris H. Katsanos, Gianluca Scalia, Aderaldo Costa Alves, Abhilekh Srivastava and Christine Hawkes
Neurol. Int. 2024, 16(1), 74-94; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint16010005 - 3 Jan 2024
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 7310
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms represent a major global health burden. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a catastrophic event. Without access to treatment, the fatality rate is 50% in the first 30 days. Over the last three decades, treatment approaches for intracranial aneurysms have changed [...] Read more.
Intracranial aneurysms represent a major global health burden. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a catastrophic event. Without access to treatment, the fatality rate is 50% in the first 30 days. Over the last three decades, treatment approaches for intracranial aneurysms have changed dramatically. There have been improvements in the medical management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage, and there has been an evolution of treatment strategies. Endovascular therapy is now the mainstay of the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms based on robust randomised controlled trial data. There is now an expansion of treatment indications for unruptured intracranial aneurysms to prevent rupture with both microsurgical clipping and endovascular treatment. Both microsurgical and endovascular treatment modalities have evolved, in particular with the introduction of innovative endovascular treatment options including flow diversion and intra-saccular flow disruption. These novel therapies allow clinicians to treat more complex and previously untreatable aneurysms. We aim to review the evolution of treatment strategies for intracranial aneurysms over time, and discuss emerging technologies that could further improve treatment safety and functional outcomes for patients with an intracranial aneurysm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)
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Other

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7 pages, 250 KiB  
Brief Report
What Do Arithmetic Errors in the Financial Context Reveal? A Preliminary Study of Individuals with Neurocognitive Disorders
by Vaitsa Giannouli and Magdalini Tsolaki
Neurol. Int. 2023, 15(2), 743-749; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15020046 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Objectives: Arithmetic errors in the financial context have been investigated mainly in cognitively normal Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and mildly impaired PD (PD-MCI) individuals. The aim of this study was to examine arithmetic errors in the financial context across neurocognitive disorders. Methods: Four [...] Read more.
Objectives: Arithmetic errors in the financial context have been investigated mainly in cognitively normal Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and mildly impaired PD (PD-MCI) individuals. The aim of this study was to examine arithmetic errors in the financial context across neurocognitive disorders. Methods: Four hundred and twenty older adults from Greece were divided into four groups (110 patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 107 patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 109 healthy controls and 94 Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients). Their ages ranged from 65 to 98 years (M = 73.96, SD = 6.68), and the sample had a mean of 8.67 (SD = 4.08) years of education. For each of the AD patients, a counterpart matched by age, educational attainment and gender was selected from a larger group of participants. Results: Overall, the results reveal that healthy older adults did not commit arithmetic errors, but AD patients reported procedural errors in their responses to both questions. A high frequency of procedural errors was found in MCI patients’ responses to the first question, while the errors in their responses to the second question cannot be categorized. Finally, in PDD patients, place value errors were reported for the first question, while more magnitude errors were made when responding to the second question. Conclusions: These findings support that arithmetic errors within financial contexts are not the same across neurocognitive disorders, and numerical representations are not impaired not only in PDD, but also in AD and MCI. This information could be useful in cognitive assessments performed by neurologists and neuropsychologists as these types of errors may be indicators of specific brain pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Neurological Disorder)
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