Journal Description
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that publishes original articles and systematic reviews or meta-analyses related to research on human development throughout the life cycle. It is a journal of the University Association of Education and Psychology (previously published under the print ISSN 2174-8144). MDPI has been publishing the journal in English, quarterly, from Volume 10, Issue 1 (2020).
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), PMC, PubMed, and many other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 13.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2021).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Latest Articles
Social Science Pedagogy as a Way of Integrating Sustainable Education and Global Citizenship into the Initial Training of Pre-Primary Teachers
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 975-989; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030072 (registering DOI) - 26 Aug 2021
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the integration of international and national strategies in education for sustainable development and global citizenship into initial teacher training. The researchers analyzed the outcomes of a feminist teaching strategy based on family trees, focusing
[...] Read more.
The main objective of this research was to demonstrate the integration of international and national strategies in education for sustainable development and global citizenship into initial teacher training. The researchers analyzed the outcomes of a feminist teaching strategy based on family trees, focusing on the usefulness of social science pedagogy in developing critical thinking among pupils. They also attempted to enhance teachers’ digital literacy and make progress in reflecting on its functioning and use. The research used mixed methods, and the research instrument was a questionnaire using Likert-type scales validated by specialists from several universities. It was deployed in the module Didáctica del Conocimiento del Medio Social y Medioambiental (Pedagogy of Knowledge of the Social and Cultural Environment) of the Bachelor’s Degree in Pre-Primary Education at the University of Alicante. Using historical research with a gender perspective, the trainee teachers investigated their family trees, focusing on the women in their families. They also carried out a speculative exercise to aid reflection on their contributions as teachers in support of equal education. The results obtained showed that this was a novel and useful educational activity, which inspired participants to work for a fair and democratic global citizenship based on coeducation.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodological Contributions to Educational Research on the Formation of Social Thought)
Open AccessArticle
Impact of Ethical Leadership on Employee Engagement: Role of Self-Efficacy and Organizational Commitment
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 962-974; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030071 - 25 Aug 2021
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the roles of self-efficacy and organizational commitment in the sequential mediation of the relationship between ethical leadership and employee engagement. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires of employees from private and public sector organizations of
[...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to examine the roles of self-efficacy and organizational commitment in the sequential mediation of the relationship between ethical leadership and employee engagement. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires of employees from private and public sector organizations of Pakistan. We opted for a three-wave time-lagged design, and we used the PROCESS macro by Hayes on a sample of 211 employees (35% male, 65% female) via the 2000 re-sample bias-corrected bootstrap method. The results show a significant relationship between ethical leadership and employee engagement with mediating effects of self-efficacy and organizational commitment. Self-efficacy and organizational commitment fully mediated the relationship. The results provide insight into the understanding of employee behavior, particularly in the presence of moral leadership. Drawing on the conservation of resource theory, we examined how ethical leader support enables employees to invest their resources into positive outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Dimensions of Creativity in Secondary School High-Ability Students
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 953-961; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030070 - 24 Aug 2021
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The objective of this study was to analyze the dimensions of creativity in high-ability teenage students. Firstly, we reviewed the most relevant scientific contributions on creativity. Next, the dimensions of creativity in secondary school students who were previously identified as high-ability students were
[...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to analyze the dimensions of creativity in high-ability teenage students. Firstly, we reviewed the most relevant scientific contributions on creativity. Next, the dimensions of creativity in secondary school students who were previously identified as high-ability students were analyzed. The sample was obtained from 215 students, of which 31 were identified as high-ability students. The abilities associated with divergent thinking were assessed using the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking The fluency, flexibility, and originality dimensions were assessed with the Scientific-Creative Thinking Test. This study was conducted using a quantitative approach. Tests were administered during school hours from March to June 2019. They were corrected considering the protocols established by the original authors themselves. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 24.0. The results provide evidence that high-ability students achieve higher scores in both the figurative-creativity and scientific-creativity dimensions. A significant relationship between creativity and high ability was therefore established. Students with high abilities and qualities require the educational support necessary to develop their talent. This study was of an exploratory nature and the results obtained contribute to developing future studies applying its findings in teenagers’ teaching–learning process.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Encouraging Undergraduate Marketing Students to Reflect on Critical Thinking and the Digital Gender Divide
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 933-952; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030069 - 19 Aug 2021
Abstract
In today’s society where there is an abundance of accessible, complex, and often false information, critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill so that citizens in general and students in particular can make complex decisions based on scientific evidence, rather than on prejudices,
[...] Read more.
In today’s society where there is an abundance of accessible, complex, and often false information, critical thinking (CT) is an essential skill so that citizens in general and students in particular can make complex decisions based on scientific evidence, rather than on prejudices, biases, and pre-established beliefs. In this context, the purpose of this study is to discover whether Active Learning (AL) methodology, using different technologies, contributes to improving the CT of the student body, applying it to the Digital Gender Divide (DGD). Three questionnaires were used to collect information, using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach. Open-ended questions are included for fuller answers, which are complemented by content analysis of the recordings and virtual presentations made. The results show that the AL methodology favours the development of CT in the DGD in a remarkable way. Likewise, the various technologies implemented in the methodology (e.g., the Google Applications Site, online round table discussions, role-plays, virtual presentations, and forms) are relevant to improving CT in DGD. It concludes by recommending the implementation of AL with CT as in the one carried out, to help prepare better professionals and raise awareness of how to reduce the DGD.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methodological Contributions to Educational Research on the Formation of Social Thought)
Open AccessArticle
Is Electronic Health Literacy Associated with Learning Outcomes among Medical Students in the First Clinical Year?: A Cross-Sectional Study
by
, , , , and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 923-932; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030068 - 19 Aug 2021
Abstract
Medical students tend to use the internet as a primary resource when seeking health information. This study aims to assess the patterns of internet use, eHL level, and learning outcomes with eHL among medical students at Chiang Mai University. A cross-sectional study was
[...] Read more.
Medical students tend to use the internet as a primary resource when seeking health information. This study aims to assess the patterns of internet use, eHL level, and learning outcomes with eHL among medical students at Chiang Mai University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 88 medical students in the first clinical year. The eHL level was determined using the Thai version of the electronic Health Literacy Scale or eHEALS. The patient case report scores were obtained representing the learning outcome. Linear regression was used to identify factors influencing their eHL level and case report scores. Students recognized the importance and usefulness of the internet. The mean eHEALS score was 33.45. There was a lower degree of agreement on questions regarding internet usage, having skills to evaluate the resources, and confidence in using health information to make health decisions. The eHEALS score had no statistically significant association with most variables and case report scores, but with the longer time of internet use (p-value = 0.014). Although medical students perceived that they have high eHL levels, they report lower confidence in using the information. Including critical thinking skills for electronic health information in the medical curriculum could be useful.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 21st Century Health Communication Challenges: Public Health Emergencies)
Open AccessArticle
Preliminary Validation Study of the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale and the Centrality of Religiosity Scale for the Portuguese Population
by
, , , , and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 908-922; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030067 (registering DOI) - 18 Aug 2021
Abstract
Religion is a construct widely present in most people’s lives. Religious motivations, either intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as religious centrality, are crucial aspects of religion. In the Portuguese population, there are no validated instruments to assess these aspects of religion. Accordingly, this
[...] Read more.
Religion is a construct widely present in most people’s lives. Religious motivations, either intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as religious centrality, are crucial aspects of religion. In the Portuguese population, there are no validated instruments to assess these aspects of religion. Accordingly, this study intends to validate the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (IRMS) and the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) for the Portuguese population. This is a validation study whose sample consists of 326 participants (73.1% women) from the general population. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and the correlations between the constructs and self-compassion were determined to assess the convergent and divergent validity. The results obtained confirm the existence of models adjusted to the population, allowing us to conclude that the instruments are reliable for assessing the studied constructs. The validation of the IRMS and CRS for the Portuguese population is of outstanding importance, as it provides researchers in the field with valid instruments and psychometric qualities to carry out research within religion and religiosity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Coping With Daily Stress and Related Educational and Psychosocial Factors)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Predicting University Adjustment from Coping-Styles, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Personality: Findings from a Survey in a Sample of Italian Students
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 894-907; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030066 - 17 Aug 2021
Abstract
Starting university life requires that students learn to cope with several personal, academic, and social challenges. A wide array of variables affects how students adjust to university life. This study was aimed to investigate which factors among coping styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality
[...] Read more.
Starting university life requires that students learn to cope with several personal, academic, and social challenges. A wide array of variables affects how students adjust to university life. This study was aimed to investigate which factors among coping styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality traits (i.e., diligence, relational availability, mental flexibility, activity, and emotional stability) best predicted the levels of university adjustment in a sample of university freshmen (N = 204, 63% women). Data were collected using self-report instruments. Multiple regressions analyses were conducted to identify the most significant predictors of adjustment to college. Our findings reported that self-efficacy, task-, and emotion-oriented coping were the most significant predictors, together with relational availability and mental flexibility. These findings might improve the growing knowledge concerning university adjustment, supporting main previous research. The observed relationships between university adjustment and the measured variables suggest intriguing considerations about the importance for schools and universities of providing interventions for students that aim to develop and strengthen the investigated personality facets, reducing withdrawal, behavioral and/or mental disengagement, and promoting academic achievement and success.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)
Open AccessArticle
The Role of Junior Adolescents’ School Well-Being/Ill-Being Characteristics in School Anxiety Variations
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 878-893; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030065 - 17 Aug 2021
Abstract
Difficulties that junior adolescents (aged 11–13 years old) experience in terms of academic adaptation, which are indicated through school anxiety and academic wellbeing characteristics, often lead to a dramatic decrease in academic performance, behavioral problems, and deterioration of their health. The purpose of
[...] Read more.
Difficulties that junior adolescents (aged 11–13 years old) experience in terms of academic adaptation, which are indicated through school anxiety and academic wellbeing characteristics, often lead to a dramatic decrease in academic performance, behavioral problems, and deterioration of their health. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the structure of characteristics of school wellbeing/ill-being of junior adolescents and their role in variations of school anxiety, which largely define academic adaptation. In this study, based on positive psychology and a systematic approach, the level of distinctiveness of characteristics of school wellbeing is carried out with the help of comparative analysis; the factor structure of these characteristics is identified; the characteristics of wellbeing and their coordinated combinations (factors) are determined as predictors of school anxiety. The sample consisted of 120 students of the 5th–7th grades, aged M = 11.5; SD = 1.04 (49.2% girls, 50.8% boys) who attended Saratov secondary schools. To study the level of school anxiety, we used the Philips’ School Anxiety Scale (SAS), and indicators of school wellbeing were measured with the original scales developed by the authors of the study. Statistical processing of the results was carried out with regression analysis and factor analysis. The results showed that the school wellbeing of junior adolescents forms a complex structure that includes cognitive, personal, emotional, social, and psychophysiological characteristics of school life. It was found that from 16% up to 53% of the deviation of variables characterizing school anxiety is conditioned by the assessment of variables characterizing emotional states, the ability of self-regulation, cognitive capabilities, and interest in learning. The study determined a high level of tension in adolescents in the field of emotions’ self-regulation, unpleasant physical sensations at school, before and after attending school, in the course of planning their school day and reflecting on educational activities. The most powerful factors of school anxiety in junior adolescents are physical distress, low ability to self-regulate and social adaptation, lack of independence in a learning activity, and personal immaturity.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Coping With Daily Stress and Related Educational and Psychosocial Factors)
Open AccessArticle
The Implementation of a Remote Work Program in an Italian Municipality before COVID-19: Suggestions to HR Officers for the Post-COVID-19 Era
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 866-877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030064 - 15 Aug 2021
Abstract
This case study describes the implementation stages and some outcomes of a remote work program that was adopted in an Italian municipality before the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a qualitative case study approach, proposing a semi-structured interview with 14 staff members (six
[...] Read more.
This case study describes the implementation stages and some outcomes of a remote work program that was adopted in an Italian municipality before the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a qualitative case study approach, proposing a semi-structured interview with 14 staff members (six remote-worker employees, their respective managers, and two intermediate-level managers) about the experience with the remote work program. In addition, two researchers attended two preparatory program meetings. The evidence shows that, even before the COVID-19 pandemic, remote work was mainly performed at home, for one or two days a week. Together with their manager, remote workers decided the tasks to perform remotely and the criteria to monitor remote work. Furthermore, employees appreciated the remote work program, perceiving themselves to be more productive in their work. Elements of this case study may be relevant for companies that aim to move from an emergency to a more planned remote work.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)
Open AccessBrief Report
Association between Change in Regional Phase Angle and Jump Performance: A Pilot Study in Serie A Soccer Players
by
, , , , and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 860-865; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030063 - 15 Aug 2021
Abstract
Purpose: This observational longitudinal investigation aimed to investigate whether change in bioelectrical regional phase angle (PhA) is a predictor of change in vertical jump performance in elite soccer players. Methods: Fifteen soccer players (age: 28.7 ± 5.0 years, body weight: 82.4 ±
[...] Read more.
Purpose: This observational longitudinal investigation aimed to investigate whether change in bioelectrical regional phase angle (PhA) is a predictor of change in vertical jump performance in elite soccer players. Methods: Fifteen soccer players (age: 28.7 ± 5.0 years, body weight: 82.4 ± 6.8 kg, height: 186.0 ± 0.1 cm, body mass index: 23.8 ± 1.2 kg/m2) competing in the first Italian division (Serie A) were included in this study and tested before the pre-season period and after the first half of the championship. Whole body and lower hemisoma PhA were obtained with a phase-sensitive 50 kHz bioelectrical impedance analyzer and legs lean soft tissue was estimated using specific bioimpedance-based equation developed for athletes. Vertical jump performance was assessed using the countermovement jump (CMJ). Results: The major findings of the study are that changes in lower hemisoma PhA are more strongly related with changes in jump performance (r2 = 0.617, p = 0.001) than changes in whole-body PhA (r2 = 0.270, p = 0.047), even after adjusting for legs lean soft tissue and for body mass index (β = 5.17, p = 0.004). Conclusions: These data suggest that changes in lower hemisoma PhA might be used as a tool for evaluating performance related parameters in sports where specific body segments are involved, in preference to the whole-body measured value.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Body Image Perception and Body Composition in Different Populations: The Role of Physical Education and Sport)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessBrief Report
Adolescents’ School Burnout: A Comparative Study between Italy and Switzerland
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 849-859; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030062 - 11 Aug 2021
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze and compare students’ school burnout levels in Switzerland and Italy. Previous research has confirmed that female and older students in particular are highly exposed to burnout risk. Nevertheless, few studies have observed this phenomenon through a cross-national comparison.
[...] Read more.
This study aimed to analyze and compare students’ school burnout levels in Switzerland and Italy. Previous research has confirmed that female and older students in particular are highly exposed to burnout risk. Nevertheless, few studies have observed this phenomenon through a cross-national comparison. Data on burnout were collected from a sample of 840 adolescents (Italian students = 497; Swiss students = 343) (Mage = 14.98; SD = 1.06; Female = 50%). Burnout was measured using the School Burnout Inventory, and cross-cultural measurement invariance was tested. The results showed that this burnout measure was equivalent between the Italian and Swiss samples. A multivariate analysis of variance was next conducted to investigate the effects of age, gender, and nationality. Results partially confirmed our hypotheses, showing the effect of age but not of gender in explaining burnout differences among students, and between and within-group variance. In particular, the burnout risk was found to be higher in late adolescence (age 16 to 18, Mexhaution = 2.73; Mcynicism = 2.99; MInadequacy = 3.14) than in mid-adolescence (age 13 to 15 Mexhaution = 2.95; Mcynicism = 3.43; MInadequacy = 3.54). Furthermore, Italian adolescents were more exhausted and cynical (Mexhaution = 2.99; Mcynicism = 3.26) than their Swiss peers (Mexhaution = 2.52; Mcynicism = 2.93) when controlling for age and gender. Findings suggest further investigation of the role played by educational and cultural values may be warranted.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
An Examination of COVID-19-Related Stressors among Parents
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 838-848; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030061 - 06 Aug 2021
Abstract
The circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have taken a psychological toll on parents. Thus, understanding the impact of these contextual stressors on parents is important to help inform the development of family-based health promotion interventions. The present study examined parents’ perception of various
[...] Read more.
The circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic have taken a psychological toll on parents. Thus, understanding the impact of these contextual stressors on parents is important to help inform the development of family-based health promotion interventions. The present study examined parents’ perception of various sources of stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 294) completed an open-ended question about their primary source of stress during the pandemic, which we coded into one or more of the following categories: family, work, health, and finance. We used chi-square tests to determine whether gender, marital status, financial strain, and education level were significantly related to each of the four primary sources of stress. We found that female, married, and financially strained participants were more likely to report family-related stressors. Further, we found that participants who expressed concern over health-related stressors were more likely to have pre-existing health conditions. Finally, we found that single participants were more likely to express concerns over financial stressors. Our findings shed light on parental concerns following the pandemic and inform new research directions, clinical approaches, and policy issues at the individual, community, and societal levels.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fitness Status and Quality of Life during and Post- COVID-19 Pandemic in Different Populations)
Open AccessArticle
Psychometric Properties of the Lasher and Faulkender Anxiety about Aging Scale (AAS) among Iranian Older Adults
by
, , , , and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 829-837; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030060 - 28 Jul 2021
Abstract
(1) Background: The older adult population of society is exposed to multiple stressors daily, such as the loss of loved ones, dysfunctional mobility, financial dependence, and suffering from numerous chronic illnesses. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Anxiety
[...] Read more.
(1) Background: The older adult population of society is exposed to multiple stressors daily, such as the loss of loved ones, dysfunctional mobility, financial dependence, and suffering from numerous chronic illnesses. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Anxiety about Aging Scale among older adults in Iran. (2) Methods: A sample of 703 community-dwelling older adults was recruited and screened using a standardized tool. The mean age of participants was 69.4 ± 8.1 years. The majority of participants were male (59.2%), married (66.6%), and illiterate (79.7%). A ‘forward-backward’ translation method was used in developing the Iranian version of the AAS for assessing the psychometric properties among older adults. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model were used for construct validity. (3) Results: Applying CFA indicated that the model’s four original factors are the best solution, representing 55% of the total variance. The result of the CFA showed that this four-factor model had a good fit for the data. The findings were also confirmed by Rasch analysis. (4) Conclusions: The Persian version of the AAS is valid and reliable for measuring aging anxiety among Iranian older adults.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active or Healthy Ageing)
Open AccessArticle
Factors Related with Underperformance in Reading Proficiency, the Case of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 813-828; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030059 - 24 Jul 2021
Abstract
Almost 217 million secondary school students (60% of the world’s adolescents) do not reach minimum levels in reading proficiency at the end of secondary school, according to objective 4.1 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the early and efficient identification of this
[...] Read more.
Almost 217 million secondary school students (60% of the world’s adolescents) do not reach minimum levels in reading proficiency at the end of secondary school, according to objective 4.1 of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the early and efficient identification of this disadvantage and implementation of remedial strategies is critical for economies. In 2018, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) assessed the reading skills of 15-year-old students in 80 countries and economies. This work introduces a methodology that uses PISA’s data to build logistic regression models to identify the main factors contributing to students’ underperforming reading skills. Results showed that socioeconomic status (SES), metacognition strategies, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills, and student–teacher relationships are the most important contributors to low reading abilities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Perspectives for the Positive Use of ICT in Education)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Associations between Personality Traits and Basal Cortisol Responses in Sailing Athletes
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 804-812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030058 - 24 Jul 2021
Abstract
There is a paucity of literature regarding the psycho-physiological profiles of sailors on board. This study aimed at providing empirical evidence on the individual differences between bowmen and helmsmen taking into account a biopsychological perspective. To this purpose, sailors’ profiles were examined by
[...] Read more.
There is a paucity of literature regarding the psycho-physiological profiles of sailors on board. This study aimed at providing empirical evidence on the individual differences between bowmen and helmsmen taking into account a biopsychological perspective. To this purpose, sailors’ profiles were examined by focusing on the association between personality traits and basal cortisol. The sample was composed of 104 athletes (Mage = 21.32, SD = 0.098; F = 35%), who fulfilled a self-reported questionnaire including a socio-demographic section and the Big Five questionnaire. Cortisol samples were collected on the day before the competition, within 30 min after awakening. T-test analysis showed significant differences on cortisol levels: bowmen obtained higher levels on cortisol responses compared to helmsmen. No differences emerged on personality traits between athletes’ roles. Bivariate associations showed positive associations of cortisol responses with extraversion and conscientiousness in bowmen, whereas no significant associations of cortisol with personality traits were found in helmsmen. Regression analyses confirmed that sex and extraversion predicted higher level of cortisol responses. Results were discussed in terms of a bio-psychosocial theoretical approach and provided findings on the relationships between personality trait and the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA) system in dinghy sailors. Suggestions for a more suitable selection of sailor roles were given to coaches in order to improve athletes’ performance.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Human Health)
Open AccessArticle
Burnout, Organizational Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Brazilian Teachers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 795-803; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030057 - 23 Jul 2021
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and the association between burnout, organizational self-efficacy and self-esteem, and to assess the predictive influence of burnout and organizational self-efficacy on self-esteem among Brazilian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian teachers (
[...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and the association between burnout, organizational self-efficacy and self-esteem, and to assess the predictive influence of burnout and organizational self-efficacy on self-esteem among Brazilian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brazilian teachers (n = 302) between 24 and 70 years old (Mage = 46.75, SD = 11.02) participated in this study. Measurement instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Burnout Assessment Tool, the Organizational Self-Efficacy Scale and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. The prevalence of burnout symptoms was 3.2%, the prevalence of low occupational self-efficacy was 21.5%, and the prevalence of low self-esteem was 2.7%. Significant correlations were found between all variables under study. Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that overall levels of burnout explained 40% of the variance of self-esteem, while together with organizational self-efficacy, it explained 55%. This study presents evidence of the impact of overall levels of burnout and self-efficacy on teachers’ self-esteem and also contributes to the body of knowledge under construction about the scenario perceived by teachers in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
A Bibliometric Review of Research on International Students’ Mental Health: Science Mapping of the Literature from 1957 to 2020
by
, , , , , and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 781-794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030056 - 21 Jul 2021
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
The mental health of university students is not only a predominant topic for psychology and education researchers but also a source of interest for policymakers and various stakeholders. Although there has been a lot of research on higher education students’ mental health, we
[...] Read more.
The mental health of university students is not only a predominant topic for psychology and education researchers but also a source of interest for policymakers and various stakeholders. Although there has been a lot of research on higher education students’ mental health, we have little understanding on the mental health of international students (MHIS). Despite their distinctive characteristics compared to native students, the mental health issues of international students only started receiving attention very recently. So far, the literature on this topic lacks a comprehensive overview of its sub-topic and trending issues. By using bibliometric analysis, this research aims to fulfil this gap and provide a review of the extant literature about MHIS. Specifically, this study aims to (i) draw the growth trajectory and geographic distribution of the literature on MHIS; (ii) identify the documents and authors that have the greatest impact, generally and locally, within the major topic clusters of the literature on MHIS; and (iii) identify the most researched keywords in the literature on MHIS over time. The results have shown that academic documents about international students’ mental health are increasing in number and becoming more extensive content-wise. The research’s findings provide implications for stakeholders and identifies some prominent research avenues for the future.
Full article

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Between Academic Resilience and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Satisfaction on School Context Relationships
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 770-780; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030055 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 1
Abstract
School burnout is considered an extreme form of maladjustment that can seriously undermine the academic path of students who are affected. Previous studies have focused on possible protective factors, highlighting the role of academic resilience, i.e., the ability to overcome chronic adversity in
[...] Read more.
School burnout is considered an extreme form of maladjustment that can seriously undermine the academic path of students who are affected. Previous studies have focused on possible protective factors, highlighting the role of academic resilience, i.e., the ability to overcome chronic adversity in the school setting. Notwithstanding this, it is equally important to explore the role of the classroom environment and the satisfaction felt by the student toward relationships with teachers and classmates. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between academic resilience and burnout and to explore the moderating role of relationship satisfaction with teachers and classmates. A sample of 576 Italian students (Female = 53.1%), aged 14–18 (M = 15.73, SD = 1.56) were involved in the study. Correlations and moderated regressions analyses were conducted to test the hypotheses. The results show academic resilience and satisfaction as inversely related to school burnout. Furthermore, the satisfaction on the relationships with classmates moderated the relation between academic resilience and burnout. Findings were discussed by highlighting the importance of promoting both individual and contextual factors to prevent burnout risk.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positive Resources to Promote Well Being in Educational and Work Contexts and in Career Trajectories)
►▼
Show Figures

Figure 1
Open AccessArticle
Incident Factors in the Sustainable Development of Digital Teaching Competence in Dual Vocational Education and Training Teachers
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 758-769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030054 - 15 Jul 2021
Abstract
For years the technological revolution has been transforming all facets of our society. Teaching could obviously not be an exception but is quite the opposite because of its role in training the individuals of that society. Teachers at all levels of education are
[...] Read more.
For years the technological revolution has been transforming all facets of our society. Teaching could obviously not be an exception but is quite the opposite because of its role in training the individuals of that society. Teachers at all levels of education are subjected to an adaptation process to develop the digital skills necessary for this transformation. This process must be permanent as there are still major deficiencies in teachers’ ICT knowledge and rejection of their application. This study aims to see whether the inadequacy of digital teaching skills also occurs in the Dual Vocational Training modality. To this end, a descriptive quantitative method has been carried out in a sample of teachers from the Professional Formation Dual system in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. The results show an insufficient level of digital skills that is therefore improvable, finding some factors that influence, to some extent, the various components of digital competence such as prior teacher training, the locality in which their school resides or the category of teaching to which he belongs. Therefore, it is advised to continue to promote in-service training in digital competence for in-service teachers in order to achieve sustainable educational development.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends and Perspectives for the Positive Use of ICT in Education)
Open AccessReview
Temperament and Academic Achievement in Children: A Meta-Analysis
by
and
Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(3), 736-757; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030053 - 12 Jul 2021
Abstract
►▼
Show Figures
This study aimed to systematize the diverse and rather controversial findings of empirical research on the relationship between the temperament and academic achievement of school children, as well as to determine the average effect size between these variables. We included 57 original studies
[...] Read more.
This study aimed to systematize the diverse and rather controversial findings of empirical research on the relationship between the temperament and academic achievement of school children, as well as to determine the average effect size between these variables. We included 57 original studies of published and unpublished research conducted in 12 countries between 1985 and 2019, with cumulative sample size of 79,913 (varying from 6333 to 14,126 for links between particular temperament dimensions and specific domains of achievement). A random-effects and mixed-effects model was fitted to the data for the central tendency of the temperament–achievement relation and for analyzing moderators, respectively. The high heterogeneity of studies was tackled by selected specific moderators, namely, education level, transition status, family’s socio-economic level, and sources of report on achievement and temperament. The main findings of this meta-analysis affirmed the positive association of effortful control (EC) and inverse relationship of negative affectivity (NA) with a child’s academic performance, together with no apparent trend of surgency (SU) in this relationship; additionally, the sources of report significantly moderated the link between temperament and academic achievement.
Full article

Figure 1
Highly Accessed Articles
Latest Books
E-Mail Alert
News
Conferences
Special Issues
Special Issue in
EJIHPE
Current and Emerging Aspects of Cybersexuality
Guest Editor: Krystelle ShaughnessyDeadline: 30 September 2021
Special Issue in
EJIHPE
Application of STEM Subjects in Different Disciplines: Use of Data Mining and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Guest Editors: María Consuelo Sáiz Manzanares, Miguel Ángel Queiruga DiosDeadline: 12 October 2021
Special Issue in
EJIHPE
Psycholinguistics of Second Language Acquisition: New Trends and Current Approaches
Guest Editors: Blanka Klímová, Marcel PikhartDeadline: 31 October 2021
Special Issue in
EJIHPE
Mathematics Teaching in Secondary School Education in Spain
Guest Editor: Ángel Alberto MagreñánDeadline: 12 November 2021

