European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

17 pages, 1294 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positive Relational Management and Occupational Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Flourishing and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

by Marta Peña, Marta Llorente-Alonso, Cristina Garcia-Ael and Gabriela Topa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3039-3055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120199 - 10 Dec 2024

Abstract

This study examines the relevance of interpersonal relationships in the work environment, focusing specifically on analyzing associations between positive relational management, which refers to the use of relational resources that enable adaptation to the workplace, and key organizational variables such as flourishing, individual-directed [...] Read more.

This study examines the relevance of interpersonal relationships in the work environment, focusing specifically on analyzing associations between positive relational management, which refers to the use of relational resources that enable adaptation to the workplace, and key organizational variables such as flourishing, individual-directed organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBis), and life satisfaction. Given the importance of this topic, a structural model is required for the possible relationship between positive relational management and other organizational variables relevant to occupational well-being. As a preliminary step, the Positive Relational Management Scale (PRMS) was analyzed and validated in a sample of 348 Spanish workers. The results revealed that the overall model has a good fit, with reliable and valid construct measures. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of the model was confirmed, although gender invariance was not satisfied. In conclusion, the results confirm the simple mediation hypothesis, in which flourishing mediates the relationship between positive relational management and life satisfaction. In contrast, multiple mediations between the variables could not be confirmed. This study highlights the importance of interpersonal relationships for employee well-being in the workplace. Full article

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19 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

‘Some Days Are Not a Good Day to Be a Mum’: Exploring Lived Experiences of Guilt and Shame in the Early Postpartum Period

by Leanne Jackson, Emily O’Donoghue, Jasmin Helm, Rita Gentilcore and Anisha Hussain

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3019-3038; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120198 - 2 Dec 2024

Abstract

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. [...] Read more.

The first 16 weeks postpartum are particularly challenging for a new mother and are associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychological distress. Guilt and shame have been identified as significant predictors of other forms of psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression. However, guilt and shame are poorly distinguished in pre-existing literature. The current study used inductive thematic analysis to explore lived experiences of guilt and shame in the early postpartum period. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women who had given birth in the past 16 weeks and who were residing in the UK at the time of the investigation. All those interviewed had internalised unrealistic mothering ideals. Physical constraints on one’s parenting abilities, due to birth recovery, exacerbated postpartum guilt and shame. Other sources of guilt and shame included body dissatisfaction and making comparisons against other mothers and media depictions of motherhood. Participants were hesitant to confide in others about parenting challenges due to fears of judgement, which perpetuated the shame-concealment cycle. Future research should prioritise the development of interventions designed to target a harsh parenting inner critic, and the re-framing of cognitive biases, to nurture more realistic and self-compassionate beliefs about motherhood. For practice, current findings mirror previous calls for intimate partners to be actively included in routine appointments, to provide healthcare practitioners with specialist training in postpartum mental health, and to educate mothers on responsible social media use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parenting across the Lifespan: Perinatal Mental Health, Infant Feeding, and Child Development)

18 pages, 358 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Step Forward in Long COVID Research: Validating the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale

by Somayeh Pour Mohammadi, Razieh Etesamipour, Francisco Mercado Romero and Irene Peláez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 3001-3018; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120197 - 1 Dec 2024

Abstract

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety of enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase of the illness, impacting multiple facets of patients’ psychological and physical health. The persistent symptoms encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive [...] Read more.

Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, includes a variety of enduring symptoms that endure beyond the acute phase of the illness, impacting multiple facets of patients’ psychological and physical health. The persistent symptoms encompass fatigue, breathing difficulties, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive impairments, which can significantly affect daily functioning and overall quality of life. The objective of this study was to create and validate the accuracy of the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale, which is used to evaluate cognitive impairments resulting from a COVID-19 infection. This study was conducted in Iran between January and September 2023. It consisted of three phases: developing the scale, evaluating its content validity with experts, and validating its structure with 454 participants using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis revealed two variables, namely memory and attention, which accounted for 40.38% of the variation. Confirmatory factor analysis verified the model’s fit, with indices indicating satisfactory alignment: CMIN/DF = 2.80, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05, CFI = 0.93, and TLI = 0.92. The factor loadings were statistically significant (p < 0.001), and Cronbach’s Alpha values indicated strong internal consistency (working memory = 0.81, attention = 0.80). These results affirm the Post-COVID Cognitive Impairment Scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating cognitive deficiencies in individuals with long COVID. Its application in clinical and research environments aids in the prompt detection and tracking of the treatment of such impairments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges)

23 pages, 1388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Olfactory Identification as a Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment: Insights from Healthy Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment

by Jaime Bouhaben, Alice Helena Delgado-Lima and María Luisa Delgado-Losada

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2978-3000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120196 - 29 Nov 2024

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive impairment by examining OI abilities across various stages of cognitive deterioration. Methods: A total of 264 participants were divided into three groups based on cognitive status: cognitively [...] Read more.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between olfactory identification (OI) and cognitive impairment by examining OI abilities across various stages of cognitive deterioration. Methods: A total of 264 participants were divided into three groups based on cognitive status: cognitively healthy, subjective cognitive, and mild cognitive impairment. All participants were assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks Olfactory Identification test and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Results: Our results highlight the main effects of age and cognitive status on OI scores. Regarding cognitive abilities, OI is associated with measures of short-term memory, long-term, working memory, and selective attention. Finally, logistic regression models showed that OI is a significant predictor for discriminating SCD from CH, MCI from CH, and MCI from SCD. Discussion: These findings suggest the addition of olfactory identification measures in neuropsychological assessments could improve the early detection of individuals at risk for cognitive impairment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Well-Being among Older Adults: Current Trends and Future Challenges)

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12 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creative Self-Efficacy and Social Skills in a Portuguese Sample of University Students: Links with Self-Esteem, Academic Achievement and Life Satisfaction

by Alba González Moreno, Celeste Simões, Anabela Caetano Santos and María del Mar Molero Jurado

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2966-2977; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120195 - 28 Nov 2024

Abstract

Creative self-efficacy and social skills are two elements that can significantly enhance personal and professional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relations established between creative self-efficacy and social skills with other variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and [...] Read more.

Creative self-efficacy and social skills are two elements that can significantly enhance personal and professional development. The main objective of this research is to analyze the relations established between creative self-efficacy and social skills with other variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and life satisfaction. The participants included in the methodology of this study are a total of 238 Portuguese university students. The instruments used were the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, the Social Skills Questionnaire (CHASO), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and a series of ad hoc questions to assess academic performance. The results obtained indicate the existence of significant relations between creative self-efficacy and social skills, with the latter also being positively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Analyses indicate that there are significant differences according to gender, academic performance, and the level of self-esteem of the participants. In addition, variables such as self-esteem, academic performance, and fluency act as predictors of life satisfaction. The importance of further exploring and understanding the complex relationship between creative self-efficacy, social skills, and individual well-being in the university context is discussed. Full article

9 pages, 1899 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Negative Association Between Schizophrenia and Subsequent Cancer Diagnoses—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany

by Ira Rodemer, Céline Vetter, Matthias Kalder, André Hajek and Karel Kostev

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2957-2965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120194 - 26 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer [...] Read more.

Background: Since previous studies have reported contradictory findings regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer, we evaluated the association between schizophrenia and cancer diagnoses. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database was utilized to examine the incidence of cancer among patients aged over 18 years diagnosed with schizophrenia in German general practices from 2005 to 2022. Patients with schizophrenia were compared with those without the condition, with adjustments made for age, sex, index year of diagnosis, average annual practitioners visit frequency, and comorbidity. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyze the 10-year cumulative incidence of schizophrenia and cancer in total amongst patients with and without schizophrenia. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to calculate Hazard Ratios (HR) of cancer risk and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of cancer in total and of specific cancer types. Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N = 13.711) had a lower incidence of cancer diagnosis compared to those without (N = 68.555). Specifically, 10.4% of patients with schizophrenia and 12.5% of patients without the condition were diagnosed with cancer (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer in the total population (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.76–0.90), and among men (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.61–0.80), but not among women (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84–1.04). Analyses stratified by cancer type and sex revealed a strong and significant association between schizophrenia and a decreased risk of prostate cancer in men (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.24–0.61). Furthermore, there was also a negative association between schizophrenia and colorectal cancer risk in men, but statistical significance was not reached (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37–0.93). Conclusions: This study demonstrates negative associations between schizophrenia and subsequent cancer, and more specifically in men for prostate and colorectal cancer. However, further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these associations. Full article

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13 pages, 875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Psychological Factors and Resilience in Mediating Sports Passion in Triathletes

by Francesca Ancarani, Óscar Gavín-Chocano, David Molero and Germán Vicente-Rodríguez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(12), 2944-2956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14120193 - 23 Nov 2024

Abstract

The present study aims to analyze the psychological characteristics associated with the performance of amateur athletes, exploring their relationships with key variables such as resilience, harmonious and obsessive passion, and perception of discomfort. The main objective is to establish the relationship between psychological [...] Read more.

The present study aims to analyze the psychological characteristics associated with the performance of amateur athletes, exploring their relationships with key variables such as resilience, harmonious and obsessive passion, and perception of discomfort. The main objective is to establish the relationship between psychological characteristics and each of the variables used (resilience, personal competence, and acceptance of self and life), and to consider whether these are related to passion (harmonious and obsessive) through a structural equation analysis. The sample was composed of 110 persons: 87 adults (22 females, mean age 40.7 ± 9.1 years; 65 males, mean age in years 42.1 ± 11.9) and 23 adolescents (16 females, mean age 14.8 ± 1.3 years; 7 males, mean age 15.3 ± 2.1 years). Psychological characteristics were assessed using the Psychological Characteristics Related to Performance (CPRD) questionnaire, passion using the Passion Scale instrument, and resilience using the Resilience Scale (RS-14) questionnaire. The analyses were based on a structural equation model analysis (PLS-SEM). The results showed adequate coefficients of determination (R index²) and Stone–Geisser predictive relevance (Q²) for the personal competence resilience factors (R² = 0.517; Q² = 0.218) and acceptance of self and life (R² =.415; Q² = 0.231), as well as for the passion dimensions harmonious passion (R² = 0.357; Q²= 0.168) and obsessive passion (R² = 0.085; Q²= 0.034). In conclusion, a close relationship was demonstrated between psychological characteristics related to sports performance and the variables of resilience and passion (both harmonious and obsessive). In particular, it was confirmed that mental skills and stress management are linked to the dimensions of resilience, and these dimensions influence both types of passion. In addition, team cohesion and personal competence also play a crucial role in the development of passion, highlighting the importance of these factors in the assessment of sports performance and influencing the well-being of amateur athletes in their personal and sports development. Full article

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12 pages, 894 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Examining the Factor Structure and Validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21

by Grant Jacobsen, Madeline P. Casanova, Alexandra Dluzniewski, Ashley J. Reeves and Russell T. Baker

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2932-2943; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110192 - 20 Nov 2024

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of mental health disorders calls for valid and reliable instruments that are easy to administer and assess for clinicians and researchers. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a commonly used instrument to assess psychological distress; however, model fit and [...] Read more.

Background: The prevalence of mental health disorders calls for valid and reliable instruments that are easy to administer and assess for clinicians and researchers. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a commonly used instrument to assess psychological distress; however, model fit and internal reliability issues have been reported. Our objective was to assess the factorial and structural validity of the DASS-21. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the full sample (n = 1036) to assess the proposed three-factor DASS-21 using a priori cut-off values. Because model fit indices were not met, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to identify a parsimonious model. The resulting three-factor structure (i.e., DASS-9) was then assessed using CFA and multigroup invariance testing procedures. Results: The proposed three-factor DASS-21 did not meet model fit criteria. The DASS-9 did meet recommended model fit criteria and was invariant between sex, injury status, mental health diagnosis, and activity level groups. Statistically different group means were found between mental health diagnosis and activity level groups, while no differences between sex or injury status groups were found. Conclusions: The current study provides support to use a condensed DASS-21 instrument, such as the DASS-9. Future research is necessary to establish the DASS-9 prior to its adoption in research and clinical practice. Additionally, there is a need to identify and review all condensed versions of the DASS-21, so individuals know which instrument can be used for clinical or research purposes. Full article

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14 pages, 1261 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bivalent Fears of Evaluation in Social Anxiety: Evaluation of an Extended Psychoevolutionary Model

by Glen W. Bates, Pragalathan Apputhurai and Simon R. Knowles

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2918-2931; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110191 - 12 Nov 2024

Abstract

Fears of negative evaluation (FNEs) and fears of positive evaluation (FPEs) comprise a bivalent model of evaluation that can explain the aetiology and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). In this study, we examined an extended version of this model which incorporates two [...] Read more.

Fears of negative evaluation (FNEs) and fears of positive evaluation (FPEs) comprise a bivalent model of evaluation that can explain the aetiology and maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). In this study, we examined an extended version of this model which incorporates two related cognitive processes (concerns about reprisal and discounting of positive outcomes) as partial mediators of the effects of FNEs and FPEs. We built on earlier work by including a broader measure of social anxiety across different social situations and comparing models for groups of participants with and without probable SAD. Structural equation modelling was utilised to test the model in a sample of 890 university students (74.8% female, mean age 29.49). We replicated the findings of Cook et al. in the overall sample and in the group with probable SAD. FNEs and FPEs predicted social anxiety directly and were serially mediated by concerns about reprisal and discounting positive outcomes. The model was also a good fit for those without SAD; however, in the model, FNEs were no longer a direct predictor of social anxiety. The findings confirm the utility of the extended bivalent model and have implications for psychoevolutionary accounts of social anxiety. Full article

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17 pages, 1138 KiB

Open AccessReview

Addressing the Sense of School Belonging Among All Students? A Systematic Literature Review

by Urška Štremfel, Klaudija Šterman Ivančič and Igor Peras

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2901-2917; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110190 - 12 Nov 2024

Abstract

The sense of school belonging plays an important role in students’ academic, behavioural, and psychological outcomes. Based on a systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and examining 86 studies conducted between 1990 and February 2023, the article addresses two research questions: (a) [...] Read more.

The sense of school belonging plays an important role in students’ academic, behavioural, and psychological outcomes. Based on a systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and examining 86 studies conducted between 1990 and February 2023, the article addresses two research questions: (a) what are the predictors of the sense of school belonging at the individual, micro, meso, exo, macro, and chrono levels of the bioecological model of human development; (b) do these predictors differ based on students’ individual characteristics, and if so, how. The findings reveal individual factors as important predictors of school belonging and indicate the lack of studies that take into consideration the interplay of different (micro, meso, exo, macro, chrono) levels in addressing the sense of school belonging. Considering the complexity and multi-factorial nature of the sense of school belonging, it calls upon further research, which would support the development of evidence-based interventions for fostering school belonging among different groups of students, particularly those who are at risk of feeling alienated from school, and thus promote equity in education. Full article

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18 pages, 1370 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Parental Burnout—A Model of Risk Factors and Protective Resources Among Mothers of Children with/Without Special Needs

by Yifat Findling, Michal Itzhaki and Sivia Barnoy

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2883-2900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110189 - 11 Nov 2024

Abstract

Parents of children With Special Needs and Disabilities (W-SND) who require long-term healthcare are at high risk of Parental Burnout (PB). However, most studies have focused on PB among parents of children Without Special Needs (WO-SN). This study aimed to develop a new [...] Read more.

Parents of children With Special Needs and Disabilities (W-SND) who require long-term healthcare are at high risk of Parental Burnout (PB). However, most studies have focused on PB among parents of children Without Special Needs (WO-SN). This study aimed to develop a new model explaining PB of mothers of children W-SND/WO-SN. The main hypothesis was that the nexus of correlations between risk factors of PB (severity of child’s disability/challenge, perceived caregiver burden) and protective resources (social support, learned resourcefulness, deep emotion work) will explain the variance of PB of mothers of children W-SND and WO-SN. A questionnaire assessing PB, its risk factors, and protective resources was completed by 352 Israeli mothers of children W-SND (mean age 36.9) or WO-SN (mean age 32.3). The child’s disabilities were communicative, physical, intellectual and developmental. The main results are that mothers of children W-SND reported higher PB, higher caregiver burden, and a higher severity of disability. About 50% of PB variance was significantly explained by the nexus of correlations between selected risk and protective factors. Among all mothers, the more social support they received, the higher their learned-resourcefulness. However, learned resourcefulness mediates the correlation between caregiver burden and PB among mothers of children W-SND. Accordingly, it is important to increase awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the risk factors and symptoms of PB, and to develop workshops on protective resources in order to prevent PB and promote mothers’ well-being. Further research should be conducted among fathers and parents from diverse cultures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Parenting across the Lifespan: Perinatal Mental Health, Infant Feeding, and Child Development)

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18 pages, 2020 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Gender Issues in Computational Thinking Approach in Science and Mathematics Learning in Higher Education

by Alejandro De la Hoz Serrano, Lina Viviana Melo Niño, Andrés Álvarez Murillo, Miguel Ángel Martín Tardío, Florentina Cañada Cañada and Javier Cubero Juánez

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2865-2882; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110188 - 8 Nov 2024

Abstract

In the contemporary era, Computational Thinking has emerged as a crucial skill for individuals to possess in order to thrive in the 21st century. In this context, there is a need to develop a methodology for cultivating these skills within a science and [...] Read more.

In the contemporary era, Computational Thinking has emerged as a crucial skill for individuals to possess in order to thrive in the 21st century. In this context, there is a need to develop a methodology for cultivating these skills within a science and mathematics content education framework, particularly among pre-service teachers. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Educational Robotics on the development of Computational Thinking skills, with a particular focus on the role of gender, through a scientific and mathematical content teaching approach. A pre-experimental design with a quantitative approach was employed, and it was implemented with a total of 116 pre-service teachers, 38 males and 78 females. The results demonstrated a notable enhancement between the pre-test (8.11) and post-test (9.63) scores, emphasising specific concepts such as simple functions, while, and compound conditional. With respect to gender, statistically significant differences were identified prior to the intervention, but not following its implementation. The high level of Computational Thinking exhibited by both genders was comparable (53.85% in females and 55.26% in males) following the intervention. This indicates that the intervention is a promising approach for enhancing Computational Thinking proficiency, independent of gender and initial proficiency levels. The implementation of Educational Robotics in the teaching of science and mathematics enables the enhancement of Computational Thinking abilities among pre-service teachers, while reducing the observed gender disparity in this area of skill development. Full article

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15 pages, 568 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Teachers’ Attitudes Towards STEM Education: Exploring the Role of Their Readiness via a Structural Equation Model

by Theano Papagiannopoulou and Julie Vaiopoulou

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2850-2864; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110187 - 4 Nov 2024

Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been an intensified emphasis on STEM education to correspond with the goals of twenty-first century education. Educators play a vital role in executing a cohesive approach to interdisciplinary teaching and learning; hence, considerable focus has been directed [...] Read more.

Over the past decade, there has been an intensified emphasis on STEM education to correspond with the goals of twenty-first century education. Educators play a vital role in executing a cohesive approach to interdisciplinary teaching and learning; hence, considerable focus has been directed towards the elements influencing teachers’ attitudes. The study aimed to provide empirical evidence illustrating the significant influence of teachers’ readiness on predicting attitudes. This was achieved by developing a conceptual model that explores the factors affecting individuals’ attitudes towards teaching STEM courses. The emphasis was put on self-efficacy, commitment, cognitive readiness, emotional readiness, and teaching attitudes. A total of 494 Greek primary and secondary education teachers participated electronically in the survey, answering according to the TRi_STEM and TASET scales. The validity of the conceptual model was evaluated using a structural equation model (SEM). The results demonstrated a positive association among all six factors. More notably, general attitudes towards teaching impact positively, either directly or indirectly, the four readiness variables and, finally, teachers’ attitudes towards STEM education. The current study contributes to the existing body of the literature by identifying and analyzing critical attributes that substantially impact teachers’ attitudes towards teaching STEM courses. Full article

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15 pages, 1006 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Roles of Psychological Flexibility, Parenting Competence, and Asthma Management Self-Efficacy in the Functioning Outcomes of Parents of Children with Asthma Co-Occurring with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

by Yuen Yu Chong, Pui Tik Yau, Joycelyn Yee Man Kwan and Wai Tong Chien

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2835-2849; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110186 - 29 Oct 2024

Abstract

Asthma and ADHD represent prevalent pediatric conditions, with the former being a physical disorder and the latter being a neurodevelopmental disorder. This study examined the influence of parental psychological flexibility (PF)—the ability to adapt to evolving situational demands, shift perspectives, and balance competing [...] Read more.

Asthma and ADHD represent prevalent pediatric conditions, with the former being a physical disorder and the latter being a neurodevelopmental disorder. This study examined the influence of parental psychological flexibility (PF)—the ability to adapt to evolving situational demands, shift perspectives, and balance competing priorities—alongside parenting competence and asthma management self-efficacy on family functioning and parental psychological adjustment in families with children exhibiting concurrent asthma and ADHD symptoms. Baseline data were analyzed from 130 parents (mean age = 40.3 years, SD = 5.5; 88.9% mothers) of children diagnosed with both asthma and ADHD (mean age = 8.0 years, SD = 2.2; 74.6% boys), who were participating in a randomized controlled trial evaluating an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based parenting intervention. An adjusted structural equation model revealed that greater parental psychological inflexibility was significantly associated with poorer family functioning (β = −0.61, 95% CI [−0.74, −0.33], p < 0.001) and increased psychological maladjustment (β = 0.48, 95% CI [0.32, 0.63], p < 0.001), accounting for intercorrelations with parenting competence and parental asthma management self-efficacy. Additionally, parental psychological flexibility was found to mediate the relationship between parenting competence and both family functioning and psychological adjustment. These findings underscore the importance of targeting parental psychological inflexibility and enhancing parenting competence in interventions to improve family dynamics and parental mental health and thereby suggest a shift from the traditional focus on self-efficacy in symptom management for pediatric asthma and ADHD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity, Educational Inclusion, Emotional Intelligence, Coping, and Other Factors That Influence Psychological Health and Well-Being)

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16 pages, 574 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concepts of Mental Disorders Among Psychiatrists, Psychologists, and Theologians

by Žana Kralj and Goran Kardum

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(11), 2819-2834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14110185 - 25 Oct 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to compare the perspectives of psychiatrists, psychologists, and theologians on schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and antisocial personality disorder. A cross-sectional research design was utilized, involving a random sample selected from the official registries of these professionals. The findings [...] Read more.

The objective of this study was to compare the perspectives of psychiatrists, psychologists, and theologians on schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, and antisocial personality disorder. A cross-sectional research design was utilized, involving a random sample selected from the official registries of these professionals. The findings revealed significant differences in how these groups conceptualize mental disorders. The preferred concepts varied depending on the specific disorder. For instance, when it came to schizophrenia, psychiatrists showed a greater inclination towards the psychodynamic concept compared to psychologists, who leaned more towards the cognitive and social constructivist concepts. In the case of depression, psychiatrists favored biological, psychodynamic, and spiritual concepts, while psychologists tended to prefer the cognitive concept. Theologians consistently favored the spiritual concept across all four diagnoses, in comparison to both psychiatrists and psychologists. This research holds significant value for both theoretical understanding and practical applications, and future studies should consider incorporating qualitative, in-depth research to explore the complexities of these concepts related to mental disorders. Full article

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19 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessArticle

FOBism Unveiled: Quantifying Assimilative Racism within Asians in the United States

by Kenneth T. Wang, Seong-Hyeon Kim, Juliet K. Wang, Katelyn J. Wang, Helen H. Jun and Daniel D. Lee

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2800-2818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100184 - 16 Oct 2024

Abstract

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, [...] Read more.

FOB (fresh-off-the-boat) is a term used to refer to unassimilated immigrants or sojourners, which has created a divide within the Asian community. In this study, we coined the term FOBism, a form of internalized racism (or appropriated racial oppression) that intersects with assimilation, and we developed a measure of FOBism. We created a 14-item, 3-factor FOBism Scale and evaluated its psychometric properties among a sample of 296 Asians in the United States. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was utilized to select items and evaluate the factorial validity. Results yielded a strong factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. Construct validity was demonstrated through FOBism scores’ positive correlations with measures of within-group discrimination and internalized racism, and negative associations with an Asian cultural orientation. The FOBism Scale is a promising measure that could be used as an assessment tool and to raise awareness of the phenomenon. Full article

13 pages, 293 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mental Suffering of Cocaine-Addicted Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Personality Disorders’ Prevalence and Their Association with Psychopathological Symptoms

by Francesca Giordano, Sara Guidotti, Francesco Cassio Scategni, Domenico Cuzzola and Carlo Pruneti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2787-2799; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100183 - 14 Oct 2024

Abstract

(1) Background: The observational retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) and their association with psychopathological symptoms in a group of patients with cocaine addiction. (2) Methods: Ninety-five medical records of the Pathological Addictions Service of the National Health [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The observational retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) and their association with psychopathological symptoms in a group of patients with cocaine addiction. (2) Methods: Ninety-five medical records of the Pathological Addictions Service of the National Health Service of Lecce (Italy) were analyzed. PDs were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) and psychopathological symptoms were investigated through the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R). (3) Results: Ninety-two out of ninety-five patients met the criteria for at least one PD (96.8%), almost 35% had two Cluster B PDs, and over 25% had three Cluster B PDs. Nine out of ninety-five people met the criteria for all Cluster B PDs. Among the Cluster B PDs, it emerged that the most frequent diagnosis was that of narcissistic–borderline–antisocial (over 20% of the total sample). The analysis highlighted that mental suffering is prevalent in those with multiple comorbid Cluster B PDs. Specifically, depression and psychoticism exceed the clinical cut-off (T score > 63) in all patient groups. At the same time, anxiety and obsessions–compulsions are complained of only by those with more than two PDs as well as the level of general distress. Furthermore, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid ideation are significantly higher in the group of patients with more than three PDs. (4) Conclusions: Further studies should better investigate the relationship between the two aspects and describe the causal effects of PDs on psychopathological symptoms or, on the contrary, the effects of the substance on mental health and the worsening of personality alterations. Full article

15 pages, 1189 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Family in the Life Satisfaction of Young Adults: An Ecological-Systemic Perspective

by Paula Morales Almeida, Marta Brás, Cristina Nunes and Cátia Martins

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2772-2786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100182 - 9 Oct 2024

Abstract

The support provided by parents plays a relevant role in the life satisfaction (LS) of young people, as well as in their level of psychological distress (PD), which are among the important mediators of their well-being. Family structure has also been identified as [...] Read more.

The support provided by parents plays a relevant role in the life satisfaction (LS) of young people, as well as in their level of psychological distress (PD), which are among the important mediators of their well-being. Family structure has also been identified as a protective or risk factor. Hence, the present study provides a more complex analysis of young people’s LS, considering the type of family cohabitation (based on parental presence), the personal conditions of the young people (PS), and their perception of the context (social support; SP). A cross-sectional design was used, and 557 young people, with a mean age of 20.68 (SD = 2.23), 50.8% women, 60.7% students, participated. Their levels of psychological distress, perceived social support, life satisfaction, and parental cohabitation were assessed. A mediation and a moderated-mediation model were used. Young people living in a biparental family reveal higher levels of LS and lower levels of PS. A partial mediation was found in the effect of SP on the relation between PS and LS. The moderated-mediation model tested showed that the indirect effects on the paths PS–SP and SP–LS were not significant by the type of parental family cohabitation. Several implications regarding family structure on young people’s LS are discussed. Full article

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18 pages, 855 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Interculturality in the Development of Technology-Mediated Courses for Massive Health Education: A Systematic Review

by Priscila Sanara da Cunha, Ingridy Marina Pierre Barbalho, Felipe Ricardo dos Santos Fernandes, Manoel Honorio Romão, Janaina Luana Rodrigues da Silva Valentim, Karla Mônica Dantas Coutinho, Kaline Sampaio de Araújo, Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros Valentim, Aline de Pinho Dias, Natalia Araújo do Nascimento Batista, José Adailton da Silva, Heleni Aires Clemente, Maria de Fátima Pereira Alves and Karilany Dantas Coutinho

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2754-2771; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100181 - 8 Oct 2024

Abstract

Virtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an [...] Read more.

Virtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an educational strategy for many fields, including health. As they educate health professionals about a variety of practices, MOOCs play a crucial role in interculturality by enabling professionals to approach cultural diversity in work settings. This study provides a review of the literature investigating the element of interculturality in the production of healthcare-related MOOCs intended for a variety of audiences, including practicing healthcare professionals, healthcare professional trainees, and the general public. Based on a systematic review protocol, we searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2023 in Science Direct, PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus. Fifteen studies were selected for final analysis, which highlighted MOOC development, its underlying processes, and its importance in promoting health and social well-being. MOOCs have (1) provided new approaches to technology-mediated learning in distance health education, (2) aided training, (3) disseminated knowledge, and (4) promoted interculturality. Continuous collaboration and innovation in MOOC development are essential to ensure their effectiveness and relevance in the contemporary educational scenario. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Disparities: The Emerging Trends and Pressing Challenges)

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European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

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