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418 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,209 Views
21 Pages

In this paper, we present the generalized iterated function system for the construction of common fractals of generalized contractive mappings in the setup of dislocated metric spaces. The well-posedness of attractors’ problems of rational cont...

  • Article
  • Open Access
668 Views
24 Pages

In this study, we introduce an innovative proximity-based approach to fractals using a proximal iterated function system generated by a finite set of generalized proximal contractions (Prox-GC-IFS). Thus, as a novel method to create fractals, we pres...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fixed Point Methods for Fractional Differential and Integral Equations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
3,567 Views
17 Pages

14 October 2019

In this paper, we obtain multifractals (attractors) in the framework of Hausdorff b-metric spaces. Fractals and multifractals are defined to be the fixed points of associated fractal operators, which are known as attractors in the literature of fract...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impulsive Control Systems and Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,549 Views
18 Pages

Common Attractors of Generalized Hutchinson–Wardowski Contractive Operators

  • Bilal Iqbal,
  • Naeem Saleem,
  • Iram Iqbal and
  • Maggie Aphane

The aim of this paper is to obtain a fractal set of ℑ-iterated function systems comprising generalized ℑ-contractions. For a variety of Hutchinson–Wardowski contractive operators, we prove that this kind of system admits a unique co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fixed Point Theory and Fractals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,970 Views
21 Pages

Common Attractor for Hutchinson θ-Contractive Operators in Partial Metric Spaces

  • Naila Shabir,
  • Ali Raza,
  • Manuel De la Sen,
  • Mujahid Abbas and
  • Shahbaz Ahmad

This paper investigates the existence of common attractors for generalized θ-Hutchinson operators within the framework of partial metric spaces. Utilizing a finite iterated function system composed of θ-contractive mappings, we establish...

  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
13,325 Views
20 Pages

11 June 2019

In order to obtain the automatic simulation generation of traditional handmade batik patterns in a computer, this paper proposes the automatic generation method of batik flower patterns based on fractal geometry. Firstly, we analyze the fractal chara...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,447 Views
16 Pages

Note on Iterations of Nonlinear Rational Functions

  • Michal Fečkan,
  • Amira Khelifa,
  • Yacine Halim and
  • Ibraheem M. Alsulami

7 June 2025

This paper investigates a class of nonlinear rational difference equations with delayed terms, which often arise in various mathematical models. We analyze the iterative behavior of these rational functions and show how their iterations can be repres...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,572 Views
26 Pages

9 March 2026

This paper develops an extension of the research work by Proinov to the product spaces X|I| (I is representing an indexing set). This paper also introduces a novel class of (L;Y)-contractions defined on a supremum metric (X|I|,d′). In supremum...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,309 Views
16 Pages

23 June 2023

An iterated function system consists of a complete metric space (X,d) and a finite family of contractions f1,⋯,fn:X→X. A generalized iterated function system comprises a finite family of contractions defined on the Cartesian product Xm wit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Mathematical Analysis and Functional Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Views
21 Pages

This study develops a hybrid fractal–parametric modeling (HFPM) workflow integrating recursive affine iterated-function systems, finite-scale box-counting, fixed-thickness prism extrusion, and NSGA-II to explore trade-offs between geometric mat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Simulation and Applications of Fractal/Fractional Calculus to Engineering Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,157 Views
22 Pages

In this paper, we study the generalized F-iterated function system in G-metric space. Several results of common attractors of generalized iterated function systems obtained by using generalized F-Hutchinson operators are also established. We prove th...

(This article belongs to the Section General Mathematics, Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
4,180 Views
14 Pages

Iterated Functions Systems Composed of Generalized θ-Contractions

  • Pasupathi Rajan,
  • María A. Navascués and
  • Arya Kumar Bedabrata Chand

The theory of iterated function systems (IFSs) has been an active area of research on fractals and various types of self-similarity in nature. The basic theoretical work on IFSs has been proposed by Hutchinson. In this paper, we introduce a new gener...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractal Functions and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,581 Views
11 Pages

The Hausdorff–Pompeiu Distance in Gn-Menger Fractal Spaces

  • Donal O’Regan,
  • Reza Saadati,
  • Chenkuan Li and
  • Fahd Jarad

16 August 2022

This paper introduces a complete Gn-Menger space and defines the Hausdorff–Pompeiu distance in the space. Furthermore, we show a novel fixed-point theorem for Gn-Menger-θ-contractions in fractal spaces.

(This article belongs to the Section C1: Difference and Differential Equations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
205 Citations
17,968 Views
17 Pages

4 March 2016

The entropies of Shannon, Rényi and Kolmogorov are analyzed and compared together with their main properties. The entropy of some particular antennas with a pre-fractal shape, also called fractal antennas, is studied. In particular, their entropy is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wavelets, Fractals and Information Theory I)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
3,801 Views
13 Pages

Fractal Interpolation Using Harmonic Functions on the Koch Curve

  • Song-Il Ri,
  • Vasileios Drakopoulos and
  • Song-Min Nam

The Koch curve was first described by the Swedish mathematician Helge von Koch in 1904 as an example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable curve. Such functions are now characterised as fractal since their graphs are in general fractal sets. Fur...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractal Functions and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
902 Views
40 Pages

Iterated Relation Systems on Riemannian Manifolds

  • Jie Liu,
  • Sze-Man Ngai and
  • Lei Ouyang

For fractals on Riemannian manifolds, the theory of iterated function systems often does not apply well directly, as these fractal sets are often defined by relations that are multivalued or non-contractive. To overcome this difficulty, we introduce...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,903 Views
10 Pages

Multiple-Function Systems Based on Regular Subdivision

  • Baoxing Zhang,
  • Hongchan Zheng and
  • Yingwei Chen

Self-similar fractals can be generated using subdivision and the subdivision curves/surfaces are actually attractors. Such a connection has been studied between fractals and an extended family of subdivision including stationary and non-stationary sc...

(This article belongs to the Section General Mathematics, Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
194 Views
24 Pages

29 October 2026

Julia and Mandelbrot sets are fundamental objects in fractal geometry and complex dynamical systems. Their generation commonly relies on escape-time algorithms combined with iterative schemes. While previous studies have mainly considered generalized...

(This article belongs to the Topic Iterative Methods: Theory, Dynamics, Algorithms, and Fractal Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,468 Views
16 Pages

Mathematical Modeling of Fractals via Proximal F-Iterated Function Systems

  • Muhammad Zahid,
  • Fahim Ud Din,
  • Mudasir Younis,
  • Haroon Ahmad and
  • Mahpeyker Öztürk

19 December 2024

We propose a novel approach to fractals by leveraging the approximation of fixed points, emphasizing the deep connections between fractal theory and fixed-point theory. We include a condition of isomorphism, which not only generates traditional fract...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Theory and Applications of Nonlinear Analysis, Fractional Calculus and Optimization, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,007 Views
21 Pages

3 November 2023

A nonlinear equation f(x)=0 is mathematically transformed to a coupled system of quasi-linear equations in the two-dimensional space. Then, a linearized approximation renders a fractional iterative scheme xn+1=xn−f(xn)/[a+bf(xn)], which require...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,279 Views
14 Pages

An EKF-Based Fixed-Point Iterative Filter for Nonlinear Systems

  • Xiaoliang Feng,
  • Yuxin Feng and
  • Chenglin Wen

21 April 2019

In this paper, a fixed-point iterative filter developed from the classical extended Kalman filter (EKF) was proposed for general nonlinear systems. As a nonlinear filter developed from EKF, the state estimate was obtained by applying the Kalman filte...

(This article belongs to the Collection Multi-Sensor Information Fusion)
  • Article
  • Open Access
328 Views
15 Pages

Some Fixed Point Results for Fractals of Interpolative Ćirić–Reich–Rus Mappings in b-Metric Spaces

  • Loitongbam Melei Singh,
  • Yumnam Rohen,
  • Thangjam Bimol,
  • Naeem Saleem and
  • Mahpeyker Öztürk

In this paper, we introduce the concept of a (λσ,ϖ1σ,ϖ2σ)-interpolative Ćirić–Reich–Rus contraction iterated function system and an iterated multivalued system using interpolative Ćirić...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fixed Point Methods for Fractional Differential and Integral Equations)
  • Article
  • Open Access
585 Views
21 Pages

The development of fractal set theory has been strongly driven by the introduction of new classes of fractal sets, among which the attractors of iterated function systems (IFSs) play a central role. In this work, we study a generalization of the clas...

(This article belongs to the Section General Mathematics, Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,066 Views
17 Pages

Fractional-order differential equations are powerful tools for the representation of dynamic systems that exhibit long-term memory effects. The verified simulation of such system models with the help of interval tools allows for the computation of gu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractional-Order System: Control Theory and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,929 Views
10 Pages

This paper explores the generalization of the fixed-point theorem for Fisher contraction on controlled metric space. The controlled metric space and Fisher contractions are playing a very crucial role in this research. The Fisher contraction on the c...

(This article belongs to the Section General Mathematics, Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,687 Views
15 Pages

Analysis of Shielded Harmonic and Biharmonic Systems by the Iterative Extension Method

  • Andrey Ushakov,
  • Sergei Aliukov,
  • Evgeny Meltsaykin and
  • Maksim Eremchuk

20 March 2024

To describe stationary physical systems, well-known boundary problems for shielded Poisson and Sophie Germain equations are used. The obtained shielded harmonic and biharmonic systems are approximated using the finite element method and fictitiously...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,171 Views
14 Pages

Generalized High-Order Classes for Solving Nonlinear Systems and Their Applications

  • Francisco I. Chicharro,
  • Alicia Cordero,
  • Neus Garrido and
  • Juan R. Torregrosa

5 December 2019

A generalized high-order class for approximating the solution of nonlinear systems of equations is introduced. First, from a fourth-order iterative family for solving nonlinear equations, we propose an extension to nonlinear systems of equations hold...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multipoint Methods for the Solution of Nonlinear Equations)
  • Article
  • Open Access

Newton’s iteration is a fundamental tool for root-finding and numerical solutions of systems of equations. The iteration rapidly refines the initial approximation to the exact root, and in general, the convergence is quadratic. Since the method...

(This article belongs to the Section Computational and Numerical Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
5,344 Views
17 Pages

12 January 2018

In this paper we consider the metric entropies of the maps of an iterated function system deduced from a black hole which are known the Bekenstein–Hawking entropies and its subleading corrections. More precisely, we consider the recent model of a Boh...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropic Aspects Arising from Geometric Descriptions of Physical Phenomena)
  • Article
  • Open Access
851 Views
12 Pages

30 January 2026

We are interested in modelling smaller datasets to generate more accurate, sub-regional or regional climate forecasts. The focus of this paper is to present the findings of a study investigating the application of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) t...

(This article belongs to the Section Climate Dynamics and Modelling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
5,383 Views
25 Pages

An Efficient Conjugate Gradient Method for Convex Constrained Monotone Nonlinear Equations with Applications

  • Auwal Bala Abubakar,
  • Poom Kumam,
  • Hassan Mohammad and
  • Aliyu Muhammed Awwal

21 August 2019

This research paper proposes a derivative-free method for solving systems of nonlinear equations with closed and convex constraints, where the functions under consideration are continuous and monotone. Given an initial iterate, the process first gene...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Equations and Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
106 Views
27 Pages

20 October 2026

In this paper, an efficient iterative method based on the generalized multiscale finite element (Iter-GMs) method is applied to solve the distributed optimal control problems governed by stochastic parabolic equations. Within this framework, we first...

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematical Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,111 Views
15 Pages

On Some Improved Harmonic Mean Newton-Like Methods for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations

  • Diyashvir Kreetee Rajiv Babajee,
  • Kalyanasundaram Madhu and
  • Jayakumar Jayaraman

9 October 2015

In this work, we have developed a fourth order Newton-like method based on harmonic mean and its multi-step version for solving system of nonlinear equations. The new fourth order method requires evaluation of one function and two first order Fréchet...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Algorithms for Solving Nonlinear Equations and Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
1,625 Views
16 Pages

In the traditional iterative learning control (ILC) method, the operational time interval is conventionally fixed to facilitate a seamless learning process along the iteration axis. However, this condition may frequently be contravened in real-time a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,765 Views
14 Pages

18 October 2020

In this article, firstly, an overview of affine fractal interpolation functions using a suitable iterated function system is presented and, secondly, the construction of Bernstein affine fractal interpolation functions in two and three dimensions is...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractional Calculus, Wavelets and Fractals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
484 Views
17 Pages

A Subspace Derivative-Free Conjugate Gradient Method for Solving Nonlinear Monotone Equations with Convex Constraints

  • Zongxu Li,
  • Zhuo Fang,
  • Mingyuan Cao,
  • Yueting Yang and ,
  • Ruobing Mei and
  • Siqi Liu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

9 May 2026

We propose a novel subspace derivative-free conjugate gradient method for solving large-scale nonlinear monotone equations with convex constraints. At each iteration, the search direction is constructed by minimizing a quadratic model within a subspa...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Mathematical Modeling and Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,265 Views
22 Pages

A New Family of Methods for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations

  • Đorđe Herceg,
  • Dejana Herceg,
  • Péter Odry and
  • Vladimir Tadić

11 December 2025

A new family of iterative methods for solving systems of nonlinear equations is introduced, extending and unifying several existing approaches within a general framework. In the single-variable case, Newton’s method was accelerated using Pad&ea...

(This article belongs to the Section E: Applied Mathematics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,029 Views
20 Pages

Deep Learning-Based Method for Operation Dispatch Strategy Generation of Virtual Power Plants

  • Jie Li,
  • Wenteng Liang,
  • Yuheng Liu,
  • Nan Zhou and ,
  • Tao Qian and
  • Qinran Hu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 July 2025

Centralized and distributed optimization methods used by traditional virtual power plants (VPPs) in power system dispatching face issues such as high computational complexity, difficulties in privacy protection, and slow iterative convergence. There...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
510 Views
16 Pages

This paper presents a meshless collocation technique for the fourth-order transient stream function formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The technique employs a hybrid kernel function and is augmented by the ghost point method and Picard...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Meshless Methods and Their Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
2,429 Views
15 Pages

21 April 2024

Aiming to address the defects of the arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA), such as easy fall into local optimums and slow convergence speed during the search process, an improved arithmetic optimization algorithm (IAOA) is proposed and applied to...

(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,770 Views
3 Pages

Special Issue on “Breeding Blanket: Design, Technology and Performance”

  • Bradut-Eugen Ghidersa and
  • Lorenzo Virgilio Boccaccini

13 October 2022

A prerequisite for establishing fusion power as one of the sources for low-carbon electricity generation is the demonstration of the capability of future fusion power plants in achieving tritium self-sufficiency and its capability of efficiently prod...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breeding Blanket: Design, Technology and Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
2,530 Views
21 Pages

A General Class of Differential Hemivariational Inequalities Systems in Reflexive Banach Spaces

  • Lu-Chuan Ceng,
  • Ching-Feng Wen,
  • Yeong-Cheng Liou and
  • Jen-Chih Yao

9 December 2021

We consider an abstract system consisting of the parabolic-type system of hemivariational inequalities (SHVI) along with the nonlinear system of evolution equations in the frame of the evolution triple of product spaces, which is called a system of d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Functional Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,080 Views
10 Pages

On the Continuity of the Hutchinson Operator

  • Michael F. Barnsley and
  • Krzysztof Leśniak

15 October 2015

We investigate when the Hutchinson operator associated with an iterated function system is continuous. The continuity with respect to both the Hausdorff metric and Vietoris topology is carefully considered. An example showing that the Hutchinson oper...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,030 Views
34 Pages

27 March 2022

Formal methods are crucial in program specification and verification. Instead of building cases to test functionalities, formal methods specify functionalities as properties and mathematically prove them. Nevertheless, the applicability of formal met...

(This article belongs to the Section Computing and Artificial Intelligence)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,716 Views
9 Pages

20 October 2023

The role played by explicit formulas for solving boundary value problems for elliptic equations and systems is well known. In this paper, explicit formulas for a general solution of the Dirichlet problem for second-order elliptic systems in the unit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractional Calculus and Mathematical Applications, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,186 Views
17 Pages

New Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Problems with One and Several Unknowns

  • Ramandeep Behl,
  • Alicia Cordero,
  • Juan R. Torregrosa and
  • Ali Saleh Alshomrani

1 December 2018

In this manuscript, a new type of study regarding the iterative methods for solving nonlinear models is presented. The goal of this work is to design a new fourth-order optimal family of two-step iterative schemes, with the flexibility through weight...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Methods in Analysis and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
32 Citations
5,394 Views
21 Pages

Fractals as Julia and Mandelbrot Sets of Complex Cosine Functions via Fixed Point Iterations

  • Anita Tomar,
  • Vipul Kumar,
  • Udhamvir Singh Rana and
  • Mohammad Sajid

10 February 2023

In this manuscript, we explore stunning fractals as Julia and Mandelbrot sets of complexvalued cosine functions by establishing the escape radii via a four-step iteration scheme extended with s-convexity. We furnish some illustrations to determine th...

(This article belongs to the Section B: Mathematics)
  • Feature Paper
  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,463 Views
23 Pages

Asynchronous iterations have long been used in distributed computing algorithms to produce calculation methods that are potentially faster than a serial or parallel approach, but whose convergence is more difficult to demonstrate. Conversely, over th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
546 Views
17 Pages

An Element-Based Iterative Intent Understanding Method for Complex Product Conceptual Design

  • Zeyuan Yu,
  • Hao Wan,
  • Guozhong Fu,
  • Bo Yang and ,
  • Yuhan Liu and
  • Ying Luo
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Product design constitutes an iterative process centered on user requirements. In this process, user requirements are collected, interpreted by designers and transformed into design objectives, which are then refined through solution generation and e...

(This article belongs to the Section Human-Computer Interaction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
4,218 Views
9 Pages

The geomagnetic matching aided positioning system based on Iterative Closest Contour Point (ICCP) algorithm can suppress the accumulation error of the inertial navigation system and achieve the accurate positioning of the vehicle. Aiming at the probl...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Intelligent Transportation Systems)

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