The lower flammability limit (LFL) is one of the most important parameters for evaluating the fire and explosion hazards of flammable gases or vapors. This study proposed quantitative structure−property relationship (QSPR) models to predict the LFL o...
The current work is devoted to studying combustion initiation inside the methane-oxygen torch igniter for a hybrid rocket motor. The ignition system can generate a wide range of power and oxidizer-to-fuel ratios. It has a self-cooled vortex combustio...
The use of hydrogen as an energy vector seems today one of the most viable alternatives, although its use involves safety problems due to the generation of explosive atmospheres. Lower and upper flammability limits are one of the most important param...
Batteries are widely used in energy storage systems (ESS), and thermal runaway in different types of batteries presents varying safety risks. Therefore, comparative research on the thermal runaway behaviors of various batteries is essential. This stu...
This study presents a novel experimental method to determine the flammability limits and the minimum oxygen concentration in methane–hydrogen mixtures using the spark test apparatus (STA), by incorporating CO2 as an inert compound. The proposed...
The flammability of various materials used in industry is an important issue in the modern world. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of flame retardants, graphene and DDM-DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-4,4&prime...
This study investigates the kinetic modeling of CH4/H2/Air mixture with nanosecond pulse discharge (NSPD) by varying H2/CH4 ratios from 0 to 20% at ambient pressure and temperature. A validated version of the plasma and chemical kinetic mechanisms wa...
When the concentration of a gas is below its lower flammable limit and the content of a liquid is below its minimum explosible concentration, their combined fuel mixture can be ignitable. The flammability characteristics and inhibition strategies for...
Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) occupy an important position in the national economy and military fields, and have attracted great attention from a large number of scholars. As an important part of the micro-electromechanical system, the micr...
Lithium batteries are widely used in fields such as engineering micro-machines, robotics, and transportation. However, safety issues caused by battery thermal runaway limit their further promotion. This study used a sealed heating pressure chamber (S...
The manner in which an ultra-lean hydrogen flame stabilizes and blows off is crucial for the understanding and design of safe and efficient combustion devices. In this study, we use experiments and numerical simulations for pure H2-air flames stabili...
Development of the combustion process in the gaseous mixtures of near-limit composition is of great interest for fundamental aspects of combustion theory and fire-safety applications. The dynamics of ultra-lean gaseous flames in near-limit mixtures i...
Innovative approaches for preparing flame retardant cotton fabrics were employed by utilizing a microwave-assisted technique with a minimum amount of co-solvent. Our attempts at flame retardant cotton fabrics treated with low cost inorganic formulati...
Hydrogen, stored as a liquid at cryogenic temperatures to enhance transport efficiency, is susceptible to boiling due to thermal fluctuations, underscoring the importance of investigating thermal insulation for liquid hydrogen piping. Evaluating thei...
With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) energy storage stations in high-altitude areas, the impact of ambient pressure on battery thermal runaway (TR) behavior and venting flow characteristics have aroused wide research attent...
During thermal runaway (TR), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) produce a large amount of gas, which can cause unimaginable disasters in electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage systems when the batteries fail and subsequently combust or explod...
This study numerically investigates the critical fuel concentration and flammable regions of methane–air and methane oxy-fuel counterflow diffusion flames. The goal is to determine the effects of strain rate, oxidizer composition, and radiative...
The impact of premixed n-butanol mixture on the heat release rate was investigated based on a modified light-duty diesel engine. The results show that reactivity stratification is formed in the cylinder through n-butanol port fuel injection (PFI) and...
This paper presents a novel numerical approach for assessing the turbulent limits of hydrogen combustion. In the framework of this approach, the premixed combustion is studied numerically in the externally generated turbulent field with defined param...
This work demonstrates the introduction of various α-aminophosphonate compounds to an epoxy resin system, thereby improving flame retardance properties. The α-aminophosphonate scaffold allows for covalent incorporation (via the secondary amine) of th...
Consistent and proper use of respiratory protective devices (RPD) is one of the essential actions that can be taken to reduce the risk of exposure to airborne hazards, i.e., biological and nonbiological aerosols, vapours, and gases. Proper fit of the...
International ships carrying liquefied fuel are strongly recommended to install vent masts to control the pressure of cargo tanks in the event of an emergency. However, the gas emitted from a vent mast may be hazardous for the crew of the ship. In th...
Ammonia combustion is a promising energy source as a carbon free fuel without greenhouse gas emissions. However, since the auto-ignition temperature is 651 degrees Celsius and the range of flammability limit is not wide compared to other fuels, funda...
Many countries consider hydrogen as a promising energy source to resolve the energy challenges over the global climate change. However, the potential of hydrogen explosions remains a technical issue to embrace hydrogen as an alternate solution since...
Due to the high saturated vapor pressure of low-boiling-point flammable liquids, it is difficult to make fire extinguishers for storage tanks containing them. Air foam extinguishing technology has been recommended by several standards. However, the e...
Liquid hydrogen storage is an important way of hydrogen storage and transportation, which greatly improves the storage and transportation efficiency due to the high energy density but at the same time brings new safety hazards. In this study, the liq...
Unsaturated polyester (UP) resin is widely utilized in the construction and automotive industries. The flammable nature of UP must be constrained when its products are manufactured. A novel organic flame retardant has been synthesized from 9,10-dihyd...
Firebrands are the primary source of ignition for large wildfires and urban wildfires (WUIs). China is a country with a high incidence of forest fires, and there are great differences in the terrain, climate, and other natural conditions in different...
Polystyrene (PS) is a widely used building insulation material with good mechanical strength and strong temperature adaptability. However, PS itself is highly flammable and displays poor flame retardancy. At present, building fires caused by organic...
The high flammability of plastics, polymer composites, textiles, and foams represents a severe and stringent issue that significantly limits their use in all those sectors, where resistance to a flame or an irradiative heat flux is mandatory [...]
The interest in natural fibres and biopolymers for developing bio-composites has greatly increased in recent years, motivated by the need to reduce the environmental impact of traditional synthetic, fossil fuel-derived materials. However, several lim...
The growing demand for viscoelastic polyurethane foams creates a need for new sustainable raw materials that support cost-effective production while maintaining the desired material performance and fire safety standards. In this regard, our study aim...
Fish scales (FSs) are fishery wastes that can cause environmental pollution. This study aimed to solve this environmental problem. FSs were used as a flame retardant for polymer materials, making them valuable. Fish scales were combined with a commer...
Flammability testing of undergarments is a topic that is often overlooked and rarely on the list of textiles to be tested for fire safety. However, it is particularly important for professionals exposed to fire risk to investigate the flammability of...
Some alternative refrigerants with excellent environmental performance often have different flammable limits. When refrigerant leaks, the external space may have a certain explosion risk if the refrigerant is not diffused timely. To understand the le...
Inadequate fire resistance of polymers raises questions about their advanced applications. Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams have myriad applications but inherently suffer from very high flammability. Because of the dependency of the ultimate properti...
21 October 2021
During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory probl...
A novel flame-retardant composite material based on zinc alginate (ZnAlg) and nano-cuprous oxide (Cu2O) was prepared through a simple, eco-friendly freeze-drying process and a sol-gel method. The composites were characterized and their combustion and...
The influence of non-halogenated additive flame retardants, expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP)—as well as a reactive phosphorus-containing polyol, on the flammability, thermal stability, physico-mechanical performance, an...
Semiconductor manufacturing is performed through unit processes that use various chemicals and facilities. In particular, flammable gases, such as H2, NH3, and CH4, are used, and there is a risk of explosion when such gases leak. In this study, compu...
Increasing production rates of the biomethane lead to increased generation of waste biogases. These gases should be utilized on-site to avoid pollutant emissions to the atmosphere. This study presents a flexible swirl burner (~100 kW) with an adiabat...
The worldwide population growth and its increasing affluence have led to an increase in global building energy consumption. Therefore, developing sustainable energy storage materials to mitigate this problem has become a high priority for many resear...
With the lightest green structural material for 21st century, a significant weight reduction effect was expected to solve the lightweight problem in aerospace and other fields. However, the material’s poor mechanical properties and flammability...
Animal protein-based fibers used in textiles often are assumed to have uniform properties independent of source, and yet are different when considering texture, structure, and color. Differences between fibers from animal species have been studied in...
Polymers and their processing by engineering production technologies (injection, molding or additive manufacturing) are increasingly being used. Polymers used in engineering production technologies are constantly being developed and their properties...
Changes to the frequency of fire due to management decisions and climate change have the potential to affect the flammability of vegetation, with long-term effects on the vegetation structure and composition. Frequent fire in some vegetation types ca...
The flammable hydrogen-blended methane–air and natural gas–air mixtures raise specific safety and environmental issues in the industry and transportation; therefore, their explosion characteristics such as the explosion limits, explosion pressures, a...
This paper is directed towards the development of safe, and thermally stable solid polymer electrolytes. Linear phosphorus-containing (co)polyesters are described, including their synthesis, thermal analysis, conductivity, and non-flammability. Polyc...
Coal mining is still an important part of the global energy complex. Despite the active development of technologies and modern equipment, coal mining remains one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. The main danger is associated with a large numb...
In this study, we systematically investigated the characteristic parameter evolution laws of thermal runaway with respect to 18,650 lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under thermal abuse conditions at five state-of-charge (SOC) levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, a...
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