Next Article in Journal
The Effect of Bioalcohol Additives on Biofuel Diesel Engines
Previous Article in Journal
Experimental Investigation of the Spread and Burning Behaviors of Diesel Spill Fires on a Water Surface
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Fire
Volume 7
Issue 11
10.3390/fire7110403
fire-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus

by
Isabel Amez
1,2,*,
Roberto Paredes
1,
David León
1,2,
David Bolonio
1,2,
Dimitrios Pantelakis
1,2 and
Blanca Castells
1,2
1
Escuela Técnica Superiror de Ingenieros de Minas y Energía, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28003 Madrid, Spain
2
TECMINERGY-Laboratorio Oficial J.M. Madariaga (LOM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28906 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fire 2024, 7(11), 403; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110403
Submission received: 25 September 2024 / Revised: 28 October 2024 / Accepted: 28 October 2024 / Published: 2 November 2024
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study presents a novel experimental method to determine the flammability limits and the minimum oxygen concentration in methane–hydrogen mixtures using the spark test apparatus (STA), by incorporating CO2 as an inert compound. The proposed methodology allows for the more accurate and efficient assessment of the safety of these flammable mixtures, which is crucial for industrial applications where hydrogen-enriched fuels are used. When comparing the literature data, the differences between methods are not significant, although the procedure, apparatus, and test conditions influence the results. Then, the proposed method is experimentally validated in the STA. Methane is enriched with hydrogen at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, and 50%). The results in the STA show good alignment with the literature data. Furthermore, literature data analysis allows for the generation of an empirical curve that shows the influence of hydrogen addition in methane–air mixtures. The theoretical flammability intervals are also presented as a result. Such representations, after method validation, are the base of the flammability interval test in the STA. The capability of the STA to define flammability ranges in ternary diagrams provides an innovative graphical approach to control explosive atmospheres and facilitates its application in the prevention of industrial accidents.
Keywords: hazards; prevention; inertization; industrial explosions; methane; hydrogen hazards; prevention; inertization; industrial explosions; methane; hydrogen

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Amez, I.; Paredes, R.; León, D.; Bolonio, D.; Pantelakis, D.; Castells, B. New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus. Fire 2024, 7, 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110403

AMA Style

Amez I, Paredes R, León D, Bolonio D, Pantelakis D, Castells B. New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus. Fire. 2024; 7(11):403. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110403

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amez, Isabel, Roberto Paredes, David León, David Bolonio, Dimitrios Pantelakis, and Blanca Castells. 2024. "New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus" Fire 7, no. 11: 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110403

APA Style

Amez, I., Paredes, R., León, D., Bolonio, D., Pantelakis, D., & Castells, B. (2024). New Experimental Approaches for the Determination of Flammability Limits in Methane–Hydrogen Mixtures with CO2 Inertization Using the Spark Test Apparatus. Fire, 7(11), 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7110403

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop