13 March 2023
To quantitatively evaluate the effects on water quality improvement caused by reducing external loadings entering Lake Erhai through inflow rivers, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic and ecological model (DYRESM–CAEDYM) was set up to simulate the w...
The intense footwork required in flamenco dance may result in pain and injury. This study aimed to quantify the external load of the flamenco Zapateado-3 (Zap-3) footwork via triaxial accelerometry in the form of PlayerLoad (PL), comparing the differ...
Objectives: Local positioning systems (LPSs) used in indoor team sports generate a large number of external load variables, often exceeding practical monitoring capacity. The redundancy and overlap among these variables make it difficult to identify...
Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is a compensation device that can effectively improve power quality, and it is widely used to compensate the voltage sag on sensitive loads. However, DVR will affect the operation of the sensitive loads in parallel at t...
The increased risk of cardiovascular disease in people with spinal cord injuries motivates work to identify exercise options that improve health outcomes without causing risk of musculoskeletal injury. Handcycling is an exercise mode that may be bene...
Successful management of lake ecosystems used for recreation requires firstly an identification of nutrient sources. It is necessary to identify the factors causing the deterioration of water quality and to plan measures for their mitigation. Analyse...
8 January 2020
This study aimed to identify the effects of continuous and fractionated game formats on internal and external load in small-sided games in soccer. Twenty male professional soccer players participated in the study performing the same exercise (5 vs. 5...
Assessment of the physical dimension implicit in the soccer match is crucial for the improvement and individualization of training load management. This study aims to: (a) describe the external match load at the amateur level, (b) analyze the differe...
In padel, an emerging racket sport, evidence regarding competition demands in adolescent players remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze absolute external load during official competition in male and female U18 padel players. A total...
This study investigates the coupled quasi-static response and stable-state switching behavior of mechanically prestressed rhombic bistable composite laminates under internal pneumatic pressurization and external mechanical loading. A rhombic bistable...
A study was carried out in the Kartuzy lake complex, which has been a receiver of raw domestic sewage since the 1950s. In 2018, the city’s sewage system of Kartuzy was modernized. An analysis of the water quality prior to the modernization of the sew...
There are many rivers flowing from complex paths into Lake Dianchi. At present, there is a lack of inflow and water quality monitoring data for some rivers, resulting in limited accuracy of statistical results regarding water volume and external load...
(1) Objective: External fixation systems are commonly used by surgeons to ensure stabilization and consolidation of bone fractures, especially in patients who are at high risk for systematic complications. Both rigid and elastic external fixations ar...
The purpose of this study was to compare the internal and external load in continuous and intermittent small-sided games (SSG) formats. Eight semi-professional soccer players participated in the study, and they completed three protocols: (a) I-interm...
23 August 2019
The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to describe the training/match ratios of different external load measures during a full professional soccer season while analyzing the variations between different types of weeks (three, four and five training...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the internal load of amateur soccer players during official championship matches when playing with the 1-4-3-3 formation. Additionally, the possible relationship between internal load variables and externa...
28 November 2022
The objective of this study was to compare the external load of training sessions using as a reference an official competition match in women’s football in order to find if the training sessions replicate the competition demands. Twenty-two sem...
Limited evidence exists on how segmental external load is distributed during linear running and how it varies with speed, training intensity, and individual differences. This study examines the external load profile across six body segments in elite...
The use of ergogenic aids, particularly polyphenols such as 2S-hesperidin, has gained attention due to their potential to enhance exercise performance, although evidence in team sports and female athletes remains limited. This study aimed to investig...
The aim of the present study was to examine the potential effects of circadian rhythmicity on specific external load metrics in professional male soccer players. Twenty players, members of a Greek Super League team, participated in the study. Data we...
Personalization of workloads is essential for optimizing training processes and minimizing the risk of injuries in sports. Precise knowledge of the external load demands borne by basketball players during competition is necessary for this purpose. Th...
The menstrual cycle can be seen as a potential determinant of performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of the menstrual cycle in women on sports performance, more specifically on the internal and external load of professional women baske...
The aim of this study was to apply a training plan to four different-length microcycles (MIC) in soccer and analyze (a) the load within the training weeks and (b) the short-term effect on the matches that were played at the end of each microcycle. An...
Monitoring performance in football often combines physical testing and GPS-derived external-load measures, although their relationships remain unclear. This study examined the relationships between physical-test outcomes and GPS-derived external-load...
Steel-reinforced grout (SRG) systems are effective methods for the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. In this study, the effect of a limited number of repeated loads on the structural response and debonding evolution of strengt...
This article studies the cavitation performance and preventing method of the hydromechanical pressure compensation independent metering system (HPCIMS). Compared with the conventional load sensing system (CLSS), the meter-in and meter-out orifices of...
Small-sided games (SSGs) are a motivational strategy and effective training method to develop skills and physical fitness at optimal intensity. This study investigates the influence of variability in the number of players on the physiological respons...
Background: Monitoring external load in team sports is essential for performance optimization, injury prevention, and individualized training prescription. Although Local Positioning Systems (LPS) are widely used for indoor athlete tracking, they req...
In order to evaluate the reliability of cracked cylindrical shell effectively and reasonably, study the load capacity of cracked structures and understand the failure modes of cracked structures, in this paper the finite element method is adopted for...
Objectives: This study aimed to: (1) compare the absolute and relative external load during the warm-up of starting and substitute professional football players; (2) describe the subsequent running performance during the first 15 min of match play; a...
The aim of the current study was to examine whether weekly dynamic stress load (DSL) volume could be associated with competition internal and external load outcomes in professional soccer players. Weekly DSL volume was recorded across standardized on...
In order to improve the load state of the two-tooth difference swing-rod movable teeth transmission system, in this paper, a dynamic equivalent calculation model of the transmission system is established based on lumped parameter theory, and then a c...
The purpose of this study was to (a) correlate the weekly external training load with the game running performance in season microcycles and (b) specify the optimal training/game ratio of the weekly external load in elite youth soccer players. The to...
The aim of this study was to describe weekly acute workload (wAW), chronic workload (wCW), acute: chronic workload ratio (wACWR), training monotony (wTM), and training strain (wTS) variations over a full season across playing positions. Twenty-one pr...
Dynamic behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures can be assessed using a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) approach. Such a method is highly dependent on the resistance curve of the structure which is generally represented by a bilinear elasto-...
Renovation, restoration, remodeling, refurbishment, and the retrofitting of buildings often imply applying forces (i.e., concentrated loads) to beams that before were subjected to distributed loads only. In the case of reinforced concrete structures,...
Background: The excessive and rapid increases in training load (TL) may be responsible for most non-contact injuries in soccer. This study’s aims were to describe, week(w)-by-week, the acute (AW), chronic (CW), acute:chronic workload ratio (wAC...
This study examined acute pre- to post-match changes in perceived mental fatigue, subjective workload, and psychomotor performance in professional male soccer players, and whether cognitive changes were associated with GPS-derived external-load metri...
External (EL) and internal (IL) load are commonly used methods used to quantify training load in team sports. Playing time and playing position may influence the training loads for specific athletes throughout a season. The purpose of the current stu...
The use of micro-contacts has been demonstrated in various radio frequency (RF) applications. However, the premature failure of such devices under alternating current (AC) operations is still a hurdle to further development. In this work, modified gr...
To understand the oxidation behaviors of the NiCrAlY bond coats in the thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) under external loads, uniaxial tensile and compressive experiments of the TBCs in air at 900 °C for 100 h were investigated. Then, the experime...
27 December 2022
The teacher’s didactic intervention also requires knowledge and control of learning tasks’ workloads. The objectives of the study were as follows: (i) to quantify the subjective external load-eTL of tasks framed in didactic units designed...
The study and application of the critical power (CP) concept has spanned many decades. The CP test provides estimates of two distinct parameters, CP and W′, that describe aerobic and anaerobic metabolic capacities, respectively. Various mathema...
The aim of this study was threefold: (i) to analyze the influence of previous match outcome on subsequent weekly training load (TL); (ii) to examine whether accumulated weekly TL varies throughout the season; and (iii) to investigate the influence of...
The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the differences between the players’ internal (IL) and external load (EL) in different time zones (T1: 0–45 min, T2: 45–70 min, T3: 0–70 min, T4: 70–90 min, T5: 45&ndash...
Three-team rotation small-sided games (SSG) combine possession-based training with an embedded passive-recovery role, yet how the rule that governs attacking transitions interacts with pitch size in this format is unclear. This study used a repeated-...
Composite materials are increasingly utilized in engineering due to their superior properties such as strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, accurately predicting the buckling pressure of composite cylindrical shells under external...
8 March 2021
In soccer, the assessment of the load imposed by training and a match is recognized as a fundamental task at any competitive level. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on internal and external load monitoring during traini...
Lake Xingyun is a hypertrophic shallow lake on the Yunnan Plateau of China. Its water quality (WQ) has degraded severely during the past three decades with catchment development. To better understand the external nutrient loading impacts on WQ, we me...
In the long-term performance development of rhythmic gymnasts aged 16–17, athletes enter a high-performance training phase, marked by increased training loads and preparation for international competitions. This study aimed to (1) provide an ov...
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