3,917 Results Found

Many wearable interfaces have been proposed to present force to the upper limb and elbow joint. One way to achieve a compact wearable haptic interface is to use electrical stimulation, and we have suggested that transcutaneous electrical stimulation...

Considering that Einstein’s relation between the diffusion coefficient and the drift mobility of free randomly moving charge carriers in homogeneous materials including metals is always valid, it is shown that the effective electric force actin...

A haptic interface based on electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) has huge potential in terms of usability and applicability compared with conventional haptic interfaces. This study analyzed the force response characteristics of forearm extensor muscle...

Objective: To predict the punching force in Wushu Sanda following neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) using the KAN neural network combined with neuromuscular electricity. Methods: Thirty healthy Wushu Sanda athletes underwent a randomized re...

By-pass switches play a crucial role in high-power electrical equipment, where reliable mechanical insertion and stable electrical contact are essential for safety and performance. However, few computational models have been developed to characterize...

The intrinsic electrical conductivity of graphene is one of the key factors affecting the electrical conductance of its assemblies, such as papers, films, powders, and composites. Here, the local electrical conductivity of the individual graphene fla...

Stroke is a worldwide disease with a high incidence rate. After surviving a stroke, most patients are left with impaired upper or lower limb. Muscle force training is vital for stroke patients to recover limb function and improve their quality of lif...

One of the most advanced and versatile nanoscale diagnostic tools is atomic force microscopy. By enabling advanced imaging techniques, it allows us to determine various assets of a surface, including morphological, electrical, mechanical, magnetic, a...

Aim: This study investigated the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on masseter muscle thickness and maximal bite force among healthy community-dwelling elderly persons older than 65 years. Materials and methods: A total of 40 part...

This study is aimed at investigating the effects of synchronized neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and chewing exercises on bite force and the masseter muscle thickness in community-dwelling older adults. Material and methods: Forty older a...

Electric wheel-drive actuators offer rapid and precise torque regulation, yet translating motor torque into commanded ground traction force remains challenging under deformable terrain interactions and wheel-slip constraints. This study proposes an o...

Objectives: Grip force during hand tool operation is the primary contributor to tendon strain and related wrist injuries, whereas push force is a contributor to shoulder injuries. However, both cannot be directly measured using a single measurement i...

The low mechanical efficiency of metal belt’s continuously variable transmission (CVT) limits its application in new energy vehicles. To further improve CVT efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of electric vehicles (EVs) with CVT, this...

Reduced service life of components, units, and assemblies operating under extreme conditions, characterized by high cyclically varying stresses, remains a significant issue. The present work addresses this problem by enhancing the reliability and cyc...

Hybrid pneumatic–electric actuators (HPEAs) are redundant actuators that combine the large force, low bandwidth characteristics of pneumatic actuators with the large bandwidth, small force characteristics of electric actuators. It has been show...

The actual driving conditions of electric vehicles (EVs) are complex and changeable. Limited by road adhesion conditions, it is necessary to give priority to ensuring safety, taking into account the energy recovery ratio of the vehicle during braking...

Nowadays, rapid development has been achieved with respect to the electric wheel loader (EWL). The operational efficiency of EWLs is affected by many factors; especially, shovel force is a very important factor. For large-tonnage EWLs, when employing...

Exact estimation of longitudinal force and sideslip angle is important for lateral stability and path-following control of four-wheel independent driven electric vehicle. This paper presents an effective method for longitudinal force and sideslip ang...

Aggregate stability is a key factor in the evaluation of soil structure and erosion resistance, which is largely influenced by soil electric field and particle interaction. However, there are few studies on how different organic and inorganic soil co...

The electric vehicle anti-skidding control system is used to ensure the stability of the vehicle under any circumstances. There is a typical feature in most anti-skidding detection methods; the skidding occurs first, and then the detection is perform...

The influence of an external constant strong electric field, formed using a pyramidal structure under a high electric potential, on an enzyme located near its apex, is studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is used as a model. In our experiments, a 27...

Techniques based on the elasto-magnetic (EM) effect have been receiving increasing attention for their significant advantages in cable stress/force monitoring of in-service structures. Variations in ambient temperature affect the magnetic behaviors o...

This study analysed the mechanism of avoidance behaviour by adult Turkestan cockroaches (Shelfordella lateralis Walker) in response to a static electric field (S-EF) formed in the space between a negatively charged polyvinyl chloride-insulated iron p...

Over the past three decades, China’s economy has witnessed remarkable growth, with an average annual growth rate over 9%. However, China also faces great challenges to balance this spectacular economic growth and continuously increasing energy use li...

Blended braking combines regenerative braking from traction motors with friction braking to meet braking safety and stability requirements while recovering kinetic energy. Existing reviews have mainly addressed regenerative-braking architectures, bra...

Currently, the main solution for braking systems for underground electric trackless rubber-tired vehicles (UETRVs) is traditional hydraulic braking systems, which have the disadvantages of hydraulic pressure crawling, the risk of oil leakage and a hi...

Adaptive brake force distribution (BFD) is critical for the safety and efficiency of electric commercial vehicles (ECVs), yet the integration of thermal constraints, real-time control, and stability requirements remains fragmented. Following PRISMA 2...

Electrostatic traveling wave (ETW) methods have shown promising performance in dust mitigation of solar panels, particle transport and separation in in situ space resource utilization, cell manipulation, and separation in biology. The ETW field distr...

The dynamic distribution of braking forces between front and rear axles in electric commercial vehicles represents a critical multi-objective optimization challenge requiring simultaneous satisfaction of regulatory safety compliance, regenerative ene...

Haptic feedback is the sensory modality to enhance the so-called “immersion”, meant as the extent to which senses are engaged by the mediated environment during virtual reality applications. However, it can be challenging to meet this req...

This work is aimed at the analysis of the dynamic resistance, electrical energy and behavior of the force between electrodes (including thermal expansion) during welding at optimized parameters, referring to the process of spot welding using additive...

In this work, we have studied the microstructures, nanodomains, polarization preservation behaviors, and electrical properties of BiFe_0.95Mn_0.05O₃ (BFMO) multiferroic thin films, which have been epitaxially created on the substrates of SrRuO₃, SrTiO₃...

Here we devise a multiprobe electrical measurement system based on quartz tuning forks (QTFs) and metallic tips capable of having full 3D control over the position of the probes. The system is based on the use of bent tungsten tips that are placed in...

It is important to reveal the relations of physical factors to deposition of contaminants on insulator. In this paper, the simulation model of high voltage end of insulator was established to study the force and motion characteristics of particles af...

This study aims to enhance conventional vibration energy harvesting systems (VEHs) by repositioning the piezoelectric patch (PZT) in the middle of a fixed–fixed elastic steel sheet instead of the root, as is commonly the case. The system is sub...

This study aimed to examine the potential sex differences in wide-pulse high-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WPHF NMES)-evoked force. Twenty-two subjects (10 women) completed this study. Prior to the stimulation, the visual analogue s...

While charge transport in the horizontal plane of graphene has been widely studied, there is only limited understanding about the transport across a stack of films that include graphene sheets. In this report, a model of a metal–graphene–...

The Special Issue ‘Insect physical control: electric field-based pest management approach’ was launched to showcase valuable new research on pest control using applied electrostatic engineering. Some phenomena generated in static and dyna...

Camless valvetrains have become a promising direction to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. In this paper, an electric load simulator is proposed to simulate and implement gas force on the exhaust valve for camless valvetrains un...

Electrically conductive yarns (ECYs) are gaining increasing applications in woven textile materials, especially in woven sensors suitable for incorporation into clothing. In this paper, the effect of the yarn count of ECYs woven into fabric on values...

The ripeness of tomatoes is crucial to determining their shelf life and quality. Most of the current methods for picking and sorting tomatoes take a long time, so this paper aims to design a device for sorting tomatoes based on force and bioelectrica...

Electric-assist bicycles have recently become very popular. However, riding them generally requires significantly more energy, generated simultaneously by the motor and the rider, compared to much lighter traditional bicycles. Assessing the energy ef...

Regenerative braking technology is a viable solution for mitigating the energy consumption of electric vehicles. Constructing a distribution strategy for regenerative braking force will directly affect the energy saving efficiency of electric vehicle...

In-wheel-motor-drive electric vehicles have attracted enormous attention due to its potentials of improving vehicle performance and safety. Road surface roughness results in forced vibration of in-wheel-motor (IWM) and thus aggravates the unbalanced...

This review examines the progress of electrostatic spore-trapping research and the potential for the practical application of electrostatic apparatuses in powdery mildew control. These apparatuses produce an electric field by charging an insulated co...

The 6-DOF vibration isolation platform (VIP) is used to isolate vibration in the processing and manufacturing of semiconductor chips, especially electric vehicle chips. The 6-DOF VIP has the characteristics of high position accuracy, fast dynamic res...

We propose a sub-1 Hz resonance frequency MEMS resonator that can be used for seismometers. The low resonance frequency is achieved by an electrically tunable spring with an ultra-small spring constant. Generally, it is difficult to electrically fine...

Aiming at the multifunctional requirements of the limited space in high-end vehicle side-door latches, a double single-loop RRUPRR mechanism driven by a single motor for both electric releasing and cinching is proposed based on the POC set. The kinem...

In the present study, the relationship between body water loss and conductivity was examined in adult houseflies (Musca domestica). The events an insect experiences in an electric field are caused by the conductive nature of the insect body (i.e., mo...

Ag/Ni composite contact materials are widely used in low-voltage switches, appliances, instruments, and high-precision contacts due to their good electrical conductivity and processing properties. The addition of small amounts of additives can effect...