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3,117 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,825 Views
21 Pages

Continuous Damping Control for Rollover Prevention with Optimal Distribution Strategy of Damping Force

  • Xu Zhang,
  • Chuanxue Song,
  • Shixin Song,
  • Jingwei Cao,
  • Da Wang,
  • Chunyang Qi,
  • Zhinan Ma and
  • Feng Xiao

16 October 2020

Vehicle rollover has always been a highly dangerous condition that can cause severe traffic casualties. In this work, a 14-degree-of-freedom vehicle model in MATLAB/Simulink is constructed with the vehicle suspension system dynamics. The validity of...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,977 Views
20 Pages

21 April 2023

A digital-twin-model-based optimal control system is presented for the steel continuous casting process. The system is designed for the coordinated optimization and dynamic control of secondary cooling and final electromagnetic stirring (FEMS), and i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,912 Views
19 Pages

4 February 2020

To alleviate the mode mismatch of multiple model methods for nonlinear systems when completely discrete dynamical equations are adopted, a semi-continuous piecewise affine (SCPWA) model based optimal control method is proposed. Firstly, a SCPWA model...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,301 Views
15 Pages

27 May 2022

This paper presents a novel robust optimal predictive control approach for a class of nonlinear continuous-time systems perturbed by unknown disturbances. First, a new error state with a linear proportional-integral-differential (PID) structure consi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
618 Views
27 Pages

A modified Enzyme Action Optimizer (mEAO) is proposed to tune a Fractional-Order Proportional–Integral–Derivative (FOPID) controller for precise temperature regulation of a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The nonlinear r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,334 Views
18 Pages

18 August 2020

In this paper, we propose an analytic solution of state-constrained optimal tracking control problems for continuous-time linear time-invariant (CT-LTI) systems that are based on model-based prediction, the quadratic penalty function, and the variati...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,338 Views
15 Pages

Weather Route Optimization Method of Unmanned Ship Based on Continuous Dynamic Optimal Control

  • Xiaoyuan Wang,
  • Xinyue Zhao,
  • Gang Wang,
  • Quanzheng Wang and
  • Kai Feng

14 February 2022

Intelligent weather route optimization method was an essential guarantee for safe and efficient navigation of ships. In traditional methods, the multi-stage decision-making method was generally used to solve route dynamic optimization problems, in wh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,007 Views
16 Pages

17 January 2022

Time-delay is an inevitable factor in practice, which may affect the performance of optimal control. In this paper, the event-triggered impulsive optimal control for linear continuous-time dynamic systems is studied. The event-triggered impulsive opt...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,181 Views
19 Pages

18 November 2024

In this paper, a problem of random disturbance attenuation capabilities for linear time-invariant continuous systems, affected by random disturbances with bounded σ-entropy, is studied. The σ-entropy norm defines a performance index of th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
9,097 Views
19 Pages

Averaging Level Control to Reduce Off-Spec Material in a Continuous Pharmaceutical Pilot Plant

  • Richard Lakerveld,
  • Brahim Benyahia,
  • Patrick L. Heider,
  • Haitao Zhang,
  • Richard D. Braatz and
  • Paul I. Barton

29 November 2013

The judicious use of buffering capacity is important in the development of future continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing processes. The potential benefits are investigated of using optimal-averaging level control for tanks that have buffering capaci...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,748 Views
17 Pages

25 February 2018

This article addresses the problem of optimizing electrical power generation using kite power systems (KPSs). KPSs are airborne wind energy systems that aim to harvest the power of strong and steady high-altitude winds. With the aim of maximizing the...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
2,714 Views
11 Pages

In this contribution, a class of observer-based optimal feedback control is designed. The proposed feedback control is based on the Euler–Lagrange theoretical framework, and it is motivated by the productivity intensification from the chemical...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
1,980 Views
20 Pages

To improve the chattering problem caused by the terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) and sliding mode observer (SMO) in permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMLSM) control systems, this study presents the design of a continuous terminal sliding...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,653 Views
12 Pages

9 October 2023

We introduce a new optimal control problem where the controlled dynamical system depends on multi-order (incommensurate) fractional differential equations. The cost functional to be maximized is of Bolza type and depends on incommensurate Caputo frac...

  • Article
  • Open Access
938 Views
24 Pages

22 September 2025

This paper addresses the cruise range maximization problem for hypersonic drones by proposing a combined aerodynamic force/thrust vector trajectory optimization method. A novel continuous linear parameterization strategy for trajectory optimization i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,420 Views
19 Pages

8 July 2021

A continuous control set model predictive power control strategy for an indirect matrix converter is proposed in this paper. The load reactive power, the load active power, and the input reactive power are controlled simultaneously. This control stra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,215 Views
21 Pages

A Robust Controller of a Reactor Electromicrobial System Based on a Structured Fractional Transformation for Renewable Energy

  • Muhammad Zia Ur Rahman,
  • Rabia Liaquat,
  • Mohsin Rizwan,
  • Carlos Martin-Barreiro and
  • Víctor Leiva

The focus on renewable energy is increasing globally to lessen reliance on conventional sources and fossil fuels. For renewable energy systems to work at their best and produce the desired results, precise feedback control is required. Microbial elec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,112 Views
11 Pages

16 January 2018

In this article we suggest a randomized algorithm for the LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) optimal-control problem via static-output-feedback. The suggested algorithm is based on the recently introduced randomized optimization method called the Ray-S...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,502 Views
22 Pages

A Two-Stage Optimization Method for Multi-Runway Departure Sequencing Based on Continuous-Time Markov Chain

  • Guan Lian,
  • Yingzi Wu,
  • Weizhen Luo,
  • Wenyong Li,
  • Yaping Zhang and
  • Xiaoyue Zhang

With the rapid expansion of the aviation industry, traditional static scheduling methods have become inadequate to meet the increasingly complex demands of efficient airport operations. To enhance the operational efficiency of multi-runway airports,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,167 Views
17 Pages

Linear Model Predictive Control for a Coupled CSTR and Axial Dispersion Tubular Reactor with Recycle

  • Seyedhamidreza Khatibi,
  • Guilherme Ozorio Cassol and
  • Stevan Dubljevic

This manuscript addresses a novel output model predictive controller design for a representative model of continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and axial dispersion reactor with recycle. The underlying model takes the form of ODE-PDE in series and i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,495 Views
19 Pages

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Gear-Shifting Strategy

  • Cong Lan,
  • Hailong Zhang,
  • Yongjuan Zhao,
  • Huipeng Du,
  • Jinglei Ren and
  • Jiangyu Luo

23 August 2025

The energy management strategy (EMS) is a core technology for improving the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, the coexistence of both discrete and continuous control variables, along with complex physical constraints in HEV po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,892 Views
20 Pages

17 September 2022

The object under investigation is a controllable linear stochastic differential system affected by some external statistically uncertain piecewise continuous disturbances. They are directly unobservable but assumed to be a continuous-time Markov chai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,402 Views
16 Pages

21 August 2025

This paper investigates distributed optimization problems for multi-agent systems with parametric uncertainties over unbalanced directed communication networks. To settle this class of optimization problems, a continuous-time algorithm is proposed by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,748 Views
25 Pages

15 December 2024

To address the technical challenges of implementing Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) in high-traffic-density terminal control areas, we propose a cooperative low-carbon trajectory planning method for multiple arriving aircraft. Firstly, this study...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,755 Views
12 Pages

A Numerical Implementation of Fractional-Order PID Controllers for Autonomous Vehicles

  • Iqbal M. Batiha,
  • Osama Y. Ababneh,
  • Abeer A. Al-Nana,
  • Waseem G. Alshanti,
  • Shameseddin Alshorm and
  • Shaher Momani

17 March 2023

In the context of reaching the best way to control the movement of autonomous cars linearly and angularly, making them more stable and balanced on different roads and ensuring that they avoid road obstacles, this manuscript chiefly aims to reach the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,647 Views
24 Pages

4 December 2021

The ability to meet a controlled time of arrival while also flying a continuous descent operation will enable environmentally friendly and fuel efficient descent operations while simultaneously maintaining airport throughput. Previous work showed tha...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,761 Views
33 Pages

Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

  • Caiyang Wei,
  • Theo Hofman and
  • Esin Ilhan Caarls

25 March 2021

For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of the electric machine (EM) and the CVT i...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
4,441 Views
19 Pages

In cognitive electronic warfare, when a typical combat vehicle, such as an unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV), uses radar sensors to explore an unknown space, the target-searching fails due to an inefficient servoing/tracking system. Thus, to solve t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,042 Views
42 Pages

30 November 2025

This paper presents a physics-informed reinforcement learning framework that embeds thermodynamic constraints directly into the policy network of a continuous control agent for HVAC optimization. We introduce a Thermodynamically-Constrained Deep Dete...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,068 Views
24 Pages

Continuously Variable Geometry Quadrotor: Robust Control via PSO-Optimized Sliding Mode Control

  • Foad Hamzeh,
  • Siavash Fathollahi Dehkordi,
  • Alireza Naeimifard and
  • Afshin Abyaz

23 June 2025

This paper tackles the challenge of achieving robust and precise control for a novel quadrotor featuring continuously variable arm lengths (15 cm to 19 cm), enabling enhanced adaptability in complex environments. Unlike conventional fixed-geometry or...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,091 Views
13 Pages

Energy Optimization of the Continuous-Time Perfect Control Algorithm

  • Marek Krok,
  • Paweł Majewski,
  • Wojciech P. Hunek and
  • Tomasz Feliks

19 February 2022

In this paper, an attempt at the energy optimization of perfect control systems is performed. The perfect control law is the maximum-speed and maximum-accuracy procedure, which allows us to obtain a reference value on the plant’s output just af...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,511 Views
18 Pages

An Application of Optimal Control to Sugarcane Harvesting in Thailand

  • Wisanlaya Pornprakun,
  • Surattana Sungnul,
  • Chanakarn Kiataramkul and
  • Elvin James Moore

The sugar industry is of great importance to the Thai economy. In general, the government sets sugarcane prices at the beginning of each harvesting season based on type (fresh or fired), sweetness (sugar content) and gross weight. The main aim of the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,266 Views
27 Pages

22 April 2023

To address the problems of strong coupling and large hysteresis in the temperature control of a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) process, an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) is proposed to optimize the PID parameters. The improvement...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,541 Views
23 Pages

17 February 2022

Aircraft trajectory planning is affected by various uncertainties. Among them, those in weather prediction have a large impact on the aircraft dynamics. Trajectory planning that assumes a deterministic weather scenario can cause significant performan...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,223 Views
26 Pages

18 July 2021

The underground coal gasification (UCG) represents an effective coal mining technology, where coal is transformed into syngas underground. Extracted syngas is cleaned and processed for energy production. Various gasification agents can be injected in...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,254 Views
17 Pages

A Discrete-Continuous Algorithm for Free Flight Planning

  • Ralf Borndörfer,
  • Fabian Danecker and
  • Martin Weiser

25 December 2020

We propose a hybrid discrete-continuous algorithm for flight planning in free flight airspaces. In a first step, our discrete-continuous optimization for enhanced resolution (DisCOptER) method computes a globally optimal approximate flight path on a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
1,867 Views
17 Pages

29 January 2024

The transfer between two circular, coplanar Keplerian orbits of a spacecraft equipped with a continuous thrust propulsion system is usually studied in an optimal framework by maximizing a given performance index. Using an indirect approach, the optim...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,820 Views
18 Pages

Decentralized Multi-Agent Control of a Manipulator in Continuous Task Learning

  • Asad Ali Shahid,
  • Jorge Said Vidal Sesin,
  • Damjan Pecioski,
  • Francesco Braghin,
  • Dario Piga and
  • Loris Roveda

1 November 2021

Many real-world tasks require multiple agents to work together. When talking about multiple agents in robotics, it is usually referenced to multiple manipulators in collaboration to solve a given task, where each one is controlled by a single agent....

  • Article
  • Open Access
405 Views
25 Pages

Temperature Control of Nonlinear Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors Using an Enhanced Nature-Inspired Optimizer and Fractional-Order Controller

  • Serdar Ekinci,
  • Davut Izci,
  • Aysha Almeree,
  • Vedat Tümen,
  • Veysel Gider,
  • Ivaylo Stoyanov and
  • Mostafa Jabari

19 February 2026

The temperature regulation of nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) processes remains a challenging control problem due to strong nonlinearities, time-delay effects, and sensitivity to disturbances and parameter variations. Conventional pr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,032 Views
14 Pages

19 March 2025

Modern materials and manufacturing technologies have allowed the construction of morphing wings that are able to continuously vary certain airfoil parameters such as twist, camber, or control surface deflection as a function of span. This work presen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,789 Views
11 Pages

Fractional-Order Identification and Control of Heating Processes with Non-Continuous Materials

  • Riccardo Caponetto,
  • Francesca Sapuppo,
  • Vincenzo Tomasello,
  • Guido Maione and
  • Paolo Lino

12 November 2016

The paper presents a fractional order model of a heating process and a comparison of fractional and standard PI controllers in its closed loop system. Preliminarily, an enhanced fractional order model for the heating process on non-continuous materia...

  • Review
  • Open Access
50 Citations
15,607 Views
20 Pages

11 February 2020

The increasing concerns of air pollution and energy usage led to the electrification of the vehicle powertrain system in recent years. On the other hand, internal combustion engines were the dominant vehicle power source for more than a century, and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,262 Views
18 Pages

Data-Driven Suboptimal Scheduling of Switched Systems

  • Chi Zhang,
  • Minggang Gan,
  • Jingang Zhao and
  • Chenchen Xue

27 February 2020

In this paper, a data-driven optimal scheduling approach is investigated for continuous-time switched systems with unknown subsystems and infinite-horizon cost functions. Firstly, a policy iteration (PI) based algorithm is proposed to approximate the...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,101 Views
14 Pages

5 October 2021

The main purpose of this paper is threefold. One is to study the existence and convergence problem of solutions for a class of generalized mixed quasi-variational hemivariational inequalities. The second one is to study the existence of optimal contr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
413 Views
29 Pages

Climate Impact of Optimizing ATM and ATC Procedures for Mitigating CO2 and Non-CO2 Emissions

  • Davide Bianco,
  • Roberto Valentino Montaquila and
  • Vittorio Di Vito

1 February 2026

A comprehensive multidisciplinary review of recent advances in aviation emissions modeling methodologies and mitigation strategies through optimized in-flight operational procedures, and how they could be considered in evaluating their climatic impac...

  • Protocol
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,908 Views
16 Pages

4 February 2022

The number of opioid-related deaths in Canada has steadily increased since 2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this trend. Naloxone has been pivotal for reducing opioid-related harms and death, and pharmacists play a crucial role in ensuring...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,201 Views
13 Pages

Personalizezed Hemodynamic Optimization Using Stroke Volume, Pulse Pressure Variation, and Continuous Cardiac Index in Major Liver Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Francisco Javier Redondo Calvo,
  • Víctor Baladrón González,
  • David Padilla Valverde,
  • Jorge Redondo Sánchez,
  • Pedro Juan Villarejo Campos,
  • Omar Montenegro Herrera,
  • Patricia Faba Martín,
  • Rubén Villazala González,
  • Raquel Bodoque Villar and
  • Natalia Bejarano Ramírez
  • + 2 authors

30 September 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate fluid administration and intraoperative bleeding of patients who had major hepatic resection. We used artery pulse contour analysis monitor (ProAQT™) and personalized hemodynamic targ...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,771 Views
15 Pages

15 July 2020

We have entered a new era, “Industry 4.0”, that sees the overall industry marching toward an epoch of man–machine symbiosis and intelligent production. The developers of so-called “intelligent” systems must attempt to se...

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