In cognitive diagnosis models, the condensation rule describes the logical relationship between the required attributes and the item response, reflecting an explicit assumption about respondents’ cognitive processes to solve problems. Multiple...
Compromising the performance and overhead is a crucial factor in designing cognitive radio networks (CRNs). One way to achieve this goal is to combine different fusion rules for a CRN with multiple clusters of cognitive radios (CRs). This paper propo...
As interest in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) continues to grow, a critical gap remains between the explanations generated by models and their interpretability by human users, particularly when cognitive biases and semantic relevance are n...
Spectrum sensing (SS) has attracted much attention due to its important role in the improvement of spectrum efficiency. However, the limited sensing time leads to an insufficient sampling point due to the tradeoff between sensing time and communicati...
Being motivated has positive influences on task performance. However, motivation could result from various motives that affect different parts of the brain. Analyzing the motivation effect from all affected areas requires a high number of EEG electro...
Ritual knots are symmetrical crisscrossing designs that appear in distant cultures around the world. Their independent emergence is plausibly due to shared features of human cognition and experience that such patterns represent. Since empirical inves...
Although the cognitive flexibility (CF) of preschool children has been extensively studied, the development of CF in children around three years old is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the CF of three-year-olds in a stepwise rule-induction ta...
Background: In electronic health record (EHR) research, multimorbidity is commonly represented by summary indices that may oversimplify disease co-occurrence or by unsupervised cluster labels that may lack stability across samples. This study evaluat...
Whether learned cognition can affect evolutionary outcomes remains a long-standing question. This study addresses a narrower mechanism: whether a model-based planner benefits from learned rules that explicitly condition on the action just taken. The...
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with deficits in decision-making, which is of utmost importance for daily functioning. Despite evidence of declined decision-making abilities, research on decision-making interventions for MCI is scarce....
Background/Objectives: The study examined the relationships between specific Theory-of-Mind (ToM) dimensions, cognitive planning, and sleep duration in aging adults. Methods: The sample included 179 participants, comprising 46 cognitively healthy ind...
Fear generalization is a crucial mechanism underlying maladaptive behavior, but factors influencing this process are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of cue training and context on fear generalization and how cognitive rules influenc...
Traditional detectors for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks always become disabled when noise uncertainty is severe. Shannon entropy-based detection methods have aroused widespread attention in recent years due to the characteristics of ef...
To explore the memory advantage and the underlying mechanisms of bridge experts, this study conducted two experiments. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of the suit categorization rule and the rank ordering rule on the memory performance of bridg...
Early Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theologians developed a unique path of Hindu devotion during the 16th century through which an aspirant cultivates a rapturous form of selfless love (premā) for Kṛṣṇa, who is recognized as the supreme and personal deity. In the...
Freeway networks, despite being built to handle the transportation needs of large traffic volumes, have suffered in recent years from an increase in demand that is rarely resolvable through infrastructure improvements. Therefore, the implementation o...
Understanding naturalistic driving in complex scenarios is an important step towards autonomous driving, and several approaches have been adopted for modeling driver’s behaviors. This paper presents the methodology known as “Think Aloud P...
This note is devoted to the problem of signaling (marginal inconsistency) in the Bell-type experiments with physical and cognitive systems. It seems that in quantum physics, this problem is still not taken seriously. Only recently have experimenters...
When making decisions under uncertainty, people in all walks of life, including highly trained medical professionals, tend to resort to using ‘mental shortcuts’, or heuristics. Anchoring-and-adjustment (AAA) is a well-known heuristic in w...
The aim of the paper is to analyze changes and peculiarities of behavior of economic agents with bounded rationality in the New Keynesian model, in which imported equipment and technology are one of the factors of production, and households consume o...
Compound toys simulate the hierarchy of single inclusion. We propose classification of criteria and ranking methods for multi-criteria problems of analysis and decision making. The definitions of subjective and objective criteria are introduced. The...
With the growing prevalence of Explainable AI (XAI), the effectiveness, transparency, usefulness, and trustworthiness of explanations have come into focus. However, recent work in XAI often still falls short in terms of integrating human knowledge an...
The worst performance rule (WPR) is a robust empirical finding reflecting that people’s worst task performance shows numerically stronger correlations with cognitive ability than their average or best performance. However, recent meta-analytic...
Cognitive control is essential to daily life. Task switching is a classical paradigm used to study cognitive control. Previous researchers have studied the representation of different abstract hierarchical rules in the prefrontal cortex and explored...
This study aims to analyze the relationship between perceived organizational culture (POC) and turnover intentions (TI) and if this relationship is mediated by perceived organizational support (POS) and job insecurity (JI). For this purpose, the foll...
The cognition of large farm animals is important for understanding how cognitive abilities are shaped by evolution and domestication. Valid testing methods are needed with the development of cognitive studies in more species. Here, a step-by-step met...
Part-whole Systems (S) structure is foundational to a diverse array of phenomena such as belonging and containment, networks, statistics, reductionism, holism, etc. and is extremely similar if not synonymous with sets, sorts, groups, combinations and...
Background: the Skill, Rule, and Knowledge (S-R-K) model is a framework used to describe and analyze human behaviour and decision-making in complex environments based on the nature of the task and kind of cognitive control required. The S-R-K model i...
Cognitive flexibility—the ability to adapt cognitive strategies and behavioral responses in changing environments—is a key component of executive function, supporting rule updating and conflict resolution. Individuals with substance addic...
Emotional intelligence (EI) and its meta-cognitive counterpart, meta-emotional intelligence (MEI), have increasingly been recognized as key factors in helping students understand, regulate, and reflect on their emotional experiences. MEI expands upon...
Wisconsin card-sorting tasks provide unique opportunities to study cognitive flexibility and its limitations, which express themselves behaviorally as perseverative errors (PE). PE refer to those behavioral errors on Wisconsin card-sorting tasks that...
Text-only large language models (LLMs) used as general-purpose reasoners achieve remarkable performance on linguistic and reasoning tasks yet remain limited on intervention-sensitive and individual-level counterfactual reasoning. This article offers...
Pre-diagnosis of common dementia conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the initial stages is crucial to help in early intervention, treatment plan design, disease management, and for providing quicker healthcare access. Current assessm...
Figural matrices are widely used to measure reasoning ability. According to the two-process model of figural matrix reasoning, task performance relies on correspondence finding (linked to induction ability) and goal management (linked to working memo...
The launch of ChatGPT in November of 2022 provides the rare opportunity to consider both what artificial intelligence (AI) is and what human experts are. In the spirit of making the most of this opportunity, we invite the reader to follow a suggestiv...
1 January 2000
Numbers are ubiquitous in our world which is ruled by the laws of computation and economics and, yet, the cognitive processes underlying calculation and its impairments are still not well understood. The diversity of the conceptual approaches to this...
Research on autonomy exhibits a constellation of variegated perspectives, from the problem of the crude deprivation of it to the study of the distinction between personal and moral autonomy, and from the problem of the role of a “self as narrat...
Rural collective entrepreneurship poverty alleviation within the university participation context is regarded as a “socio-technical-economic” hybrid system, which aims to generate long-term economic benefits and social well-being for rura...
This article aims to present some of the initial work of developing a social science grounded game theory—as a clear alternative to classical game theory. Two distinct independent initiatives in Sociology are presented: One, a systems approach, socia...
Cardinal Bessarion (1408–1472), in the second chapter of the first book of his influential work In calumniatorem Platonis, attempted to reply to Georgios Trapezuntios’ (1396–1474) criticism against Plato in the Comparatio Philosopho...
Traffic flow prediction is a critical component of intelligent transportation systems, especially in the prevention of traffic congestion in urban areas. While significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing the accuracy of traffic prediction, the...
Previous studies on decision strategies in multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) have primarily relied on computational simulations to assess strategy performance under varying conditions, with particular emphasis on comparisons to the weighted addi...
This paper analyzes the 1/3 Financial Rule, a method of allocating income equally among debt repayment, savings, and living expenses. Through mathematical modeling, game theory, behavioral finance, and technological analysis, we examine the rule&rsqu...
With its powerful expressive capability and intuitive presentation, the knowledge graph has emerged as one of the primary forms of knowledge representation and management. However, the presence of biases in our cognitive and construction processes of...
With the widespread deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in smart grids, visual inspection based on deep learning has significantly advanced. However, conventional object detection paradigms heavily rely on massive, high-quality annotated da...
Building community discovery aims to identify spatially continuous and cognitively coherent groups of buildings that represent meaningful urban spatial structures. Existing methods mainly integrate geometric similarity, spatial proximity, and topolog...
Background: Nutritional psychoeducation is a core component of multidisciplinary treatment for anorexia nervosa, yet evidence on its association with changes in eating behavior beyond weight outcomes remains limited. Methods: This pre–post obse...
This study aimed to examine the associations between specific sleep parameters and specific aspects of cognitive functioning in individuals diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), compared with healthy controls (HCs) by using cognitive, subje...
Decision making in critical situations is a complex process. There are many processes to consider. This paper describes a theoretical approach to researching attentional processes and automatic unconscious processes in terms of metacognition. An appl...
Background and aim: Preliminary evaluation of a wild green oat extract (WGOE) (Neuravena® ELFA®955, Frutarom, Switzerland) revealed an acute cognitive benefit of supplementation. This study investigated whether regular daily WGOE supplementation woul...
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