180 Results Found

Considerable efforts have been spent on the development of biodefensives based on the encapsulation of essential oils for controlling of urban pests from their larval stage, especially as anopheline controlling agents. The larval source management of...

As of 2021, the biothreat policy and research communities organize their efforts around lists of priority agents, which elides consideration of novel pathogens and biotoxins. For example, the Select Agents and Toxins list is composed of agents that h...

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) gills function as both respiratory and immune-regulatory organs, integrating neuroendocrine and immune responses to environmental stimuli. This study explores the spatial organization and interaction of neuroendocrine cel...

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm is regarded as having a significant role in modern warfare. The demand for UAV swarms with the capability of attack-defense confrontation is urgent. The existing decision-making methods of UAV swarm confrontati...

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases in papaya fruit. Its control has been achieved with synthetic fungicides, but the application of marine bacteria and the sulphated polysaccharide ulvan (stru...

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MF-30 isolated from maize rhizosphere was characterized for several plant growth stimulating attributes. The strain MF-30 was also evaluated for antifungal properties against Rhizocto...

We describe herein, limitations on research at biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment laboratories, with regard to biosecurity regulations, safety considerations, research space limitations, and physical constraints in executing experimental procedure...

Chemical interactions have been shown to regulate several marine life processes, including selection of food sources, defense, behavior, predation, and mate recognition. These chemical communication signals have effects not only at the individual sca...

An optimized, well-tested and validated targeted genomic sequencing-based high-throughput assay is currently not available ready for routine biodefense and biosurveillance applications. Earlier, we addressed this gap by developing and establishing ba...

Accurate pathogen detection and diagnosis is paramount in clinical success of treating patients. There are two general paradigms in pathogen detection: molecular and immuno-based, and phage-based detection is a third emerging paradigm due to its sens...

Salinity stress is a barrier to crop production, quality yield, and sustainable agriculture. The current study investigated the plant growth promotion, biochemical and molecular characterization of bacterial strain Enterobacter cloacae PM23 under sal...

The highly versatile group of Herpesviruses cause disease in a wide range of hosts. In invertebrates, only two herpesviruses are known: the malacoherpesviruses HaHV-1 and OsHV-1 infecting gastropods and bivalves, respectively. To understand viral tra...

In the construction of new power systems, the traditional network security protection mainly based on boundary protection belongs to static defense and still relies mainly on manual processing in vulnerability repair, threat response, etc. It is diff...

The brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.)] is one of the most destructive insect pests in all the rice-growing regions of the world. The pest is complicated to manage through the blanket application of chemical pesticides. The developme...

Endophytic microbes are a ubiquitous group of plant-associated communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular host tissues while providing numerous beneficial effects to the plants. All the plant species are thought to be associated wit...

The resistance formation of spores in general and of Bacillus atrophaeus in particular has long been the focus of science in the bio-defense, pharmaceutical and food industries. In the food industry, it is used as a biological indicator (BI) for the...

Hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (HDP-CDV) is a novel ether lipid conjugate of (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonoylmethoxypropyl)-cytosine (CDV) which exhibits a remarkable increase in antiviral activity against orthopoxviruses compared with CDV. In contrast t...

Hemorrhagic smallpox, caused by variola virus (VARV), was a rare but nearly 100% lethal human disease manifestation. Hemorrhagic smallpox is frequently characterized by secondary bacterial infection, coagulopathy, and myocardial and subendocardial he...

Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and is a potential biowarfare/bioterrorist agent. Its pulmonary form, caused by inhalation of the spores, is highly lethal and is mainly related to injury caused by the toxins se...

The COVID-19 and mpox crisis has reminded the world of the potentially catastrophic consequences of biological agents. Aside from the natural risk, biological agents can also be weaponized or used for bioterrorism. Dissemination in a population or am...

The use of pesticides causes significant environmental problems, which drives the search for natural and non-toxic alternatives. In this study, a glycolipid biosurfactant (BS), produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola ATCC 22214, was utilized as a...

Quantitative real-time PCR and genomic sequencing have become mainstays for performing molecular detection of biological threat agents in the field. There are notional assessments of the benefits, disadvantages, and challenges that each of these tech...

PB10 IgG₁, a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an immunodominant epitope on the enzymatic subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin (RT), has been shown to passively protect mice and non-human primates from an aerosolized lethal-dose RT challenge. Howeve...

Ricin is a potential bioweapon that could be used against civilian and military personnel. Aerosol exposure is the most likely route of contact to ricin toxin that will result in the most severe toxicity. Early recognition of ricin exposure is essent...

Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune respo...

The entry of ricin toxin into macrophages and certain other cell types in the spleen and liver results in toxin-induced inflammation, tissue damage and organ failure. It has been proposed that uptake of ricin into macrophages is facilitated by the ma...

The goal of the AntiBotABE Program was the development of recombinant antibodies that neutralize botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) A, B and E. These serotypes are lethal and responsible for most human botulinum cases. To improve therapeutic efficacy, the...

In this report, we used hydrogen exchange-mass spectrometry (HX-MS) to identify the epitopes recognized by 21 single-domain camelid antibodies (V_HHs) directed against the ribosome-inactivating subunit (RTA) of ricin toxin, a biothreat agent of concer...

Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis is a category-A biothreat agent that can cause lethal tularemia. Ceftobiprole medocaril is being explored as a medical countermeasure for the treatment of pneumonic tularemia. The efficacy of ceftobiprole...

Burkholderia mallei is a Gram-negative, non-motile, facultative intracellular bacillus and the causative agent of glanders, a highly contagious zoonotic disease. B. mallei is naturally resistant to multiple antibiotics and there is concern for its po...

Sudan virus (SUDV) and Ebola viruses (EBOV) are both members of the Ebolavirus genus and have been sources of epidemics and outbreaks for several decades. We present here the generation and characterization of cross-reactive antibodies to both SUDV a...

The Filovirus Animal Non-Clinical Group (FANG) is a US interdepartmental and interagency group established to support and facilitate the advanced development of filovirus Medical Countermeasures (MCM), both vaccines and therapeutics. It is co-led by...

This systematic review article provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the use of bioinputs in sustainable agriculture, focusing on biosurfactants and absorbent polymers, particularly bacterial cellulose. The article contextualises the grow...

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the interplay of human behavior, environmental factors, viral evolution, and public health interventions has resulted in unexpected changes in the timing, intensity, and geography of respiratory virus outbreaks. For...

Olive anthracnose is the most important fungal disease of the olive fruit worldwide, with the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum as the main cause of the disease in Greece. A total of 11 commercial biological plant protection products (bioPPPs) (Amylo-X^&...

A United States Government (USG) interagency group, the Filovirus Animal Non-Clinical Group (FANG), has been established to support the development of biodefense medical countermeasures (MCMs). As both vaccines and therapeutics are licensed using &ld...

Plant-derived toxins such as ricin and abrin represent some of the most potent biological agents known, posing significant threats to public health and security due to their high toxicity, relative ease of extraction, and widespread availability. The...

Proteins play pivotal roles in safeguarding plants against numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding their biological functions and mechanisms of action is essential for advancing plant biology, agriculture, and biotechnology. This review c...

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a vital legume in Asia with significant nutritional benefits, is highly susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens, leading to significant yield losses. As an alternative to chemical fungici...

A low-scale Food Waste Compost (FWC1), characterized by optimal physic-chemical parameters and high organic matter percentages, was used as a fertilizer and a bio-stimulant for vegetable plants. Groups of treated plants were inoculated with active ju...

The bird swarm algorithm (BSA) is a bio-inspired evolution approach to solving optimization problems. It is derived from the foraging, defense, and flying behavior of bird swarm. This paper proposed a novel version of BSA, named as BSAII. In this ver...

Bacteriophage contamination remains a persistent and costly challenge in industrial bio-manufacturing. Traditional control strategies rely heavily on physical exclusion and chemical disinfection, yet these passive measures often fail to address the r...

Healing is a specific biological process related to the general phenomenon of growth and tissue regeneration and is a process generally affected by several systemic conditions or as detrimental side-effects of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced in...

Organisms lacking external defense mechanisms have developed chemical defense strategies, particularly through the production of secondary metabolites with antibiotic or repellent effects. Secondary metabolites from marine organisms have proven to be...

Francisella tularensis has been the focus of much research over the last two decades mainly because of its potential use as an agent of bioterrorism. F. tularensis is the causative agent of zoonotic tularemia and has a worldwide distribution. The dif...

Plague, caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia pestis, is a vector-borne disease that has caused millions of human deaths over several centuries. Presently, human plague infections continue throughout the world. Transmission from one host to anoth...

The agile locomotion of adhesive animals is mainly attributed to their sophisticated hierarchical feet and reversible adhesion motility. Their structure–function relationship is an urgent issue to be solved to understand biologic adhesive syste...

The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient branch in the tree of metazoans. Several species exert a remarkable longevity, suggesting the existence of a developed and consistent defense mechanism of the innate immunity capable to overcome the potential repeate...

Microcystins appear to be considered one of the most dangerous cyanobacterial toxins in the world. The accumulation and change of microcystins MC-LR and MC-RR in the “cyanobacteria–cladocera–fish” food chain were studied. Micr...

Nature is full of examples of processes that, through evolution, have been perfected over the ages to effectively use matter and sustain life. Here, we present our strategies for designing intrinsically disordered smart polymers for soft robotics app...