Webshells are a malicious scripts that can remotely control a webserver to execute arbitrary commands, steal sensitive files, and further invade the internal network. Existing webshell detection methods, such as using pattern matching for webshell de...
Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuits play an important role in applications where a single element must be selected according to its relevance. They have been successfully applied in neural networks and vision sensors. These applications usually require a...
This research aims to evaluate the economic valuation of lead air pollution in the AA.HH. Virgen de Guadalupe, Callao, Peru. A survey was conducted with 182 residents, focusing on air quality, temporary exposure to pollution, aesthetic appreciation o...
Fast online transient stability assessment (TSA) is very important to maintain the stable operation of power systems. However, the existing transient stability assessment methods suffer the drawbacks of unsatisfactory prediction accuracy, difficult a...
Cost-effectiveness analysis is widely adopted as an analytical framework to evaluate whether health care interventions represent value for money, and its use in dentistry is increasing. Traditionally, in cost-effectiveness analysis, one assumes that...
In this study, a multilayered hard coating with a tungsten matrix and a transition layer was deposited on pure copper by double glow plasma surface alloying technology, which aimed to provide the coating superior binding force and favorable matching...
Green attributes transparency presents new opportunities and challenges to advertisers. This study developed a research framework to enhance consumers’ willingness to adopt green cosmetics from several green constructs, such as corporate transp...
Elite female tennis players are among those at high risk for developing the Female Athlete Triad (Triad), characterized by three interrelated conditions: energy deficiency/low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density....
29 October 2018
This study tested whether information on positive food additives and negative food additives had an effect on consumers’ risk perception and their willingness to accept (WTA) food with additives. Consumers’ WTA was examined via a random n...
Forest areas have recently become increasingly popular for physical activity in society, especially among niche sports enthusiasts. We analysed the attitude of the specific social group of cross-country skiers in Poland to pay for recreation in fores...
The sensor-weapon–target assignment (S-WTA) problem is a crucial decision issue in C4ISR. The cooperative engagement capability (CEC) of sensors and weapons depends on the S-WTA schemes, which can greatly affect the operational effectiveness. I...
Different winner-take-all (WTA) and loser-take-all (LTA) circuits are studied, and their operations are analyzed in this review. The exclusive operation of the current conveyor, binary tree, and time-domain WTA/LTA architectures, as the most importan...
China’s Grassland Eco-Subsidy Program has been implemented since 2011 to protect and sustain grassland resources and improve the economic situation of herders. In this case study, we aimed to evaluate the policy from the perspective of pastoral...
Although the Metaverse is becoming a popular technology in many aspects of our lives, there are some drawbacks to its implementation on clouds, including long latency, security concerns, and centralized infrastructures. Therefore, designing scalable...
Biological organisms perform complex selective attention operations continuously and effortlessly. These operations allow them to quickly determine the motor actions to take in response to combinations of external stimuli and internal states, and to...
12 January 2026
Objectives. To integrate clinical and economic evidence on the main non-pharmacological interventions aimed to reduce the burden of caregivers of people with dementia, with specific attention to stated preference measures (SPM), Willingness-to-Pay (W...
We investigate whether individuals’ self-stated privacy behavior is correlated with their reservation price for the disclosure of personal and potentially sensitive information. Our incentivized experiment has a unique setting: Information abou...
11 May 2020
This paper pioneers to investigate the endowment effect in the European Union mission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as well as the impacts of trading experience and compliance pressure on the endowment effect. This study is based on the complete transactio...
Tegillarca granosa samples contaminated artificially by three kinds of toxic heavy metals including zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) were attempted to be distinguished using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and pattern rec...
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic bacterium with the capacity to invade the epithelial cells during the pathogenic process. Several bacterial factors have been identified to contribute to this process, but our knowledge is still very limited about t...
Electricity demand in a certain locality varies during the day, depending on weather conditions, daily life routines, or a social event in a town. During high/peak demands, expensive power plants are put into operation, which affects electricity pric...
Main shaft bearings are among the critical rotating components of subsea drilling rigs, and their health status directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the drilling system. However, in the high-pressure liquid environment of the deep sea,...
Individual identification of Holstein cattle is crucial for the intelligent management of farms. The existing closed-set identification models are inadequate for breeding scenarios where new individuals continually join, and they are highly sensitive...
Tungsten has many attractive properties, but its brittleness limits its application. Our team has found that the brittleness of tungsten can be greatly improved by combining the brittle tungsten with tantalum. Furthermore, we found that if a suitable...
The growing interest in refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) in the last decade is mainly due to their thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, currently HEAs are still not considered for use...
The present study aims to assess the impact of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment on refractory high-entropy alloy (HEA) WTaMoNbV produced by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process. This was carried out by examining the functional properties...
The extremely harsh environment of the high temperature plasma imposes strict requirements on the construction materials of the first wall in a fusion reactor. In this work, a refractory alloy system, WTaVTiZrx, with low activation and high entropy,...
Whole transcriptome amplification (WTA2) and sequence-independent single primer amplification (SISPA) are two widely used methods for combined metagenomic sequencing of RNA and DNA viruses. However, information on the reproducibility and bias of thes...
Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are a serious problem in the food industry. Wall teichoic acid (WTA) is crucial in S. aureus biofilm formation. Overexpression of the WTA-hydrolyzing enzyme glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ), induced by...
Selective attention is the strategy used by biological systems to cope with the inherent limits in their available computational resources, in order to efficiently process sensory information. The same strategy can be used in artificial systems that...
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a serious clinical threat, and D-Serine (D-Ser) showed significant sensitization effects on β-lactams against MRSA in our previous study. Quantitative PCR analysis found the elevate...
The establishment of nature reserves is an important measure to protect the wild population of Chinese alligators. Due to the overlap of nature reserves and human living areas, there is a certain conflict between economic development and ecological p...
In the context of China’s trial fallow policy; the heavy metal pollution of farmland is addressed via field surveys in Hunan Province, where the fallow policy has been implemented, and in Jiangxi Province, where it has not been implemented. We measur...
7 October 2023
The Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimator is widely used in medical research to estimate the survival function from lifetime data. KM estimation is a powerful tool to evaluate clinical trials due to simple computational requirements, its use of a logrank...
Afforestation (AF) in farmland has been widely used as an alternative and sustainable land-use practice to address socioeconomic and environmental challenges. The aim of this study is to estimate farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensatio...
Parallel to the growing evidence about the efficiency of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in sanitation, there is a growing need to highlight the co-benefits of these solutions compared to conventional alternatives. This study focuses on economically val...
The cell wall of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), a major intracellular foodborne bacterial pathogen, comprises a thick peptidoglycan layer that serves as a scaffold for glycopolymers such as wall teichoic acids (WTAs). WTAs contain non-essential sugar s...
Weapon-target assignment (WTA) is a kind of NP-complete problem in military operations research. To solve the multilayer defense WTA problems when the information about enemy’s attacking plan is symmetric to the defender, we propose four heuris...
Chemical fertilizer loss during agricultural production is an important factor leading to the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. As fertilizer technology has become more widespread, it has become necessary to explore the ecological compensation...
As the only surface water source for Beijing, the Miyun Reservoir and its catchment (MRC) are a focus for concern about the degradation of ecosystem services (ES) unless appropriate payments for ecosystem services (PES) are in place. This study used...
Weed-competitive genotypes could be an important tool in integrated weed management (IWM) practices. However, weed competitiveness is often not considered a priority for breeding high-yielding cultivars. Weed-competitive ability is often evaluated ba...
The Returning Farmland to Forest Program (RFFP) was implemented in China in 1999 with the goal of supporting environmental restoration by returning significant areas of cultivated land to forest. While afforestation supports long-term ecosystem servi...
A novel k-winners-take-all (k-WTA) competitive learning (CL) hardware architecture is presented for on-chip learning in this paper. The architecture is based on an efficient pipeline allowing k-WTA competition processes associated with different trai...
The public-good nature of benefits of fuel management explains its current undersupply and the consequent wildfire blow. Policies to promote fuel management are thus required. To be cost-effective, they need to be informed by context-specific estimat...
Top-down grassland conservation policies are widely used to protect grassland ecosystems from degradation in developing counties. However, an inability to meet local herders’ preferences when implementing such ecological policies may weaken the...
Using the contingent valuation method and the Heckman two-stage model, we explore residents’ willingness to accept (WTA) compensation and their WTA level for ecological conservation compensation in the upstream of the Ganjiang River Basin in Ch...
The sensor–weapon–target allocation (S-WTA) is a typical collaborative task allocation problem involved in network-centric warfare (NCW). The existing related studies have a limitation to the nature of cooperation and uncertainty in an ai...
Sensors in many applications must select the largest element in a sequence of currents. This can be performed in an analog way by the Winner-Take-All (WTA) circuit. This paper considers the classic version of the WTA Lazzaro circuit, working with MOS...
This study examines Chinese farmers’ stated preferences and the compensation they would be willing to accept (willingness to accept; WTA) in return after adopting the Visualization System (VS), a promising method of smart agricultural technolog...
Refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are promising candidates for next-generation nuclear applications, particularly fusion reactors, due to their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and irradiation resistance. Here, the microstructure...
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