This study evaluates the performance of a hybrid passive optical network–radio over fiber (PON–RoF) architecture for long-term evolution (LTE)-based video transmission, focusing on the analysis of the block error rate (BLER) with and with...
To address the issues of subcarrier orthogonality loss and inter-carrier interference (ICI) caused by carrier frequency offset (CFO), this paper proposes and experimentally validates a frequency offset estimation (FOE)-assisted dual-domain Transforme...
This paper presents a solution for enabling the coexistence of digitized radio-over-fiber (D-RoF) and analog radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) interfaces operating in the optical fronthaul of 5G mobile systems. In the first section, we formulate the need to i...
A two-ring-based radio over fiber (RoF) transport system with a two-step fiber link failure detection and self-healing algorithm is proposed to ensure quality of service (QoS) by automatically monitoring the health of each fiber link in the transport...
Visible-light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to provide the very high-throughput wireless communications demanded by beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) applications. However, few works are found in the literature regarding the i...
Integrated photonics is a transformative technology for enhancing communication and computation in Cloud and Fog computing networks. Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) enable significant improvements in data-processing speed, energy-efficiency, scal...
Managing the users multimedia and long-range based demands, the radio over fiber (RoF) mechanism has been introduced recently. RoF mingles the optical and radio communication frameworks to increase mobility and offer high capacity communication netwo...
Due to the growing impact of the information and communications technology (ICT) sector on electricity usage and greenhouse gas emissions, telecommunication networks require new solutions which will enable the improvement of the energy efficiency of...
This paper presents a Dual-sideband Optical Carrier Suppression (DSB-OCS) technique which is used to generate an optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in radio over fiber (RoF) systems. The proposed system employs a Dual-Electrode Mach-Zehnder Mod...
Next-generation cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) are anticipated to provide multi-Gbps data rate transmission and ultra-high bandwidth capacity, which is one of the key performance indicators for future mobile networks. The integral layout of fib...
As a result of the inability of people to meet their demands in the face of increasing demands, people tend to have private health insurance in addition to the general health insurance offered as a public service. Due to the increasing trend of takin...
A new scheme of radio-over-fiber (RoF) network based on spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is herein proposed. Differential service is provided by a power control scheme that classifies users into several cl...
The explicit solution of the traditional ROF model in image denoising has the disadvantages of unstable results and requiring many iterations. To solve the problem, a new method, ROF model semi-implicit denoising, is proposed in this paper and applie...
This paper proposes a hybrid ring- and tree-topology radio over fiber (RoF) transmission system with self-disconnection protection that can support the high distribution density of base stations (BSs) in a metropolitan area and strengthen the network...
Due to the unprecedented growth in mobile data traffic, emerging mobile access networks such as fifth-generation (5G) would require huge bandwidth and a mobile fronthaul architecture as an essential solution in providing a high capacity for support i...
The main problem of intensity modulation (IM) in radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication is dispersion power fading (DPF), which occurs when the signal is transmitted through a dispersive link that causes a sideband cancelation effect. The DPF level of...
In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time, the integration of a radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication system and a Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) distributed sensor system using a single optical f...
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is in the process of developing 5th generation (5G) radio access technology, the so-called new radio (NR). The aim is to achieve the performance requirements forIMT-2020 radio interface technology. In thi...
A filter-free, image-reject, sub-harmonic downconverted RoF link is proposed based on a dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP–QPSK) modulator. At the remote antenna unit, the receiving radio frequency signal is applied to the uppe...
Radio-over-fiber (RoF) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have been revealed as the solution to support secure, cost-effective, and high-capacity wireless access for the future telecommunication systems. Unfortunately, the band...
As the traditional generation is gradually replaced by inverter-based resources, a lack of rotational inertia is now a common issue of modern power systems, which leads to an increasingly larger rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) following contingen...
The integration of optical and wireless networks increases mobility and capacity and decreases costs in access networks. Fibre optic communication can be considered optical communication that combines the methodologies of two communications, and it m...
Ginsenoside Ro (Ro), a major saponin derived and isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, exerts multiple biological activities. However, the anti-tumour efficacy of Ro remains unclear because of its poor in vitro effects. In this study, we confirmed...
The high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) issue incurred by the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into a modern power system significantly threatens the grid security, and thus needs to be carefully examined in the operational plannin...
The integration of sustainable indicators into supply-chain management (SCM), including cost, innovation capability, quality, service capability, long-term cooperation, environmental management system, pollution reduction, green image, social respons...
Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) integrated with Free-Space Optical (FSO) communication as a fronthaul is a promising solution for next-generation wireless systems, but severely suffers from the frequency-selective characteristics of hybrid RoF-FSO channels. T...
The increasing penetration of wind power has made coordinated support from wind generation and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) increasingly important for maintaining frequency stability in low-inertia power systems. However, existing wind&ndas...
For W-band long-range mm-wave wireless transmission systems, nonlinearity issues resulting from photoelectric devices, optical fibers, and wireless power amplifiers can be handled by deep learning equalization algorithms. In addition, the PS techniqu...
The total variation regularization (TVR) is one of the methods widely used for numerical differentiation of noisy signals. In this method, an appropriate value must be assigned to the regularization parameter. Although various approaches have been pr...
Fractional Differential inclusions, the multivalued version of fractional differential equations, yellow play a vital role in various fields of applied sciences. In the present article, a class of q-rung orthopair fuzzy (q-ROF) set valued mappings al...
Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has attracted wide attention as wireless spectral efficiency has become a 6G key performance indicator. The distributed scheme improves the spectral efficiency and user fairness, but the frontha...
The rapid development of 6G wireless networks requires ultra-high data rates that traditional microwave frequencies cannot support. Photonics-assisted terahertz (THz) technologies offer a promising solution by combining high-capacity optical fibers w...
In this study, we examined the effect of phase noise on the optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in a dense wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (DWDM-RoF) system. A single modulator was used to generate the optical mm-wave signal in...
As q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS) theory can effectively express complex fuzzy information, this study explores its application to social network environments and proposes a social network group decision-making (SNGDM) method based on the q-ROFS...
Background: Postural stability (PS) problems arise as individuals grow older, and as a result, risk of falling (RoF) increases in older adults. We sought to examine the effects of insoles of various thicknesses on PS and RoF in older adults. Methods:...
This contribution deals with introducing the innovative concept of extended fuzzy set (E-FS), in which the S-norm function of membership and non-membership grades is less than or equal to one. The proposed concept not only encompasses the concept of...
In this article, we simulate a converged 5G mm-wave analogue radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) system at 60 GHz, and perform offline signal processing to equalize the dispersive optical link with the three most frequently employed algorithms, i.e., the simple...
The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS), which is the extension of intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), satisfies the sum of q-th power of membership degree and nonmembership degree is limited 1. Evidently, the q-ROFS can d...
To enable mains-free wireless access in confined environments such as tunnels and mines, this paper proposes and experimentally demonstrates a converged power-over-fiber (PoF) and analog radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) system over a single standard single-m...
The height of the water-flow fracture zone (WFZ) is an important reference for designing the size of a waterproof crown pillar. Once the WFZ is connected with the sea, there will be catastrophic consequences, especially for undersea mining. This stud...
(1) T-2 toxin synthesized by Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) can cause deterioration of dried fish and endanger human health. (2) The molecular mechanism by which antibacterial lipopeptides surfactin inhibited F. oxysporum growth and toxin producti...
We propose a ring oscillator (RO) based current-to-voltage-to-frequency (I–V–F) converting current transducer with a cascade bias circuit. The I–V–F converting scheme guarantees highly stable biasing against RO, with a rail-to...
The increasing integration of wind power reduces the equivalent inertia of power systems, leading to lower frequency nadirs and higher rate of change of frequency following disturbances. In Type-4 wind turbine systems, conventional maximum power poin...
The radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology has been widely studied during the past decades to extend the wireless communication coverage by leveraging the low-loss and broad bandwidth advantages of the optical fiber. With the increasing need for wireless...
D-band (110–170 GHz) has been regarded as a potential candidate for the future 6G wireless network because of its large available bandwidth. At present, the lack of electrical amplifiers operating in the high frequency band and the strong nonli...
This paper demonstrates an unprecedented novel neural network (NN)-based digital predistortion (DPD) solution to overcome the signal impairments and nonlinearities in Analog Optical fronthauls using radio over fiber (RoF) systems. DPD is realized wit...
The transition toward low-inertia power systems has increased interest in grid-forming (GFM) inverters as sources of power system voltage and frequency stability support. However, existing studies in the literature evaluate frequency performance metr...
In this study we propose a measure of the entropy of the norm (R, S) for q-row orthopair fuzzy sets (qROFS). The proposed entropy measure is validated both theoretically and practically to ensure validity. We also propose a simple methodology for the...
Radio-over-fiber (RoF) links successfully provide high data rates and bandwidth capacity with a low complexity system architecture, as compared to its counterpart digital-RoF. In addition, the compound of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and ort...
Various biomolecules induce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation or NETosis. However, the effect of fatty acids on NETosis has not been clearly established. In this study, we focused on the NETosis-inducing ability of several lipid molecules...
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