The deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) remains challenging and time consuming due to the manual commissioning, configuration, and maintenance of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Achieving precise network-wide time syn...
Efficient and secure inter-task communication (ITC) is critical in real-time embedded systems, particularly in security-sensitive architectures. Traditional ITC mechanisms in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOSs) often incur high latency from kernel tr...
The proper design of RTO systems’ structure and critical diagnosis tools is neglected in commercial RTO software and poorly discussed in the literature. In a previous article, Quelhas et al. (Can J Chem Eng., 2013, 91, 652–668) have reviewed the conc...
The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is widely adopted to ensure end-to-end reliability in resource-constrained Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, CoAP’s default retransmission timeout...
23 October 2026
The choice between a bare-metal super-loop and a lightweight real-time operating system (RTOS) in embedded development has traditionally been made informally. As concurrent workloads such as TinyML inference and hard-deadline sensor tasks are consoli...
The current trend in real-time operating systems involves executing many tasks using a limited hardware platform. Thus, a single processor system has to execute multiple tasks with different priorities in different real-time system (RTS) work modes....
The task context switch operation, the inter-task synchronization and communication mechanisms, as well as the jitter occurred in treating aperiodic events, are crucial factors in implementing real-time operating systems (RTOS). In practice and liter...
The rapid proliferation of small satellite missions demands flight software that combines reliability, reusability, and rapid development cycles. NASA’s Core Flight System (cFS), with its layered architecture and component-based design, offers...
In this paper, an improved 100 CMM regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) is implemented for low-emission combustion. The existing RTO system is a cylindrical drum structure that cyclically introduces and discharges VOC gas into and from the rotating di...
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies have become an effective approach for continuous monitoring of bridge infrastructures. However, many wireless monitoring systems relying on LoRaWAN or contentio...
With the rapid development of Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) systems, traditional industrial communication protocols fail to meet the requirements for high real-time performance and reliability. To address these challenges, an open five-axis CN...
Message Queuing Telemetry Transport for Sensor Networks (MQTT-SN) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) are two protocols supporting publish/subscribe models for IoT devices to publish messages to interested subscribers. Retransmission mechanis...
The rise of new digital technologies and their applications in several areas pushes the process industry to update its methodologies with more intensive use of mathematical models—commonly denoted as digital twins—and artificial intelligence (AI) app...
Coal mine gas with methane concentrations below 8% cannot sustain stable self-combustion, posing significant challenges for safe utilization and greenhouse gas mitigation. To address this limitation, we developed a large-scale industrial square rotar...
In electrical engineering problems, bio- and nature-inspired optimization techniques are valuable ways to minimize or maximize an objective function. We use the root tree algorithm (RTO), inspired by the random movement of roots, to search for the gl...
RISC-V offers a modular technical approach combined with an open, royalty-free instruction set architecture (ISA). However, despite its advantages as a fundamental building block for many embedded systems, the escalating complexity and functional dem...
This paper discusses the problems associated with the implementation of Real Time Optimization/Model Predictive Control (RTO/MPC) systems, taking as reference the hydrogen distribution network of an oil refinery involving eighteen plants. This paper...
This work discusses what should be the desirable path and correct tools for the optimal re-design and operation of processes in the Industry 4.0 framework, as illustrated in a challenging case study corresponding to a complex network of evaporation p...
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a severe autoimmune disorder, occurs in patients undergoing heparin therapy. The presence of platelet-activating antibodies against platelet factor 4/Heparin in the blood confirms patients suffering from HIT. T...
There are various tools for real-time data acquisition and analysis of high-frequency signals. Usually, the tools for data acquisition and analysis are incompatible with each other, expensive, or require the utilization of various technologies. Desig...
Real-time operating systems (RTOSs) are widely used in embedded systems to ensure deterministic task execution, predictable responses, and concurrent operations, which are crucial for time-sensitive applications. However, the growing complexity of em...
In the context of real-time control systems, it has become possible to obtain temporal resolutions of microseconds due to the development of embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT), the optimization of the use of processor hardware, and the...
IoT-based applications operate in a client–server architecture, which requires a specific communication protocol. This protocol is used to establish the client–server communication model, allowing all clients of the system to perform spec...
In order to improve the automation and safety of underground steel belt support in coal mines, a method for the intelligent identification and positioning of steel belt anchor holes in roadway support using inductive sensors is proposed. Using STM32F...
Multimedia services will play a prominent role in the next generation of internet. With increasing real time requirements, internet technology has to provide Quality of Service (QoS) for various kinds of real time streaming services. When the bandwid...
Ventilation air methane (VAM) oxidation in regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) can substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from underground coal mines, but its environmental effectiveness depends on the operational energy demand. This s...
Consolidating tasks to a smaller number of electronic control units (ECUs) is an important strategy for optimizing costs and resources in the automotive industry. In our research, we aim to enable ECU consolidation by migrating tasks at runtime betwe...
This paper explores cybersecurity risk modeling for open data in Smart City environments, with a specific case study focused on the Hradec Kralove Region. The goal is to establish a cybersecurity baseline through automated analysis using extended BPM...
This work presents the design and prototyping of two reconfigurable BLE-based devices developed to overcome the limitations of commercial platforms in terms of configurability, data transparency, and energy efficiency. The first is a wearable smart w...
In recent years, regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) has been widely used in the petroleum industry, chemical industry, etc. The massive storage required by solid waste has become a serious problem. Due to their chemical composition, bauxite tailings...
Symbolic execution of embedded systems faces path explosion, Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solver bottlenecks, interrupt nondeterminism, and environment modeling complexity. Recent artificial intelligence (AI)-guided approaches using reinforce...
This paper estimates potential changes in the total system cost (TSC) of decarbonization of two regional transmission organizations (RTOs) in the United States (U.S.)—Midcontinent Independent System Operator-North (MISO-N) and Southwest Power P...
The rising popularity of UAVs and other autonomous control systems coupled with real-time operating systems has increased the complexity of developing systems with the proper robustness, performance, and reactivity. The growing demand for more sophis...
Microcontroller-based embedded systems integrating multiple sensors are increasingly required to support continuous data acquisition, on-board processing, and long-term storage within tightly coupled hardware–software architectures. In such pla...
Chemical processes operate under time-varying economic conditions, such as changes in raw-material prices and market demand. Such changes may shift the economically optimal operating point. For high-dimensional systems, real-time optimization becomes...
As a subclass of nanosatellites, CubeSats have changed the game’s rules in the scientific research industry and the development of new space technologies. The main success factors are their cost effectiveness, relative ease of production, and p...
Multicore architecture is applied to contemporary avionics systems to deal with complex tasks. However, multicore architectures can cause interference by contention because the cores share hardware resources. This interference reduces the predictable...
Resource-constrained robotic platforms require localization estimators with predictable computational and memory costs. This paper presents the implementation and experimental characterization of a compact hybrid Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)–pa...
Recently, with the development of embedded system hardware technology, there is a need to support various kinds of operating system (OS) operation in embedded systems. In mobile processors, ARM started to provide the virtualization extension support...
Raising to Object (RtoObj), like other types of Raising configurations, features a determiner phrase (DP) in a dual-clausal relationship with both the matrix and the embedded clauses. RtoO is possible in English and a few other languages, most famous...
16 November 2019
Research and development organisations (RTOs) are at the heart of innovation systems. They help to connect innovation system actors to foster industrial innovation. Due to this intermediary role, they act as paradigmatic open innovation (OI) actors....
Machine learning has attracted extensive interest in the process engineering field, due to the capability of modeling complex nonlinear process behavior. This work presents a method for combining neural network models with first-principles models in...
A key research question that fits within the main objective is to identify the negative and positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the functional relationships between members of regional tourism organizations (RTOs) in Poland. The study consis...
During heat treatment of rectangular steel sections, a heated charge in the form of regularly arranged packages is placed in a furnace. The article presents a model of a complex heat transfer in such a package using the thermo-electric analogy. The m...
The ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) test is a screening method used to assess the stability of a reservoir for air-injection Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and to evaluate the oxidation behavior of oil samples. It provides valuable kinetic data for s...
MQTT-S and CoAP are two protocols able to use the publish/subscribe model in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The high scalability provided by the publish/subscribe model may incur a high packet loss and therefore requires an efficient reliability me...
This article investigates the causes of occasional flight instability observed in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The issue manifests as unexpected oscillations that can lead to emergency landings. The analysis focuses on delays in the Extended Kalm...
Within the past decade, the aerospace engineering industry has evolved beyond the constraints of using single, large, custom satellites. Due to the increased reliability and robustness of commercial, off-the-shelf printed circuit board components, mi...
Innovations in electric vehicle technology have led to a need for maximum energy storage in the energy source to provide some extra kilometers. The size of electric vehicles limits the size of the batteries, thus limiting the amount of energy that ca...
In developing countries today, population growth and the penetration of higher standard of living appliances in homes has resulted in a rapidly increasing residential load. In South Africa, the recent rolling blackouts and electricity price increase...
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