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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H1: Petroleum Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 8148

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yongwang Liu

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Guest Editor

Shandong Ultra-Deep Drilling Process Control Tech R&D Center, Qingdao, China
Interests: efficient rock breaking method and drilling speed increasing technology; theory and method of directional well trajectory control; development of drilling equipment and downhole tools; underground engineering/process principles and methods; new drilling technology and method

Prof. Dr. Kanhua Su

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Guest Editor

Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
Interests: deep drilling technology; coiled tubing drilling technology; mechanics of drill string; well control

Dr. Yuanxiu Sun

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Guest Editor

College of Petroleum Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, China
Interests: rock mechanics and engineering; enhanced oil recovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of the global oil and gas industry, the focus of oil and gas studies has rapidly extended from medium–shallow layers to deep and ultra-deep layers, and the types of resources used have drastically shifted from conventional to unconventional. Although some achievements have been made in deep oil and gas exploration in recent years, ultra-deep oil and gas resources in particular have become bottlenecks, restricting the large-scale development of the ultra-deep oil and gas industry due to the difficulty of drilling, complex development methods, large investments in technological research and development, and high production costs. The progress of drilling and production theory and engineering technology are integral to deep exploration and development; the development of deep oil and gas exploration especially depends on technological innovation. There is an urgent need to tackle key technical problems, such as excellent and fast drilling, under complex formation conditions and complex reservoir reconstructions, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the efficient exploration and development of the deep oil and gas industry. This Special Issue, entitled “Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology” proposed by the International Energy Journal (an SSCI and SCIE journal) solves a series of problems related to the challenges of deep oil and gas drilling and production. Therefore, researchers are invited to submit manuscripts. Topics that are suitable for this paper include efficient rock-breaking methods in deep, difficult-to-drill formations; directional drilling technology under complex conditions; wellbore stabilization technology at high-temperature and high-pressure formations; and reservoir fracturing reconstruction processes, etc. This Special Issue will also introduce other topics and new methods in the field of drilling and production. The papers selected for this Special Issue will be subject to strict peer-review procedures, in order to quickly and widely disseminate these research findings on the relevant developments and applications of deep oil and gas drilling and production.

Therefore, I invite you to submit your original works to this Special Issue. I look forward to receiving your outstanding research papers.

Dr. Yongwang Liu
Prof. Dr. Kanhua Su
Dr. Yuanxiu Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

efficient rock breaking
borehole trajectory control
bottom hole stability
reservoir reconstruction
project risk control
wellbore structure optimization
acid fracturing
downhole tools
EOR technology
dry hot rock development

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3053 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights on In Situ Combustion Modeling Based on a Ramped Temperature Oxidation Experiment for Oil Sand Bitumen

by Lyudmila Khakimova, Evgeny Popov and Alexey Cheremisin

Energies 2023, 16(18), 6738; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186738 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 680

Abstract

The ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) test is a screening method used to assess the stability of a reservoir for air-injection Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and to evaluate the oxidation behavior of oil samples. It provides valuable kinetic data for specific cases. The RTO test allows for the analysis of various characteristics, such as temperature evolution, peak temperatures, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide generation, oxidation and combustion front velocity, recovered and burned hydrocarbons, and residual coke. The adaptation of RTO experiments to in situ combustion (ISC) modeling involves validation and history matching based on numerical simulation of RTO tests, using 3D digital models of experimental setup. The objective is to estimate the kinetic parameters for a customized reaction model that accurately represents ISC. Within this research, the RTO test was provided for bitumen samples related to the Samara oil region. A 3D digital model of the RTO test is constructed using CMG STARS, a thermal hydrodynamic simulator. The model is designed with multiple layers and appropriate heating regimes to account for uncertainties in the experimental setup and to validate the numerical model. The insulation of the setup affects radial heat transfers and helps to control the observed temperature levels. The modified traditional reaction model incorporates thermal cracking of Asphaltenes, low-temperature oxidation (LTO) of Asphaltenes and Maltenes, and high-temperature combustion of coke. Additionally, the model incorporates high-temperature combustion of light oil in the vapor phase, which is generated through Asphaltenes cracking and LTO reactions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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27 pages, 5961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Model for the Real-Time Evaluation of Hole-Cleaning Conditions with Case Studies

by Mohammed Al-Rubaii, Mohammed Al-Shargabi and Dhafer Al-Shehri

Energies 2023, 16(13), 4934; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134934 - 25 Jun 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1314

Abstract

The main challenge in deviated and horizontal well drilling is hole cleaning, which involves the removal of drill cuttings and maintaining a clean borehole. Insufficient hole cleaning can lead to issues such as stuck pipe incidents, lost circulation, slow rate of penetration (ROP), difficult tripping operations, poor cementing, and formation damage. Insufficient advancements in real-time drilling evaluation for complex wells can also lead to drilling troubles and an increase in drilling costs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model for the hole-cleaning index (HCI) that could be integrated into drilling operations to provide an automated and real-time evaluation of deviated- and horizontal-drilling hole cleaning based on hydraulic and mechanical drilling parameters and drilling fluid rheological properties. This HCI model was validated and tested in the field in 3 wells, as it was applied when drilling 12.25″ intermediate directional sections and an 8.5″ liner directional section. The integration of the HCI in Well-A and Well-B helped achieve much better well drilling performance (50% ROP enhancement) and mitigate potential problems such as pipe sticking due to hole cleaning and the slower rate of penetration. Moreover, the HCI model was also able to identify hole-cleaning efficiency during a stuck pipe issue in Well-C, which highlights its potential usage as a real-time model for optimizing drilling performance and demonstrates its versatility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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16 pages, 6770 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Parameter Design Method and Motion Characteristics of a Ball Cage Flexible Joint

by Xiuxing Zhu, Yingpeng Xu, Weixia Zhou, Guigen Ye and Bo Zhou

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7591; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207591 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1359

Abstract

The flexible joint is an important part in ultra-short-radius drilling tools, and its structural parameters and motion characteristics are key factors affecting the success of drilling. In this work, a new type of ball cage flexible joint, which is applied in 5″ and 5.5″ cased wells, was proposed based on the working principle of the ball cage universal joint. A structural parameter design method for the ball cage flexible joint was established according to the geometric coordination relation and material strength theory. Using this new method, the length, diameter, and window size of the ball cage flexible joint were analyzed. The multi-body motion process was further analyzed using a multi-body dynamics method, and then the motion characteristics, such as impact contact force, isokinetic characteristics, transfer efficiency, deflection torque and so on, were studied. Based on the above analyses, the structural parameters of the designed joint were optimized by means of the orthogonal test method. Results demonstrate that the experimental ball cage flexible joint has excellent isokinetic transmission characteristic, which can effectively suppress vibration and shock caused by changes in rotational speed. The transmission efficiency of the structure was 89.8%, while the power loss rate was 0.102%. According to the orthogonal test analysis, the optimal structure of the flexible joint has a ball seat diameter of 80 mm, a ball head diameter of 62 mm, and a ball key diameter of 16 mm. It is important to note that the ball key diameter was the most influential factor on the flexible joint internal contact force. The ball key contact force varied periodically, and there was a significant phase difference between the contact forces of different balls. On the other hand, with an increase in the flexible joint working angle, the deflection torque increased gradually, and the vibration amplitude of the torque increased. This work can provide reference for the parameter optimization design of the new flexible joint. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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16 pages, 1947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Review and Development of Devices with an Increasing Rate of Penetration (ROP) in Deep Formation Drilling Based on Drill String Vibration

by Yongwang Liu, Yixiang Niu, Zhichuan Guan and Shuquan Lyu

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7377; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197377 - 8 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1326

Abstract

The oil and gas resources stored in deep strata are an important replacement field of the petroleum industry. Accelerating the exploration and development of deep oil and gas is of great significance to the security of energy strategy. Drilling is the primary link and necessary means of deep oil and gas exploration and development. Slow drilling speed is one of the key problems restricting the exploration and development of deep oil and gas. The research and development of down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP provides a technical means for increasing the ROP. However, the energy of existing down-hole equipment with an increasing ROP comes from the drilling circulation medium, and the ROP increase effect of such equipment is relatively obvious in shallow and middle formations. However, with the increase in well depth, energy in the circulation medium increasingly struggles to reach deeper formations, and the ROP increase effect is not good at the later stage of drilling. In the drilling process, drill string vibration is a frequently encountered complex situation, but it also contains sufficient energy, and the energy of drill string vibration will increase with an increase in the well depth, which can meet the energy demand of increasing the ROP in deep oil and gas exploration. This paper analyzes the characteristics of drill string vibration, and introduces six kinds of devices that take drill string vibration as energy and realize drill string vibration reduction, bottom-hole pressurization, and high-pressure pulse jet, providing a new idea for the development of deep down-hole speed-increasing devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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10 pages, 7756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increasing Drilling Speed by Absorption and Hydraulic Supercharging of Drill String in Formation Containing Hydrogen Sulfide: A Case Study

by Yongwang Liu, Xiaoyuan Chen, Yixiang Niu, Zhichuan Guan, Wei Wang and Chuanfu Liu

Energies 2022, 15(16), 5767; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165767 - 9 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1006

Abstract

Increasing drilling speed and shortening the well construction period are the goals of the drilling field. The use of downhole speed-up tools has been noted for its advantages such as no additional cost, no change in drilling equipment and no impact on normal drilling operations. However, conventional downhole speed-up tools cannot meet the needs when the drilled formation contains hydrogen sulfide. Then, the technology test on increasing drilling speed by absorption and hydraulic supercharging of drill string in hydrogen sulfide formation was carried out in well Wanweiye1 (WWY1), Anhui Province, China. The results show that: firstly, the speed-up device by absorption and hydraulic supercharging of drill string can be used in the formation containing hydrogen sulfide, and can still perform normal drilling operations with a hydrogen sulfide concentration of 567 ppm; secondly, the speed-up technology by absorption and hydraulic supercharging of drill string has a significant speed-raising effect in the region containing hydrogen sulfide and can raise the speed by 62.5% to 92.05%; thirdly, the speed-up device by absorption and hydraulic supercharging of drill string can meet the needs of high density killing fluid. Once the well WWY1 suffered an overflow, the device did not affect the killing operation when the killing fluid density reached 2.2 g/cm3 and killing time reached 104.8 h. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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17 pages, 3567 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-Time Detection of Karstification Hazards While Drilling in Carbonates

by Danil Maksimov, Alexey Pavlov and Sigbjørn Sangesland

Energies 2022, 15(14), 4951; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15144951 - 6 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1366

Abstract

The nature of carbonate deposition can cause the development of unique geological features such as cavities and vugs called karsts. Encountering karsts while drilling can lead to serious consequences. To improve drilling safety in intervals of karstification, it is important to detect karsts as early as possible. The use of state-of-the-art geophysical methods cannot guarantee early or even real-time detection of karsts or karstification zones. In this paper we demonstrate, based on an analysis of 20 wells drilled in karstified carbonates in the Barents Sea, that a karst that is dangerous for drilling is often surrounded by one or more other karstification objects, thus forming a karstification zone. These zones can be detected in real time through certain patterns in drillstring mechanics and mud flow measurements. They can serve as indicators of intervals with a high likelihood of encountering karsts. The identified patterns corresponding to various karstification objects are summarized in a table and can be used by drilling engineers. Apart from that, these patterns can also be utilized for training machine learning algorithms for the automatic detection of karstification zones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Deep Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Technology)

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