165 Results Found

A simple method for selective phosphorylation of ribityl containing starting materials to afford FMN derivatives is presented. The method is in particular valuable for the synthesis of labile FMN derivatives.

Free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is metabolized to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and adenine monophosphate (AMP) by hydrolases and to 4′,5′-cyclic phosphoriboflavin (cFMN) and AMP by the triose kinase FMN cyclase (TKFC). Yet, the lack...

Triokinase/FMN cyclase (TKFC) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both ATP-dependent triose phosphorylation and the formation of riboflavin 4′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cFMN) from FAD, thereby linking fructose and flavin metabolism through...

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) derived from Vitamin B2, a bio-based fluorescent water-soluble molecule with visible yellow-green fluorescence, has been used in the scope of producing photoluminescent and glow-in-the-dark patterned polyester (PET) nonwov...

Metabolic FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging) is used to image bioenergetic status in cells and tissue. Whereas an attribution of the fluorescence lifetime of coenzymes as an indicator for cell metabolism is mainly accepted, it is debated whether th...

In mammals and in yeast the conversion of Riboflavin (RF) into flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is catalysed by the sequential action of two enzymes: an ATP:riboflavin kinase (RFK) and an ATP:FMN adenylyltransferase (...

Human triokinase/flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cyclase (hTKFC) catalyzes the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent phosphorylation of D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone (DHA), and the cyclizing splitting of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). hTKFC...

Enzymatic decarboxylation and carboxylation are emerging as prospective processes to produce high-value compounds under mild conditions. Ferulic acid decarboxylase Fdc1 catalyzes broad substrate tolerance against α, β-unsaturated carboxyli...

The 18-exon human TKFC gene codes for dual-activity triokinase and FMN cyclase (TKFC) in an ORF, spanning from exon 2 to exon 18. In addition to TKFC-coding transcripts (classified as tkfc type by their intron-17 splice), databases contain evidence f...

UbiD-family decarboxylases, named after the UbiD decarboxylase involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis, require prenylated flavin mononucleotide (prFMN), and efficient formation of the catalytically competent cofactor can limit their functional expressio...

Bifunctional FAD synthases (FADSs) catalyze FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavinadenine dinucleotide) biosynthesis at their C-riboflavin kinase (RFK) and N-FMN:adenylyltransferase (FMNAT) modules, respectively. Biophysical properties and requi...

Antibiotic resistance remains a pressing global concern, with most antibiotics targeting the bacterial ribosome or a limited range of proteins. One class of underexplored antibiotic targets is bacterial riboswitches, structured RNA elements that regu...

Background/Objectives: Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) improves graft preservation in whole liver transplantation, yet evidence supporting its use in split grafts for pediatric transplantation remains limited. Mitochondrial injury assessed du...

Ex situ machine perfusion has emerged as a pivotal technique for organ preservation and pre-transplant viability assessment, where the real-time monitoring of mitochondrial biomarkers—flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and nicotinamide adenine dinucle...

The Pden_5119 protein oxidizes NADH with oxygen under mediation by the bound flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and may be involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox pool. In biochemical characterization, the curve of the pH-rate dependence was bell-...

A comprehensive assessment of allograft quality is essential for predicting successful transplantation and graft survival. Elevated levels of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in perfusate obtained during hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) may serve a...

Background and Objectives: Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is an effective technique to improve recipient outcomes. However, no valid methods for determining liver viability exist. Identifying relevant biological markers with clinical correlati...

The results of time-resolved fluorescence measurements of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in rigid polyvinyl alcohol films (PVA) demonstrate that fluorescence intensity decays are strongly accelerated in the presence of fluorescent dimers and nonradiativ...

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CYPOR) provides electrons to all human microsomal cytochrome P450s (cyt P450s). The length and sequence of the “140s” FMN binding loop of CYPOR has been shown to be a key determinant of its redox potential and activity with...

Flavodoxins, which exist widely in microorganisms, have been found in various pathways with multiple physiological functions. The flavodoxin (Fld) containing the cofactor flavin mononucleotide (FMN) from sulfur-reducing bacteria Desulfovibrio gigas (...

We examined the effects of caffeic acid (CA) and related compounds on 7-carboxyheptyl radical formation. This analysis was performed using a standard D₂O reaction mixture containing 4.3 mM oleic acid, 25 μM flavin mononucleotide (FMN), 160 mM phosph...

Paracoccus denitrificans ArsH is encoded by two identical genes located in two distinct putative arsenic resistance (ars) operons. Escherichia coli-produced recombinant N-His₆-ArsH was characterized both structurally and kinetically. The X-ray struct...

Background: the SLC52A2 gene encodes for the riboflavin transporter 2 (RFVT2). This transporter is ubiquitously expressed. It mediates the transport of Riboflavin across cell membranes. Riboflavin plays a crucial role in cells since its biologically...

Time-resolved femtosecond-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) provides valuable information on the structural dynamics of biomolecules. However, FSRS has been applied mainly up to the nanoseconds regime and above 700 cm⁻¹, which covers only pa...

Mitochondria are the repository for various metabolites involved in diverse energy-generating processes, like the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides, which rely significantly on flavoenzy...

Using highly purified enzyme preparations throughout, initial kinetic studies demonstrated that the isoenzymic 2,5- and 3,6-diketocamphane mono-oxygenases from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17453 and the LuxAB luciferase from Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744 exhi...

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are essential cofactors for enzymes, which catalyze a broad spectrum of vital reactions. This paper intends to compile all potential FAD/FMN-binding proteins encoded by the genome of A...

The activity of microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYP) is strictly dependent on the supply of electrons provided by NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR). The variant nature of the isoform-specific proximal interface of microsomal CYPs implies that t...

The last step in the biosynthesis of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is considered a target for the design of antimicrobial drugs because it is carried out by two non-homologous proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. Monofunctional FMN:...

Ene reductases, belonging to the Old Yellow Enzyme (OYE) family, are widely used for biocatalysis. The OYE from Thermus scotoductus SA-01 (TsOYE) gained great attention due to its broad substrate scope, high stereoselectivity, thermostability, and ca...

FAD synthase (FADS, EC 2.7.7.2) is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway that converts riboflavin into the redox cofactor, FAD. Human FADS is organized in two domains: -the 3'phosphoadenosine 5'phosphosulfate (PAPS) reductase domain, similar to yeast...

FAD synthase (FADS, or FMN:ATP adenylyl transferase) coded by the FLAD1 gene is the last enzyme in the pathway of FAD synthesis. The mitochondrial isoform 1 and the cytosolic isoform 2 are characterized by the following two domains: the C-terminal PA...

Antimicrobial drug resistance has emerged as a significant challenge in contemporary medicine due to the proliferation of numerous bacterial strains resistant to all existing antibiotics. Meanwhile, riboswitches have emerged as promising targets for...

Azo dyes are commonly used in many commercial industries. Some of the azo dyes can produce carcinogenic compounds after being metabolized by azoreductase. Several human intestinal microbiota possess azoreductase activity which plays an important role...

The use of lactic acid bacteria for developing functional foods is increasing for their ability to synthesize beneficial metabolites such as vitamin B (riboflavin, RF) and postbiotic compounds. Here, the spontaneous mutant FS54 B2 was isolated by tre...

Riboflavin serves as a precursor for flavocoenzymes (FMN and FAD) and is essential for all living organisms. The two committed enzymatic steps of riboflavin biosynthesis are performed in plants by bifunctional RIBA enzymes comprised of GTP cyclohydro...

Most in vitro iron mobilization studies from ferritin have been performed in aqueous buffered solutions using a variety of reducing substances. The kinetics of iron mobilization from ferritin in a medium that resembles the complex milieu of cells cou...

Despite advances in liver machine perfusion (MP), ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a major challenge in liver transplantation, with energetic stress and mitochondrial dysfunction recognized as key drivers of damage exacerbation. We inv...

Diesel fuel is among the most persistent petroleum-derived pollutants in soils, posing long-term ecological and toxicological risks, especially in cold-climate regions where natural degradation is limited. Reliable assessment of diesel-contaminated s...

Background: Uterus transplantation (UTx) is an emerging treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. However, the use of deceased donors is limited, and donation after circulatory death (DCD) has not yet been utilized. Ischemic injury remains a...

Background/Objectives: The rising use of liver grafts from donation after circulatory death (DCD) has been enabled by advances in normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) and machine perfusion (MP) technologies. We aimed to identify predictive biomarker...

Azoreductases reduce the azo bond (N=N) in azo dyes to produce colorless amine products. Crude cell extracts from Enterococcus faecalis have been shown to utilize both NADH and NADPH as electron donors for azo dye reduction. An azoreductase was purif...

Background: Natural isoflavones are recognized for their diverse pharmacological activities; however, their low aqueous solubility presents a significant challenge for further development. Here, we aimed to develop a cocrystal of formononetin (FMN) t...

The mineral composition of Fe–Mn nodules (FMNs) is closely related to the environment in which FMNs are formed. The formation mechanism of FMNs has consistently been one of the major topics in related research. In this study, the mineral compos...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease for which no effective treatment currently exists. In this study, we identified formononetin (FMN), a neuroprotective component found in herbal medicines such as Astragalus membr...

Fine mesh nets (FMNs) are commonly used as a mulch material to control soil erosion in construction spoil deposits. Here, three rainfall intensities (60–120 mm·h⁻¹) and seven slope gradients (5–35°) were considered in rel...

The ferromanganese nodules (FMNs) developing in soils of karst regions are naturally characterized by high heavy metal(loid)s contents due to several geological factors. Soil FMNs can considerably influence the geochemical behaviors of soil heavy met...

Melanoma is the most invasive and lethal skin cancer. Recently, PD-1/PD-L1 pathway modulation has been applied to cancer therapy due to its remarkable clinical efficacy. SH003, a mixture of natural products derived from Astragalus membranaceus, Angel...

Tetracycline (TC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic compound. Wastewater with TC may have an adverse effect on ecosystems. Riboflavin-5′-phosphate (FMN or flavin mononucleotide) is a non-toxic product of the phosphorylation of vitamin B₂ and is re...

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is associated with estrogen deficiency and oxidative stress (OS), which impair osteoblast survival and osteogenic function. Formononetin (FMN) is a phytoestrogen with antioxidant properties, but its protective effec...