Two-dimensional cellular automata (CA) models are widely used for wildfire simulation due to their clean representation of environment and fire mechanics and their computational efficiency. In this review we describe the mechanisms through which fore...
A unified WebGIS platform for wildfire simulation and visualization is presented, integrating three coupled physical models: HDWind for wind field computation, PhyFire for wildfire spread, and PhyNX for smoke plume dispersion. The system includes pre...
Cellular automata-based wildfire simulation models are widely used to support fire management, risk assessment, and operational decision-making, due to their efficiency and computational advantages. However, the accuracy of these models heavily depen...
While geostationary satellites can provide continuous near-real-time observations, their low spatial resolution makes it difficult to detect small wildfires. Conversely, polar-orbiting satellites are capable of observing small wildfires at high spati...
Wildfires are complex phenomena, both in time and space, in ecosystems. The ability to understand wildfire dynamics and to predict the behaviour of the propagating fire is essential and at the same time a challenging practice. A common approach to in...
In recent years, forest fires have occurred frequently, and extremely high temperatures can easily cause plastic deformation of buried pipelines. To clarify the temperature-stress variation law of natural gas pipelines under wildfire action, this stu...
A key challenge in real-time wildfire simulation is data acquisition from dynamic sources, such as user-submitted data collected via mobile phones. Information obtained from firefighting personnel in the field, or even bystanders, typically outperfor...
The wildfire regime in Portugal has been responsible for millions of hectares of burnt area, and Alvares parish is no exception. In 2017, a severe wildfire burnt 60% of its area. Land abandonment has been increasing since the mid 20th century, and a...
Background: Wildfire modelers rely on Monte Carlo simulations of wildland fire to produce burn probability maps. These simulations are computationally expensive. Methods: We study the application of importance sampling to accelerate the estimation of...
Wildfire propagation is a non-linear and multiscale system in which multiple physical and chemical processes are involved. One critical mechanism in the spread of wildfires is so-called fire-spotting: a random phenomenon that occurs when embers are t...
Wildfires have become a common incident over the past decades, and they have been threatening people’s lives and assets. In the communities close to wildlands or wildland–urban interfaces (WUI), these threats become increasingly serious,...
Wildfires occur frequently in various regions of the world, causing serious damage to natural and human resources. Traditional wildfire prevention and management methods are often hampered by monitoring challenges and low efficiency. Digital twin tec...
We analyzed wildfire hazard profiles across the Hyrcanian temperate forests of northern Iran (Guilan Province) by simulating a large set of wildfires with FlamMap MTT. We first derived geospatial data on terrain, fuel models, weather conditions, and...
10 August 2022
In this work, we will present the transboundary wildfire simulation system used to analyze fine-scale (100-m resolution) wildfire hazard and exposure in the regions of the Italy–France Maritime cooperation area (Sardinia, Corsica, Tuscany, Ligu...
Conventional wildfire assessment products emphasize regional-scale ignition likelihood and potential spread derived from fuels and weather. While useful for broad planning, they do not directly support boundary-aware, scenario-specific decision-makin...
The Aullene fire devastated more than 3000 ha of Mediterranean maquis and pine forest in July 2009. The simulation of combustion processes, as well as atmospheric dynamics represents a challenge for such scenarios because of the various involved scal...
This work presents an algorithm for an Aerial Sensor Network (ASN) composed of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that performs surveillance and detects the early signs of a wildfire in a given territory. The main goal is to cover a given are...
Current methods of predicting fire spread in Canadian forests are suited to large wildfires that spread through natural forests. Recently, the use of mechanical and thinning treatments of forests in the wildland-urban interface of Canada has increase...
Wildfire simulations depend on fuel representation. Present fuel models are mainly based on the density and properties of different vegetation types. This study aims to improve the accuracy of WRF-Fire wildfire simulations, by using synthetic-apertur...
Wildfire is a sudden and highly destructive natural disaster that poses significant challenges in terms of response and rescue efforts. Influenced by factors such as climate, combustible materials, and ignition sources, wildfires have been increasing...
In the current context of extreme wildfires, understanding fire behavior at a territorial level has proven crucial for territory planning. This type of analysis is usually conducted by analyzing past wildfire statistics. In this study, we forego the...
Climate change has intensified wildfire risk, creating an urgent need for integrated, data-driven tools that connect forest operations with fuel-reduction strategies. This paper introduces a real-time IoT-enabled Decision Support System (DSS) that un...
Alaska has witnessed a significant increase in wildfire events in recent decades that have been linked to drier and warmer summers. Forest fuel maps play a vital role in wildfire management and risk assessment. Freely available multispectral datasets...
Wildfires spread rapidly and cause considerable ecological and socioeconomic losses. Inner Mongolia is among the regions in China that suffer the most from wildfires. A simple, effective model that uses fewer parameters to simulate wildfire spread is...
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers several opportunities in wildfire management, particularly for improving short- and long-term fire occurrence forecasting, spread modeling, and decision-making. When properly adapted beyond research into real-world...
Wildfires increasingly threaten human life, ecosystems, and infrastructure, with events like the 2025 Palisades and Eaton fires in Los Angeles County underscoring the urgent need for more advanced prediction frameworks. Existing physics-based and dee...
In Mediterranean agropastoral areas, land abandonment is a key driver of wildfire risk as fuel load and continuity increase. To gain insights into the potential impacts of land abandonment on wildfire risk in fire-prone areas, a fire-spread modeling...
This paper presents a numerical investigation of the impact of a wind-driven surface fire, comparable to a large wildfire, on an obstacle located downstream of the fire source. The numerical modelling was conducted using FireFOAM, a coupled fire-atmo...
Forest landscape configurations in Mediterranean regions often promote fuel continuity, low structural heterogeneity, and inefficient spatial allocation of fuel treatments, increasing wildfire intensity and spread. This study improves wildfire risk m...
Wildfires and their long-term impacts on the environment have become a major concern in the last few decades, in which climate change and enhanced anthropogenic activities have gradually led to increasingly frequent events of such hazards or disaster...
10 August 2022
The impacts of wildfires have been increasing in the Mediterranean Basin, and Portugal recently experienced some of the most extreme fire seasons on record. It is urgent to shift wildfire management goals by re-balancing wildfire suppression and miti...
We integrated a mechanistic wildfire simulation system with an agent-based landscape change model to investigate the feedbacks among climate change, population growth, development, landowner decision-making, vegetative succession, and wildfire. Our g...
Predicting where the next large-scale wildfire event will occur can help fire management agencies better prepare for taking preventive actions and improving suppression efficiency. Wildfire simulations can be useful in estimating the spread and behav...
Fixed-time-step updating and cell-level states in cellular automaton (CA) models can limit representation of directional travel times and within-cell fire-front progression. This study extends a CA-based wildfire spread framework by combining first-a...
The Yeongnam wildfires in March 2025 destroyed over 40 temple halls across five Buddhist monasteries in South Korea, exposing a critical gap in wildfire management for mountain-sited cultural heritage: the existing approaches rely on static hazard ma...
Understanding where and why wildfires occur is essential for assessing fire danger and supporting mitigation strategies. This study proposes a spatiotemporal map to represent wildfire activity and support fire danger assessment in two fire-prone regi...
Simulating wildfires in large areas is commonly achieved by methods based on cellular automata (CA), especially when the available computational resources are limited. However, the discrete nature of CA, in both the space and time domains, often lead...
PROPAGATOR is a stochastic cellular automaton model for forest fire spread simulation, conceived as a rapid method for fire risk assessment. The model uses high-resolution information such as topography and vegetation cover considering different type...
Wildland fires cause economic and ecological damage with devastating consequences, including loss of life. To reduce these risks, numerous fire detection and recognition systems using deep learning techniques have been developed. However, the limited...
In many fire-prone watersheds, wildfire threatens surface drinking water sources with eroded contaminants. We evaluated the potential to mitigate the risk of degraded water quality by limiting fire sizes and contaminant loads with a containment netwo...
This study documents the design, development, and evaluation of a purpose-built aerial firefighting fleet optimized for diverse wildfire suppression environments as part of the COLOSSUS project’s X-Challenge. The multidisciplinary effort encomp...
In this paper, we propose an agent-based approach for the evaluation of Multiple Unmanned Autonomous Vehicle (MUAV) wildfire monitoring systems for remote and hard-to-reach areas. Emerging environmental factors are causing a higher number of wildfire...
Natural disasters like hurricanes, wildfires, and floods pose immediate hazards. Such events often necessitate prompt emergency evacuations to save lives and reduce fatalities, injuries, and property damage. This study focuses on optimizing wildfire...
Wildfires frequently occur, posing a significant threat to the operational stability of transmission lines across mountainous forest areas. Therefore, this paper reviews numerous studies conducted by domestic and international scholars on the gap bre...
This study theoretically investigates the role of plant moisture content and its spatial heterogeneity in wildfire dynamics using Cellular Automata models. The model incorporates varying moisture levels and ignition probabilities across different gri...
Wildfires are increasingly recognized as a climatological hazard, able to threaten industrial and critical infrastructure safety and operations and lead to Natech disasters. Future projections of exacerbated fire regimes increase the likelihood of Na...
The increasing severity of global wildfires requires advanced suppression strategies to mitigate impacts on the environment and human life. This work investigates the applicability of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) to aerial wildfire suppr...
As fire frequency and severity grow throughout the world, scientists working across a range of disciplines will increasingly need to incorporate wildfire models into their research. However, fire simulators tend to be highly complex, time-consuming t...
Natural disturbances, such as fire and insect outbreaks, play important roles in natural forest dynamics, which are characterized over long time scales by changes in stand composition and structure. Individual-based forest simulators could help expla...
Managing forests has been demonstrated to be an efficient strategy for fragmenting fuels and for reducing fire spread rates and severity. However, large-scale analyses to examine operational aspects of implementing different forest management scenari...
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