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Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F6: High Voltage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 1447

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chuyan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Interests: external insulation; insulating material; discharge phenomenon and mechanism; flashover performance of insulators; insulation system of UHVDC
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xiaobo Meng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: high voltage and insulation technology; electrical engineering materials; organic composite materials; surface and gas discharge
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hao Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic Information, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
Interests: high voltage and insulation technology; condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology of power transmission and transformation equipment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: high voltage and insulation technology; electrical engineering materials; explosion mechanics and vibration mechanics of electrical equipment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We cordially invite you to submit your research papers, communications or review articles to the Special Issue entitled “Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC: 2nd Edition”.

The insulation system is an important part of a HVDC transmission and transformation project, which is the main engineering means to utilize and absorb new energies. The reliability of the insulation system directly affects the safety and economy of equipment and power grids. In recent years, the aging and breakdown of dielectric materials under DC voltage, the design and manufacture of HVDC insulation equipment, the interaction characteristics between insulation system and its working environment, detection and diagnosis methods of HVDC insulation, the special impact of the DC electric field on insulation, etc., have attracted extensive attention. Moreover, the applications of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data in HVDC systems are also interesting topics for power and energy researchers.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the phenomenon, theory, design, modelling, application, and condition monitoring of all types of insulation systems including materials, devices, and projects.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Insulating materials for HVDC systems;
  • HVDC cable insulation;
  • Insulators for HVDC transmission lines;
  • Air gap insulation in HVDC projects;
  • HVDC insulation system under extreme conditions;
  • Detection and diagnosis of insulation system in HVDC;
  • Discharge phenomenon of HVDC insulation system;
  • Design and maintenance of HVDC insulation system;
  • Insulation system of UHV converter transformer;
  • Insulation system of DC electronic equipment;
  • Application of AI in HVDC insulation system.

We are looking forward to receiving your outstanding work for this Special Issue.

Dr. Chuyan Zhang
Prof. Dr. Xiaobo Meng
Dr. Hao Yang
Dr. Zhong Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • insulation system
  • insulating material
  • HVDC cable
  • HVDC insulator
  • discharge
  • detection and diagnosis
  • insulation design
  • aging
  • breakdown
  • dielectric
  • AI in high voltage

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5823 KiB  
Article
Research on Diagnostic Methods for Zero-Value Insulators in 110 kV Transmission Lines Based on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Electric Fields
by Lei Zheng, Pengxiang Yin, Jian Li, Hui Liu, Tao Li and Hao Luo
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061534 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 255
Abstract
Porcelain insulators in power systems are subject to prolonged mechanical and electrical loads, as well as environmental factors such as climate variations. These conditions often lead to degradation of insulation performance and structural damage, resulting in a decrease in insulation resistance and the [...] Read more.
Porcelain insulators in power systems are subject to prolonged mechanical and electrical loads, as well as environmental factors such as climate variations. These conditions often lead to degradation of insulation performance and structural damage, resulting in a decrease in insulation resistance and the formation of cracks, which in turn produce “zero-value” insulators. The presence of zero-value insulators significantly increases the risk of pollution flashovers and electrical arcing, with flashover occurrences possible even under normal operating voltages. This poses a severe threat to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This study develops a high-fidelity simulation model of insulator strings containing zero-value defects for a 110 kV transmission line. The impact of variations in the position and quantity of zero-value insulators on the spatial electric field distribution is analyzed in detail. Based on the electric field changes, a detection method for zero-value insulators is proposed. Additionally, a prediction model for the electric field strength of insulators with zero-value defects is developed using a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network. A spatial electric field distribution database for insulator strings containing zero-value defects is also established. The accuracy of the model is validated through laboratory testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC: 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 5171 KiB  
Article
Research on Fault Detection Technology for Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism Combinations Based on Deep Residual Networks
by Hongping Shao, Yizhe Jiang, Jianeng Zhao, Xueteng Li, Mingzhan Zhang, Mingkun Yang, Xinyu Wang and Hao Yang
Energies 2025, 18(5), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051154 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 459
Abstract
Due to the complex mechanical structure of the spring-operated mechanism, its failure mechanisms often exhibit a multi-faceted nature, involving various potential failure sources. Therefore, conducting a failure mechanism analysis for multi-source faults in such systems is essential. This study focuses on the design [...] Read more.
Due to the complex mechanical structure of the spring-operated mechanism, its failure mechanisms often exhibit a multi-faceted nature, involving various potential failure sources. Therefore, conducting a failure mechanism analysis for multi-source faults in such systems is essential. This study focuses on the design of composite faults in combination operating mechanisms and develops simulation scenarios with varying levels of fault severity. Given the challenges of traditional simulation methods in performing quantitative analysis of core jamming faults and the susceptibility of the core’s motion trajectory to external interference, this paper innovatively installs a spring-damping device at the extended core position. This ensures that, during the simulation of core jamming faults, the motion trajectory remains stable and unaffected by external factors, while also enabling precise control over the degree of jamming. As a result, the simulation more accurately reflects real fault conditions, thereby enhancing the accuracy and practicality of diagnostic model outcomes. This study employs the Morlet wavelet transform to convert the current and displacement signals in the time series into time-frequency spectrograms. These spectrograms are then processed using the ResNet50 deep residual neural network for feature extraction and fault classification. The results demonstrate that, when addressing the diagnostic problem of small-sample data for operating mechanism faults, ResNet50, with its residual structure design, exhibits significant advantages. The convolutional layer strategy, which first performs dimensionality reduction followed by dimensionality expansion, combined with the use of the ReLU activation function, contributes to superior performance. This approach achieves a fault recognition accuracy of up to 91.67%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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19 pages, 1658 KiB  
Review
The Progress and Prospect of Gap Breakdown Characteristics and Discharge Mechanisms of Overhead Transmission Lines Under Vegetation Fire Conditions
by Haohua Hu, Peng Li and Daochun Huang
Energies 2025, 18(8), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081946 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 303
Abstract
Wildfires frequently occur, posing a significant threat to the operational stability of transmission lines across mountainous forest areas. Therefore, this paper reviews numerous studies conducted by domestic and international scholars on the gap breakdown tests and discharge mechanisms of transmission lines under simulated [...] Read more.
Wildfires frequently occur, posing a significant threat to the operational stability of transmission lines across mountainous forest areas. Therefore, this paper reviews numerous studies conducted by domestic and international scholars on the gap breakdown tests and discharge mechanisms of transmission lines under simulated wildfire conditions. It analyses and summarizes the physical parameter measurement methods commonly used in current experiments. Combining the results of existing experiments, this study analyzes the discharge mechanisms, including the research progress made in numerical simulations. The conclusion is that existing tests are limited in their measurement methods of the physical quantities related to breakdown characteristics, and it is not easy to strictly control experimental variables when considering complex factors. Numerical simulations mainly focus on multi-physical field simulations, which consider the characteristics of vegetation fires in short gaps. The synergistic mechanism of environmental factors on gap breakdown characteristics remains unclear. This paper points out the breakdown characteristics and discharge mechanisms derived from existing experiments and numerical simulations under various influencing factors, highlighting their applicability and limitations, which differ from complex actual transmission lines in the environment. Then, we look forward to the future development of simulation test platforms that could better reflect the actual transmission line corridor environment, incorporating multi-parameter measurement and in-depth numerical simulation works that consider climate and terrain factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress, Challenges and Outlooks of Insulation System in HVDC: 2nd Edition)
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