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764 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
7,593 Views
20 Pages

11 January 2021

We study whether the shallow volcanic seismic tremors related to the bradyseism observed at the Phlegraean Fields (Campi Flegrei, Pozzuoli, and Naples) from 2008 to 2020 by the Osservatorio Vesuviano could be partially triggered by local rainfall eve...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
420 Views
16 Pages

31 July 2026

Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides (SLs) are rapid slope failures affecting soil layers typically thinner than 3 m. Despite their limited extent, cumulative impact can be significant, particularly in vulnerable hilly environments. This study prese...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,475 Views
14 Pages

The Effects of Different Geological Conditions on Landslide-Triggering Rainfall Conditions in South Korea

  • Jae-Uk Lee,
  • Yong-Chan Cho,
  • Minseok Kim,
  • Su-Jin Jang and ,
  • Jongmyoung Lee and
  • Sukwoo Kim
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

27 June 2022

How landslide-triggering rainfall conditions vary with geology is unclear. The effects of three different geological conditions (gneiss, GN; granite, GR; sedimentary rock, SR) on variations in intensity–duration (I-D) conditions and rainfall ch...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
3,905 Views
22 Pages

22 January 2023

Rainfall-induced landslides pose a significant threat to human life, destroy highways and railways, and cause farmland degradation in the Loess Plateau. From 19 June 2013 to 26 July 2013, continuous and heavy rainfall events occurred in the Tianshui...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Hazards: Landslides Induced by Rainfall and Infiltration)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,074 Views
24 Pages

In the research field on landslide hazard assessment for natural risk prediction and mitigation, it is necessary to know the characteristics of the triggering factors, such as rainfall and earthquakes, as well as possible. This work aims to generate...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rainfall-Induced Landslides Hazard)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
5,253 Views
23 Pages

23 October 2022

Typhoon Morakot had a serious impact on Taiwan, especially the uncommon type of landslide called large-scale landslide (LSL), not many in number but serious in effect, the origin of which the study induced. To establish a specific relationship betwee...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Disasters Occurrence, Reduction, and Restoration in Mountain Regions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
546 Views
27 Pages

Cross-Trigger Transferability of Run-out-Prediction Models for Rainfall- and Earthquake-Induced Landslides

  • Shudong Zhou,
  • Qile Ding,
  • Yi Zhang,
  • Tongwei Zhang and ,
  • Yiren Wang,
  • Xinrui Song and
  • Fengyang Wang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 June 2026

Reliable prediction of landslide run-out distance is of great importance for hazard zoning and risk mitigation. However, most previous studies evaluate model performance within a single landslide inventory, while the transferability of models across...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Approaches to Water-Induced Landslide Hazard Risk Forecasting and Assessment, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
5,092 Views
22 Pages

The hydrographic basin of Ribeira Grande (S. Miguel Island, Azores) has a set of characteristics that enhance the occurrence of shallow slides that have been triggered by rainfall and earthquakes. Two landslide inventories were built according to the...

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
5,208 Views
20 Pages

7 May 2022

Despite great advances in remote sensing technologies, accurate satellite information is sometimes challenged in tropical regions where dense vegetation prevents the instruments from retrieving reliable readings. In this work, we introduce a satellit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Analysis of Geologic Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
4,254 Views
18 Pages

20 September 2022

The fly-ash dam is used to store the fly ash discharged from the thermal power plant. A fly-ash dam is a special slope built with fly ash, and rainfall infiltration is an important reason to induce the landslide of this kind of slope. In this paper,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Slope Stability and Earth Retaining Structures)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
3,260 Views
21 Pages

7 June 2022

Rainfall is the main factor that induces debris flow. Satellite rainfall products provide a new source of data in terms of debris flow-triggering conditions to overcome the lack of rainfall data coverage from ground-based rainfall gauges in large-sca...

(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,828 Views
22 Pages

10 March 2022

Fatal landslides are a widespread geohazard that have affected millions of people and have claimed the lives of thousands around the globe. A change in climate has significantly increased the frequency and magnitude of rainfall, which affect the susc...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,849 Views
19 Pages

This study configures the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the updated urban fraction for optimal rainfall simulation over Kampala, Uganda. The urban parameter values associated with urban fractions are adjusted based on literature r...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Developments in Flood Modelling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,074 Views
17 Pages

13 February 2026

The initiation of debris flows in mountainous areas is dynamically influenced by multiple factors, including rainfall intensity, duration, and antecedent rainfall conditions. Traditional static threshold methods struggle to adapt to these dynamic env...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Analysis, Monitoring and Assessment of Debris Flow)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,746 Views
17 Pages

While rainfall occurs for several reasons, climate change and urbanization influence its frequency and geographical disparities. Although recent research suggests that urbanization may lead to increased rainfall, insights into how urbanization can tr...

  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,967 Views
29 Pages

Eighty Years of Data Collected for the Determination of Rainfall Threshold Triggering Shallow Landslides and Mud-Debris Flows in the Alps

  • Fabio Luino,
  • Jerome De Graff,
  • Anna Roccati,
  • Marcella Biddoccu and ,
  • Chiara Giorgia Cirio,
  • Francesco Faccini and
  • Laura Turconi
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

31 December 2019

Identifying the minimum rainfall thresholds necessary for landslides triggering is essential to landslide risk assessment. The Italian Alps have always been affected by shallow landslides and mud-debris flows, which caused considerable damage to prop...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Water in Shallow and Deep Landslides)
  • Article
  • Open Access
686 Views
14 Pages

Observational Analysis of a Southwest Vortex-Induced Severe Rainfall Event Triggering Fatal Landslides over Southwest China in 2024

  • Keming Zhang,
  • Yangruixue Chen,
  • Na Xie,
  • Jiafeng Zheng and ,
  • Chuhui Huang,
  • Keji Long,
  • Hongru Xiao,
  • Juan Zhou,
  • Chaoyong Tu and
  • Dan Xiang
  • + 7 authors+ 2 authors

5 March 2026

In July 2024, a severe rainfall event struck Sichuan Province, Southwest China, triggering deadly landslides and causing significant societal impacts. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and underlying mechanisms of the event u...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Modeling Applications of Extreme Weather Events and Climate Change)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,660 Views
15 Pages

10 March 2023

The Lueyang and Xunyang counties in the Shaanxi province (China) are highly susceptible to rainfall-induced landslides. Rainfall thresholds are the most used tool to predict the occurrence of rainfall-induced landslides over large areas. However, the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Hazards: Landslides Induced by Rainfall and Infiltration)
  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
5,395 Views
24 Pages

Physically Based Estimation of Rainfall Thresholds Triggering Shallow Landslides in Volcanic Slopes of Southern Italy

  • Francesco Fusco,
  • Pantaleone De Vita,
  • Benjamin B. Mirus,
  • Rex L. Baum and ,
  • Vincenzo Allocca,
  • Rita Tufano,
  • Enrico Di Clemente and
  • Domenico Calcaterra
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

14 September 2019

On the 4th and 5th of March 2005, about 100 rainfall-induced landslides occurred along volcanic slopes of Camaldoli Hill in Naples, Italy. These started as soil slips in the upper substratum of incoherent and welded volcaniclastic deposits, then evol...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Water in Shallow and Deep Landslides)
  • Article
  • Open Access
40 Citations
8,145 Views
28 Pages

23 March 2019

In recent decades, the Entella River basin (eastern Liguria) has been affected by several rainfall events that induced widespread shallow landslides and earth flows on the slopes; roads, buildings, structures and infrastructure suffered extensive dam...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Water in Shallow and Deep Landslides)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,033 Views
23 Pages

19 October 2019

Climate change causes extreme weather events worldwide such as increasing temperatures and changing rainfall patterns. With South Korea facing growing damage from the increased frequency of localized heavy rains. In particular, its steep slope lands,...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Debris Flows Research: Hazard and Risk Assessments)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,039 Views
19 Pages

Failure Mechanism of a Rainfall-Triggered Landslide in Clay Slopes

  • Piernicola Lollino,
  • Angelo Ugenti,
  • Daniela de Lucia,
  • Mario Parise and ,
  • Carmen Vennari,
  • Paolo Allasia and
  • Nunzio Luciano Fazio
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

In December 2013, a portion of a large and deep ancient landslide on the southern slope of the Montescaglioso town (Basilicata, Southern Italy) was abruptly reactivated, as a consequence of exceptional rainfall events, causing relevant damages to str...

  • Article
  • Open Access
27 Citations
8,358 Views
22 Pages

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Global Landslide Reporting Using a Decade of the Global Landslide Catalog

  • Chelsea Dandridge,
  • Thomas A. Stanley,
  • Dalia B. Kirschbaum and
  • Venkataraman Lakshmi

11 February 2023

Rainfall-triggered landslides can result in devastating loss of life and property damage and are a growing concern from a local to global scale. NASA’s global landslide catalog (GLC) compiles a record of rainfall-triggered landslide events from...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Hazards and Risk Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,086 Views
13 Pages

Predisposition to Mass Movements on Railway Slopes: Insights from Field Data on Geotechnical and Pluviometric Influences

  • Priscila Celebrini de Oliveira Campos,
  • Diego Leonardo Rosa,
  • Maria Esther Soares Marques and
  • Igor Paz

Monitoring natural slopes, embankments, and unstable slopes is crucial to reducing predisposition to mass movements, especially in areas with geotechnical instability and high rainfall. This study proposes a methodology to identify geotechnical and p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
126 Views
14 Pages

26 October 2026

The Petacciato landslide is a well-known, very large landslide located along the Adriatic coast of central–southern Italy and involving Plio-Pleistocene marine clay sequences with sandy intercalations. Reactivations have been documented since t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resilience and Adaptation to Cascading Geohazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,180 Views
20 Pages

23 December 2025

Rainfall characteristics proven to trigger general erosive events (EE) and rill erosion events (RE) under reference experimental conditions of soil type, slope, and land use—previously established at a test site in central Italy—are appli...

(This article belongs to the Section Water Erosion and Sediment Transport)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,967 Views
15 Pages

County-Level Flash Flood Warning Framework Coupled with Disaster-Causing Mechanism

  • Meihong Ma,
  • Nan Zhang,
  • Jiufei Geng,
  • Manrong Qiao and ,
  • Hongyu Ren and
  • Qing Li
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

23 January 2024

Climate change has intensified the risk of extreme precipitation, while mountainous areas are constrained by complex disaster mechanisms and difficulties in data acquisition, making it challenging for existing critical rainfall threshold accuracy to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flood Mitigation and Sustainable Stormwater Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
958 Views
16 Pages

7 June 2026

Both variability in precipitation and rainfall extremes are key drivers of landslide activity, yet their combined influence with antecedent moisture conditions remains insufficiently quantified at regional or local scales. In this study, daily precip...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water Management and Geohazard Mitigation in a Changing Climate)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
3,450 Views
16 Pages

Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Parameters in a Landslide Deposit Based on a DE-MC Approach

  • Sijie Chen,
  • Haiwen Yan,
  • Wei Shao,
  • Wenjun Yu and ,
  • Lingna Wei,
  • Zongji Yang,
  • Ye Su,
  • Guangyuan Kan and
  • Shaohui Luo
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

15 November 2022

Extreme rainfall is a common triggering factor of landslide disasters, for infiltration and pore water pressure propagation can reduce suction stress and shear strength at the slip surface. The subsurface hydrological model is an essential component...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Landslide Hydrology and Hydrogeological Disaster Monitoring)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,617 Views
18 Pages

Analysis of the Triggering and Maintenance Mechanisms of a Record-Breaking Warm-Sector Extreme-Rainfall Process in Front of an Upper-Level Trough in Tianjin, China

  • Hong Chen,
  • Yanchun Wang,
  • Yinghua Wei,
  • Nan Zhang and ,
  • Xiaomeng Lin,
  • Yang Yang and
  • Yuqing Zhang
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

28 April 2023

A short-time rainstorm exceeding the extreme historical rainfall occurred in the Jinnan District of Tianjin, China, on 3 July 2022. Due to the concentrated time period of precipitation, it caused serious water accumulation in the Jinnan District. The...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Water Cycle and Climate Change (2nd Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,213 Views
17 Pages

16 July 2018

A physically based mathematical model of the slope of Cervinara (southern Italy), which is characterized by a shallow pyroclastic soil cover laying upon a limestone fractured bedrock, has been developed. Previous and current ongoing monitoring sugges...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landslide Hydrology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,956 Views
20 Pages

The Impact of Bamboo on Rainfall-Triggered Landslide Distribution at the Regional Scale: A Case Study from SE China

  • Zizheng Guo,
  • Zhanxu Guo,
  • Chunchun Wen,
  • Gang Xu and ,
  • Yuhua Zhang,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Haiyan Qin,
  • Yuzhi Zhang and
  • Jun He
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

17 December 2024

It is widely accepted that land use and land cover (LULC) is an important conditioning factor for landslide occurrence, especially when considering the role of tree roots in stabilizing slopes and consolidating the soil. However, it is still difficul...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forests as Nature-Based Solutions: Ecosystem Services, Multiple Benefits, and Trade-Offs)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,182 Views
22 Pages

4 December 2023

Shallow landslides are one of the most dangerous gravitational phenomena. They are responsible for more than 50% of causalities due to landslides in northwestern Italy in the last century. The aim of the research study presented here is focused on un...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,740 Views
24 Pages

10 October 2021

Rarely, a close correlation between wildfires and the occurrence of channelized debris flows has been observed in the Western Italian Alps. Only two cases in history have been reported, after brief and localized rainfall events of moderate intensity...

(This article belongs to the Section Natural Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
62 Citations
5,514 Views
15 Pages

Application of the GPM-IMERG Products in Flash Flood Warning: A Case Study in Yunnan, China

  • Meihong Ma,
  • Huixiao Wang,
  • Pengfei Jia,
  • Guoqiang Tang and ,
  • Dacheng Wang,
  • Ziqiang Ma and
  • Haiming Yan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

17 June 2020

NASA’s Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is a major source of precipitation data, having a larger coverage, higher precision, and a higher spatiotemporal resolution than previous products, such a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Using Remote Sensing Techniques to Improve Hydrological Predictions in a Rapidly Changing World)
  • Article
  • Open Access
69 Citations
13,383 Views
26 Pages

Landslide Mapping and Susceptibility Assessment Using Geospatial Analysis and Earth Observation Data

  • Emmanouil Psomiadis,
  • Andreas Papazachariou,
  • Konstantinos X. Soulis,
  • Despoina-Simoni Alexiou and
  • Ioannis Charalampopoulos

28 April 2020

The western part of Crete Island has undergone serious landslide events in the past. The intense rainfalls that took place in the September 2018 to February 2019 period provoked extensive landslide events at the northern part of Chania prefecture, al...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hazards, Disasters and Land Science toward Asian and Global SDGs for Land Systems: Approaches from Remotely Sensed Geospatial Data Analyses)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
4,122 Views
11 Pages

21 September 2022

In the present study, a simple-to-use method is proposed for a preliminary prediction of the occurrence of shallow landslides (generally, with a thickness of 1–2 m) due to rainfall. This method can be used when a water table forms within the sl...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,093 Views
22 Pages

The Key Parameters Involved in a Rainfall-Triggered Landslide

  • Elisangela do Prado Oliveira,
  • Andrés Miguel González Acevedo,
  • Virnei Silva Moreira,
  • Vitor Pereira Faro and
  • Alessander Christopher Morales Kormann

5 November 2022

In addition to the intensity of precipitation, the different hydraulic and mechanical properties of a soil hill can also be responsible for landslides. More specifically, the same rainfall amount can trigger or not trigger a mass movement depending o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landslides Induced by Surface and Groundwater)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
2,657 Views
20 Pages

17 October 2024

The stability analysis of rainfall-induced slope failures considers a number of factors including the characteristics of the rainfall, vegetation, geometry of the slope, unsaturated soil characteristics, infiltration capacity, and saturation degree v...

(This article belongs to the Section Civil Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,962 Views
11 Pages

23 October 2023

Rainfall-triggered landslides are well-known natural hazards that pose significant risks, and lot of effort has been invested to reduce the risk associated with this type of phenomenon. One approach to reduce such risk is the establishment of landsli...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geological Hazards Monitoring and Prevention)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,489 Views
20 Pages

Extreme and prolonged rainfall resulting from global warming determines a growing need for reliable Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS) to manage the risk of rainfall-induced shallow landslides (also called soil slips). Regional LEWS are typically...

  • Article
  • Open Access
259 Views
25 Pages

25 October 2026

Landslides (LSs) are a natural phenomenon, typically triggered by heavy rainfall and earthquakes, and pose a global danger to human lives and property. LSs frequently occur on steep slopes and in loose soil conditions, and damaged sites can be hard t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in UAVs’ GN&C (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) Technologies: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,050 Views
28 Pages

13 March 2026

Landslides, often triggered by intense or prolonged rainfall, pose significant risks to communities and infrastructure. Identifying accurate rainfall thresholds is crucial for predicting landslide events and developing effective early warning systems...

(This article belongs to the Section Hydrogeology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
46 Citations
3,734 Views
22 Pages

31 August 2023

The 2013 heavy rainfall event (from June to July) in the Tianshui area triggered the most serious rainfall-induced group-occurring landslides since 1984, causing extensive casualties and economic losses. To better understand the characteristics and t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anticipation of Flash Floods and Rainfall-Induced Hydro-Geomorphic Hazards)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
4,819 Views
23 Pages

Landslides Triggered by the May 2017 Extreme Rainfall Event in the East Coast Northeast of Brazil

  • Nikolai S. Espinoza,
  • Carlos A. C. dos Santos,
  • Madson T. Silva,
  • Helber B. Gomes and ,
  • Rosaria R. Ferreira,
  • Maria L. da Silva,
  • Cláudio M. Santos e Silva,
  • Cristiano P. de Oliveira,
  • João Medeiros and
  • Manoranjan Mishra
  • + 8 authors+ 3 authors

27 September 2021

Given the increasing occurrence of landslides on the East Coast Northeast of Brazil (ECNEB), it is essential to understand its conditions and triggering factors because meteorological anomalies triggered by a landslide will threaten life and property...

(This article belongs to the Section Meteorology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
4,301 Views
15 Pages

1 July 2022

Landslides often cause deaths and severe economic losses. In general, forests play an important role in reducing landslide probability because of the stabilizing effect of the tree roots. Although fruit groves consist of trees, which are similar to f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Disasters Occurrence, Reduction, and Restoration in Mountain Regions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,261 Views
21 Pages

Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-Induced Debris Flows Triggered by Cyclone Yaku 2023 in Chasquitambo, Peru

  • Hildebrandt Flores,
  • Katy Medina,
  • Francisco Castillo-Vergara,
  • Pablo Iribarren and ,
  • Guillermo Azócar,
  • Cesar Salazar and
  • Edwin Loarte
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Debris flows are rapid downslope movements of soil and rock (a type of external geodynamic process) typically triggered by extreme rainfall, posing significant threats to infrastructure and human lives. The objective of this study is to assess the re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flood Studies: Enhancing Data Collection, Rating Curves, and Hydrological Analyses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
5,426 Views
25 Pages

Geoinformatic Analysis of Rainfall-Triggered Landslides in Crete (Greece) Based on Spatial Detection and Hazard Mapping

  • Athanasios V. Argyriou,
  • Christos Polykretis,
  • Richard M. Teeuw and
  • Nikos Papadopoulos

27 March 2022

Among several natural and anthropogenic conditioning factors that control slope instability, heavy rainfall is a key factor in terms of triggering landslide events. In the Mediterranean region, Crete suffers the frequent occurrence of heavy rainstorm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Geoinformatics Technologies for Environmental Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,836 Views
22 Pages

6 August 2023

This study explored the applicability of TRMM, TRMM nonlinear downscaling, and ANUSPLIN (ANU) interpolation of three different types of precipitation data to define regional-scale rainfall-triggered landslide thresholds. The spatial resolution of TRM...

(This article belongs to the Topic Earth Observation Systems in Geology Mass Identification, Investigation and Inventory Mapping)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
7,104 Views
16 Pages

Identification of Rainfall Thresholds Likely to Trigger Flood Damages across a Mediterranean Region, Based on Insurance Data and Rainfall Observations

  • Katerina Papagiannaki,
  • Vassiliki Kotroni,
  • Kostas Lagouvardos,
  • Antonis Bezes and ,
  • Vasileios Vafeiadis,
  • Ioanna Messini,
  • Efstathios Kroustallis and
  • Ioannis Totos
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

21 March 2022

Flood-producing rainfall amounts have a significant cumulative economic impact. Despite the advance in flood risk mitigation measures, the cost of rehabilitation and compensation of citizens by the state and insurance companies is increasing worldwid...

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)

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