Electric multirotor plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in China for efficient and precise plant protection at low altitude for low volumes. Unstructured farmland in China has various types of obstacles, and UAVs usually...
UAV-based coverage missions near exclusion zones—such as no-spray buffer zones in precision agriculture (watercourse margins, residential setbacks, organic field boundaries, apiary protection areas, and power line corridors), urban no-fly zones...
In order to investigate the effects of various factors (charging voltage, spray distance and spray pattern) on the deposition coverage of tomato leaves, the Box–Behnken surface response methodology was used to design an outdoor air-assisted ele...
For the objective of enhancing the heat transfer ability of spray cooling, a single-nozzle open-loop spray cooling experiment platform was established with a data measuring system. Based on the surface heat transfer coefficient obtained from the expe...
Efficient utilization is a pre-requisite for pesticide reduction, and appropriate airflow distribution pattern plays a key role in enhancing the effectiveness of pesticide application by air-assisted orchard sprayers, yet the mechanism of this is unc...
Outdoor mobile spraying robots are increasingly being used for precision plant protection and vector-borne disease control. Coverage planning in unstructured environments remains difficult because spray models are computationally costly, chassis moti...
In the coverage path planning (CPP) problem of an agricultural spraying UAV, a margin reduction algorithm was designed first to address special situations such as ditches and channels within the operational terrain. Regarding the particularity of a c...
Three non-ionic adjuvants, Agral, Silwet, and Greemax, at three concentrations, were applied on apple leaves with the use of hollow cone nozzles (TR) and air-induction nozzles (ID) to verify the assumption that adjuvants may improve spray coverage ob...
Plant protection UAVs are becoming the preferred plant protection method for agricultural pest control. At present, the evaluation of droplet distribution in aerial spraying is collected and evaluated after the completion of prevention and control op...
In dense or structurally complex canopies, spray applications often fail to adequately reach the specific plant sites where pest organisms reside, typically the lower canopy and abaxial leaf surfaces. An additional challenge is balancing drift mitiga...
Canopy coverage and plant height are the main crop canopy parameters, which can obviously reflect the growth status of crops on the field. The ability to identify canopy coverage and plant height quickly is critical for farmers or breeders to arrange...
The effectiveness and quality of agricultural spraying largely depends on the technical efficiency of the nozzles installed in agricultural sprayers. The uniform spraying of plants results in a decrease in the amount of pesticides used in agricultura...
Unmanned aerial spraying systems (UASSs) are widely used today for the effective control of pests affecting crops, and more advanced UASS techniques are now being developed. To evaluate such systems, artificial targets are typically used to assess dr...
This paper presents, within an arable farming context, a predictive logic for the on- and off-switching of a set of nozzles. The predictive logic is tailored to a specific path planning pattern. The nozzles are assumed to be attached to a boom aligne...
During the spraying operation, it is important to consider the environmental conditions, particularly the wind velocity. Droplets carried by the wind out of the spray zone may be carried onto nearby plants, soil, water bodies, residential areas, etc....
To realize the online evaluation of spray quality, an online measuring system for spray coverage and deposition quality is developed. The measuring theory of spray coverage and deposition quality on an LWS (leaf wetness sensor) surface is analyzed. W...
It has been recognized for decades that low and inconsistent spray coverages of pesticide applications represent a major challenge to successful and sustainable crop protection. Deployment of water-sensitive spray cards combined with image analysis c...
To address the high labor intensity, low level of automation, and insufficient uniformity of spray coverage in plant protection operations for trellised crops in multi-span greenhouses, an autonomous spraying system based on magnetic navigation and R...
Water-sensitive papers (WSPs) are widely used for spray deposition assessment because they are inexpensive, simple to use, and suitable for field conditions. Combined with image analysis, they provide quantitative information on spray coverage and in...
A pneumatic spray delivery (PSD)-based solid set canopy delivery system (SSCDS) consists of in-line reservoirs and micro-emitter assemblies distributed throughout perennial crop canopies. The existing PSD-based SSCDS uses a large number of reservoirs...
Solid set canopy delivery systems (SSCDS) are a novel foliar agrochemical delivery system designed as an alternative for airblast sprayers in high density fruit production. This study tested the pest management potential, coverage, and chemical depos...
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based spraying is transforming precision agriculture by enabling targeted, uniform agrochemical application. This study evaluates four nozzle types across three flight heights for rice crop canopy, analyzing spray metric...
In many EU countries, spray applications should comply with increasingly stringent requirements regarding the drift reduction class of spray nozzles. Many farmers fear that the use of drift-reducing nozzles producing coarse droplet spectra may compro...
Unmanaged spray drift from orchard pesticide application contributes to environmental contamination and causes significant danger to farmworkers, nearby residential areas, and neighbors’ crops. Most drift control approaches do not guarantee ade...
This paper presents an air-assisted sprayer for vineyard pesticide application. The spraying unit was designed with two symmetrically arranged ports. The airflow velocity distribution of the sprayer was investigated using a combination of experimenta...
The study presents the results of the correlation and regression of the deposition of liquid and the degree of coverage of sprayed objects. Preliminary experiments were conducted in terms of droplet size depending on liquid pressure and nozzle type....
Solid Set Canopy Delivery Systems (SSCDS) are fixed agrochemical delivery systems composed of a network of micro-sprayers/nozzles distributed in perennial crop canopies. A previous SSCDS design composed of a 3-tier configuration using hollow cone spr...
The number of spray deposits plays an important role in effective and efficient spraying. The spraying equipment is one of the most significant factors that affect the number of spray deposits. Therefore, the study was focused on the parameter optimi...
Electrostatic spraying is considered an effective means to improve the efficacy of pesticide application and reduce pesticide consumption. However, the effectiveness of electrostatic spraying needs further validation in greenhouse environments, espec...
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an alternative to traditional pesticide applications in orchards. Particularly, drones are an example of UAVs that have increased in popularity in recent years; however, relatively few studies have evaluated how sp...
Pest control is essential for increasing agricultural production. Agricultural drones with spraying systems for pest control have generated great interest among farmers. However, spraying systems installed on unmanned aerial vehicles, like any other...
Automatic Section Control (ASC) promises to minimize spray overlap areas. The idea is to (i) switch off spray nozzles on areas that have already been sprayed, and (ii) to dynamically adjust nozzle flow rates along the boom bar that holds the spray no...
Background: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used commercially for crop protection in East Asia as a new type of equipment for pesticide applications, which is receiving more and more attention worldwide. A new model of pear cul...
Considering the demand for the optimization of the technical factors of spraying for a greater area coverage and minimal drift, field tests were carried out to determine the interaction between the area coverage, number of droplets per cm2, droplet d...
Autonomous sprayer UAVs are one of the most used aerial machines in modern agriculture. During flight missions, some common narrow obstacles appear in the flying zone. These are non-detectable from satellite images and one of the biggest challenges f...
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of air assistance associated with electrostatic spraying in terms of spray deposition and yield (Experiment 1), and the coverage and droplet density on soybean crops at different working speeds (Experiment...
The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of selected factors on the average degree of coverage and uniformity of liquid spray coverage using selected single and dual flat fan nozzles. The impact of nozzle type, spray pressure, drivi...
The increasing implementation of drift-reduction regulations in agriculture has driven the widespread adoption of drift-reducing spray nozzles. However, concerns remain about their impact on the biological efficacy of foliar-applied herbicides, parti...
Off-target drift from aerial pesticide applications in croplands can be a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinators. Pesticide adjuvants (PAs) are added to pesticides but can be as toxic as pesticides’ active ingredients. Ongoing experi...
Electrostatic spraying systems can improve the pesticide application efficiency by enhancing droplet deposition and coverage within crop canopies. This study evaluated the droplet size spectra and charge-to-mass ratio (CMR) of five electrostatically...
Spraying parameters are important factors when spraying wheat heads against fusarium head blight (FHB) to control the deoxynivalenol level in the grain and to obtain high and quality yields. In 2019 and 2020, field trials were conducted in order to e...
Pesticide spray drift has been a worldwide concern in terms of potential environmental pollution and ecosystem damage. This study defined the main drift reduction agent (DRA) characteristics that help to understand the drift formation process in agri...
Ground speed variations are common and unavoidable during pesticide applications with agricultural sprayers. Field tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying ground speeds on spray deposition and quality with a commercial agricultural boo...
Over the last decade, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have been broadly utilized in various agricultural fields, such as crop management, crop monitoring, seed sowing, and pesticide spraying. Nonetheless, autonomy is still a cr...
Aonidiella aurantii is one of the most damaging armored scales in citrus crops worldwide. To control this pest, high water volume rates are conventionally used. In order to rationalize the pesticide applications in citrus, IVIA developed CitrusVol, a...
Unmanned aerial application systems (UAAS) have recently gained momentum for the application of crop protection (CP) products. Due to their high operational efficiency, mobility, and low cost, UAAS may be perceived as a more viable option for spray a...
In the last decade, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for plant protection have rapidly developed worldwide as a new method for pesticide application, especially in China and other Asian countries. To improve the deposition quality in UAV applications,...
Pesticide application development has grown exponentially in recent decades thanks to the implementation of new technologies and improved quality of spray input application. Electrostatic technology for increasing deposition has proven to be a suitab...
Air assistance and electrical charge transfer to droplets can optimize pesticide applications and reduce losses in sweet pepper cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of spray rate and pneumatic spraying with and without...
Air-assisted sprayers are widely employed in orchards, but inappropriate spray parameters can lead to large droplet losses, pesticide waste, and environmental pollution. To investigate the factors affecting the droplet loss of an air-assisted sprayer...
of 6