In the era of rapid technological growth, we are facing increased energy consumption. The question of using renewable energy sources is also essential for the sustainability of wireless sensor networks and the Industrial Internet of Things, especiall...
Accurate real-time soil moisture monitoring is critical for optimizing water use and ensuring crop health and food security. This study aims to calibrate and integrate low-cost capacitive soil moisture sensors into a solar-powered sensor node for rea...
In high-altitude trout raceways, dissolved oxygen (DO) declines are brief and start from a narrow margin below saturation. We built a solar-powered floating node with five water-quality channels, a serviceable probe cartridge, switched sensor rails a...
This work presents a compact, self-powered wireless CO2 sensing node for autonomous environmental monitoring. The system integrates a high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic (PV) module, a 4000 F hybrid supercapacitor operating at 3.6–4.2 V,...
The huge spreading of Internet of things (IoT)-oriented modern technologies is revolutionizing all fields of human activities, leading several benefits and allowing to strongly optimize classic productive processes. The agriculture field is also affe...
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have found wide applications in many fields (such as agriculture) over last few years, and research interest is constantly increasing. However, power supply to the sensor nodes remains an issue to be resolved. Batteries...
The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the basic building blocks of today’s modern internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure in smart buildings, smart parking, and smart cities. The WSN nodes suffer from a major design constraint in that their ba...
Solar cells are one common choice to power energy-autonomous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). There are different approaches to improve their service and reliability via solar energy prediction algorithms, to allow the WSN to “know” about th...
Energy harvesting has a vital role in building reliable Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSNs), without needing to replace a discharged battery. Solar energy is one of the main renewable energy sources that can be used to efficiently charge a...
A novel prototype based on the combination of a multi-junction, high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) module and a supercapacitor (SC) able to self-power a wireless sensor node (WSN) for outdoor air quality monitoring has been developed and tested. A PV...
This work describes an energy-efficient monolithic Power Management Unit (PMU) that includes a charge pump adapted to photovoltaic cells with the capability of charging a large supply capacitor and managing the stored energy efficiently to provide th...
Solar energy harvesting allows for wireless sensor networks to be operated over extended periods of time. In order to select an appropriate harvesting architecture and dimension for its components, an effective method for the comparison of system imp...
In solar-powered wireless sensor networks (SP-WSNs), the best use of harvested energy is more important than minimizing energy consumption since energy can be supplied periodically. Meanwhile, as is well known, the reliability of the communication be...
Beekeeping occupies a challenging intersection: it is economically vital across vast, under-served rural areas, yet the tools available to manage it rarely match that scale. This paper presents a low-cost, solar-powered IoT system designed to address...
By utilizing mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), WSNs can be deployed in more challenging environments that cannot connect with the Internet, such as those that are isolated or dangerous, and can also achieve a balanced energy consumptio...
A node in a solar-powered wireless sensor network (WSN) collects energy when the sun shines and stores it in a battery or capacitor for use when no solar power is available, in particular at night. In our scheme, each tiny node in a WSN periodically...
The operational efficiency of remote environmental wireless sensor networks (EWSNs) has improved tremendously with the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies over the past few years. EWSNs require elaborate device composition and advanced co...
Sensors for data collecting are vital in the development of IoT and intelligent systems. High power consuming current and voltage monitors are indispensable in conducting maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in traditional PV energy wireless sensor no...
In solar-powered wireless sensor networks (SP-WSNs), sensor nodes can continuously harvest energy to relieve the energy constraint problem in battery-powered WSNs. With the advent of wireless power transmission (WPT) technology, the nodes can be char...
We propose a novel approach to measure photosynthetically active radiation (PAR ) in the form of photosynthetic photon flux density with an inexpensive, small multi-channel spectrometer sensor, with integrated optical filters and analog-to-digital co...
Clustering achieves energy efficiency and scalable performance in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A cluster is formed of several sensor nodes, one of them selected as the cluster head (CH). A CH collects information from the cluster members and send...
Sunlight is one of the most frequently used ambient energy sources for energy harvesting in wireless sensor networks. Although virtually unlimited, solar radiation experiences significant variations depending on the weather, the season, and the time...
Agricultural research involves study of the complex soil–plant–atmosphere–water system, and data relating to this system must be collected under often-harsh outdoor conditions in agricultural environments. Rapid advancements in elec...
Aquaculture requires continuous environmental monitoring, yet low-cost IoT sensing in marine conditions remains poorly characterised, and the data it produces is rarely accompanied by mechanisms establishing its provenance. This paper presents an IoT...
In a wireless sensor network (WSN) environment with frequent errors, forward error correction (FEC) is usually employed at the link layer to achieve reliable transmission. In the FEC scheme, the error correction rate varies depending on the length of...
It is necessary to ensure safety in terms of health and accidents through the real-time monitoring of the construction site environment and workers. This problem has become of great importance due to the economic and social implications. Therefore, a...
The importance of the usage of renewable energy sources in powering wireless sensor nodes in IoT and sensor networks grows together with the increasing number of utilized sensor nodes. Considering the other types of renewable energy sources, solar po...
Bioclimatic monitoring at vineyard scale is essential for irrigation management and disease-risk assessment, yet many systems rely on expensive commercial stations or generic IoT nodes with limited validation and little focus on small and medium-size...
Population growth and climate change lead agricultural cultures to face environmental degradation and rising of resistant diseases and pests. These conditions result in reduced product quality and increasing risk of harmful toxicity to human health....
Energy harvesting is increasingly used for powering wireless sensor network nodes. Recently, it has been suggested to combine it with the concept of transient computing whereby the wireless sensor nodes operate without energy storage capabilities. Th...
Open smart-hive datasets collected under commercial pollination conditions remain scarce and often lack homogeneous timestamps and synchronized event metadata. We present the decentralized AmoHive monitoring architecture and an open hourly IoT teleme...
This study presents a low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN) integrated with an Internet of Things (IoT) platform for continuous monitoring of agro-environmental parameters relevant to rice harvest decision support. Solar-powered sensor nodes equippe...
Precision agriculture and sustainable farming practices require autonomous environmental monitoring systems capable of operating in remote areas with limited energy and connectivity. However, the high cost of existing professional technology remains...
18 September 2026
The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in agriculture has advanced precision farming; however, most solutions target large-scale operations with stable electricity and internet connectivity. This limits their applicability in rural communiti...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play an increasingly important role in monitoring applications in many areas. With the emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT), many more lowpower sensors will need to be deployed in various environments to collect a...
Wireless sensor nodes have a limited power budget, though they are often expected to be functional in the field once deployed for extended periods of time. Therefore, minimization of energy consumption and energy harvesting technology in Wireless Sen...
This paper reports the design of a photovoltaic energy harvesting device used as a telemetry node in wireless sensor networks. The device draws power from the small solar cell, stores it into the primary energy buffer and backup supercapacitor, colle...
Wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly more common as a means to sense, measure, record and transmit data for scientific and engineering evaluation, remotely and autonomously. Usually, remotely located sensor nodes are powered by batterie...
The large-scale deployment of sensor nodes in difficult-to-reach locations makes powering of sensor nodes via batteries impractical. Besides, battery-powered WSNs require the periodic replacement of batteries. Wireless, battery-less sensor nodes repr...
As an emerging technology, edge computing will enable traditional sensor networks to be effective and motivate a series of new applications. Meanwhile, limited battery power directly affects the performance and survival time of sensor networks. As an...
The use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in modern precision agriculture to monitor climate conditions and to provide agriculturalists with a considerable amount of useful information is currently being widely considered. However, WSNs exhibit seve...
Because battery-powered nodes are required in wireless sensor networks and energy consumption represents an important design consideration, alternate energy sources are needed to provide more effective and optimal function. The main goal of this work...
Limited battery power directly affects the performance and survival time of sensor networks. In this study, solar energy was used to provide additional energy for sensor nodes, and a clustering algorithm for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WS...
In this study, an energy harvesting chip was developed to scavenge energy from artificial light to charge a wireless sensor node. The chip core is a miniature transformer with a nano-ferrofluid magnetic core. The chip embedded transformer can convert...
Water scarcity in semi-arid regions makes efficient irrigation scheduling a priority, yet farm-level adoption of soil-moisture monitoring remains limited by the cost, low portability and installation complexity of commercial sensing systems. This stu...
A technology drift is currently taking place from traditional battery-powered sensor networks, which exhibit limited lifetime, to the new Energy-Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSN), which open the way towards self-sustained operation. Howeve...
This paper presents a low-cost high-efficiency solar energy harvesting system to power outdoor wireless sensor nodes. It is based on a Voltage Open Circuit (VOC) algorithm that estimates the open-circuit voltage by means of a multilayer perceptron ne...
This paper aims to demonstrate the viability of energy harvesting for wide area wireless sensing systems based on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) under diffuse sunlight conditions, proving the feasibility of deploying autonomous sensor nodes even...
A new wireless sensor network (WSN), called CrossVit, and based on MEMSIC products, has been tested for two growing seasons in two vineyards in Italy. The aims are to evaluate the monitoring performances of the new WSN directly in the vineyard and co...
Greenhouses have taken on a fundamental role in agriculture. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key concept used in greenhouse-based precision agriculture (PA) to enhance vegetable quality and quantity while improving resource efficiency. Integrating...
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