28,169 Results Found

This article describes rationales and limitations for making inferences based on data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We argue that obtaining a representative random sample from a patient population is impossible for a clinical trial becaus...

Preterm birth affects about 10% of infants born in the United States. Massage therapy is being used in some neonatal intensive care units for its potential beneficial effects on preterm infants. This article reviews published randomized controlled tr...

Data suggest inadequacy of common statistical techniques for reporting outcomes in clinical trials. The Fragility Index can measure how many events the statistical significance hinges on, and may facilitate better interpretation of trial results. Thi...

Healthy diet interventions have been shown to improve depressive symptoms, but there is a need for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are double blind and investigate biological mechanisms. The primary objectives of this randomized controlled p...

Oxygen persufflation has shown experimentally to favorably influence hepatic energy dependent pathways and to improve survival after transplantation. The present trial evaluated oxygen persufflation as adjunct in clinical liver preservation. A total...

Restaurant food is one of the important sources of sodium intake in China. We aimed to determine whether a restaurant-based comprehensive intervention program may induce lower sodium content in restaurant food. A randomized controlled trial was imple...

To examine a potential correlation between food waste and lunar phases, we have devised a randomized controlled trial. The experiment spanned from 31 March to 10 July 2022, during which we employed the direct weighing method to collect 1903 valid dat...

Placebo effects emerging from the expectations of relatives, also known as placebo by proxy, have seldom been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) there is a clinically relevant difference...

Background: The evidence stemming from trials on restorative materials is shaped not only by trial findings, but also trial design and validity. We aimed to evaluate both aspects in randomized controlled dental restorative trials published from 2005–...

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the conservative Schroth method in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: A total of 34 respondents, 24 male and 10 female, aged between 11 and 16 years, pa...

Sucralose is a widely consumed non-nutritive sweetener, with approximately 85% reaching the colon unmetabolized and directly interacting with the gut microbiota. Despite regulatory approval, its impact on microbial ecology and metabolic outcomes rema...

Major depressive disorder is one of the most severe mental disorders. It strongly impairs daily functioning, and, in extreme cases, it can lead to suicide. Although different treatment options are available for patients with depression, there is an o...

The effect of horticultural therapy (HT) on immune and endocrine biomarkers remains largely unknown. We designed a waitlist-control randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of HT in improving mental well-being and modulating bioma...

Magnesium (Mg) may have several beneficial effects on human health outcomes. One hypothesized mechanism eliciting such effects is the action of Mg on serum inflammatory parameters. However, studies on this topic to date have several important limitat...

Although electroacupuncture (EA) is an effective treatment for pain relief, there has been no systematic review of EA treatment for temporomandibular disorder TMD. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EA in TMD manageme...

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) and other cannabinoids present in cannabis (marijuana) have been shown to affect the normal inhibitory pathways that influence nociception in humans. The potential benefits of cannabinoids as an analgesic are lik...

Background/Objectives: Nutritional supplementation has been proposed as a potential adjunct strategy in myopia prevention and control through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and extracellular matrix-regulating mechanisms. This systematic review aim...

Cardiac arrest, one of the leading causes of death, accounts for numerous clinical studies published each year. This review summarizes the findings of all the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) on cardiac arrest published in the year 2022. T...

Objective: For many years, outcomes such as mortality and morbidity were the standard for evaluating oncological treatment effectiveness. With the introduction of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), the focus shifted from a mere extension of a...

Background: Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes, which presents with a loss of sensorimotor function or pain. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture as a treatment for DPN-related complaints. Me...

Emergency medical services confront significant challenges in delivering timely patient assessments within geographically isolated or disaster-impacted regions. While drones (unmanned aircraft systems, UAS) show transformative potential in healthcare...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Berberine, a long-standing, widely used, traditional Chinese medicine, is thought to have beneficial effects on CVD risk factors and in women with polycystic ovary s...

Background: There has been substantial interest from the pharmaceutical industry to study and develop new biologic agents. Previous studies outside of the biologics field have demonstrated that industry funding has the potential to impact the design...

Background: Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) after hip surgery should be focused on sufficient analgesia, recovery, and the risk of adverse effects. Sufentanil PCIA offers effective analgesia but with obvious side effects. Oxycodone, a...

As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality, large vitamin D randomized contr...

Background and Objectives: Various publications have compared outcomes among open (OPDs), laparoscopic (LPDs), and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomies (RPDs); however, the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains limited. This study aims t...

Clinical applications of ginger with an expectation of clinical benefits are receiving significant attention. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion in terms of the clinical effects of ginger in all reported areas. Followin...

Soy intake is associated with lower breast cancer risk in observational studies concerning Asian women, however, no randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted among Asian women living in Asia. This three-armed RCT assessed the effects of...

Background: Epidemiological studies have reported an inverse association between smoking and Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk, prompting interest in nicotine as a potential therapeutic agent. The present meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of nic...

Background: The treatment of functional speech sound disorders (SSDs) in children is often lengthy, ill-defined, and without satisfactory evidence of success; effectiveness studies on SSDs are rare. This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effe...

Background: The long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury can create major barriers to community integration. Peer support represents a sustainable model of support across this transition. The objective of the current study was to determine th...

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of various music therapy interventions in ameliorating depressive symptoms in dementia patients, utilizing a network meta-analysis approach. We rigorously selected randomized controlled trials focused on music...

Acute diarrhea is a burdensome disease with potentially harmful consequences, especially in childhood. Despite its large use in clinical practice, the efficacy of the probiotic Bacillus clausii in treating acute childhood diarrhea remains unclear. Ou...

Background and objectives: Our research aimed to evaluate the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) linked to rotator cuff (RC) tears. The present study analyzed factors connected to the quality of the RCTs and trends in the qua...

In recent years, overweight and obesity have reached an alarmingly high incidence and prevalence worldwide; they have also been steadily increasing in military populations. Military personnel, as an occupational group, are often exposed to stressful...

Background: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of laser therapies and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of intraoral halitosis by synthesizing randomized controlled trials. Methods: A comprehensive search of the P...

Many clinical practice recommendations indicate rehabilitation as essential for patients with sequelae of severe or critical COVID-19 and suggest the prompt initiation of a multicomponent rehabilitation program focused on aerobic and endurance traini...

Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) rhizome, which contains glyceryl-1-monolinoleate as its primary active component, has been shown to improve insomnia in animal models. Based on these findings, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of PS rhizome e...

Time series data collected in clinical trials can have varying degrees of missingness, adding challenges during statistical analyses. An additional layer of complexity is introduced for missing data in randomized controlled trials (RCT), where resear...

Background: In recent years, the use of the internet among children and adolescents has dramatically increased, leading to growing concerns regarding the potential risks of excessive internet use and addiction. Addressing these concerns, this systema...

There are two possible ways to conceptualize the term “insomnia”: insomnia disorder and insomnia symptoms, which are often poorly reported. The purpose of this study was to examine the proportion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic...

Covariate adjustment methods are frequently used when baseline covariate information is available for randomized controlled trials. Using a simulation study, we compared the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with three nonparametric covariate adjustmen...

Cumulative experiences of racism lead to stress and trauma. Racial trauma is associated with compromised functioning across psychological, social, and physical health domains. This is further complicated by any comorbidity with other mental health co...

Treatment of bipolar disorder is prone to prolongation despite various treatments, including medication. The efficacy of exercise treatment (i.e., interventions involving physical exercise and sports intervention) for major depressive disorders has b...

A prior study showed that rhythmic, but not arrhythmic, 12 Hz stimulation of the median nerve (MNS) entrained the sensorimotor cortex EEG signal and found that 10 Hz MNS improved tics in Tourette syndrome (TS). However, no control condition was teste...

Cervicogenic dizziness is clinically associated with upper cervical spine dysfunctions. It seems that manual therapy decreases the intensity of dizziness in these subjects, but what happens to pain measured by pressure pain threshold (PPT) has not be...

We hypothesize that the control of tongue position using a newly developed tongue position retainer, where the tongue is held in a protruded position (i.e., intervention A) or in its resting position (i.e., intervention B), is effective for maintaini...

With the penetration of social media into all aspects of people’s lives, there is a growing trend of social media detox (taking a short break from social media). Although social media detox (SMD) has been theorized to influence well-being, vibr...

Over the years, there has been heightened interest in the health benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in reducing chronic diseases such as, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, type 2 diabetes, and acute macular degeneration (AMD). Due...

Our meta-epidemiological study aimed to describe the prevalence of reporting effect modification only on relative scale outcomes and inappropriate interpretations of the coefficient of interaction terms in nonlinear models on categorical outcomes. Ou...