This paper develops a two-dimensional array pyrometer, which can measure the true temperature field of the two-dimensional array. The pyrometer consists of an optical part, a circuit part and a software part. In the optical part, the radiation energy...
We report the experimental results on a new infrared fiber-optic pyrometer for very localized and high-speed temperature measurements ranging from 170 to 530 °C using low-noise photodetectors and high-gain transimpedance amplifiers with a single gain...
The modelling of temperature measurements using optical fiber pyrometers for different hot object sizes with new generalized integration limits is presented. The closed equations for the calculus of the radiated power that is coupled to the optical f...
15 December 2020
Measuring reliably the correct temperature of a sooty flame in an internal combustion engine is important to optimise its efficiency; however, conventional contact thermometers, such as thermocouples, are not adequate in this context, due to drift, t...
Taking non-contact temperature measurements in narrow areas or confined spaces of non-uniform surfaces requires high spatial resolution and independence of emissivity uncertainties that conventional cameras can hardly provide. Two-color optical fiber...
The uncertainty of emissivity has a major effect on the accuracy of a pyrometer in billet temperature measurement. In order to eliminate the influence of emissivity, we place a reflector with two apertures at the front of a pyrometer. The two apertur...
This article presents a model for analyzing the effect of misalignments in the optical power gathered by a single-color fiber-optic off-axis pyrometer when there is a tilting angle between the longitudinal fiber axis and the plane of the emitted surf...
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an advanced technology of additive manufacturing which involves sophisticated processes. However, it is associated with high risks of failure due to the possible generation of cracks and bubbles. If not identified in t...
The modeling of laser-based processes is increasingly addressed in a competitive environment for two main reasons: Preventing a trial-and-error approach to set the optimum processing conditions and non-destructive real-time control. In this frame, a...
The temperature of the flue-gas in the post combustion zone of a waste to energy (WTE) plant has to be maintained within a fairly narrow range of values, the minimum of which is prescribed by the European Waste Directive 2000/76/CE, whereas the maxim...
This article presents a new model of optical power gathered by a fiber-optic pyrometer when there is a tilting angle between the fiber longitudinal axis and the vector perpendicular to the tangent plane of the emitted surface. This optical power depe...
Temperature and its distribution are crucial for combustion monitoring and control. For this application, digital camera-based pyrometers become increasingly popular, due to its relatively low cost. However, these pyrometers are not universally appli...
We describe the parameters that drive the design and modeling of the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) Ground Temperature Sensor (GTS), an instrument aboard NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory, and report preliminary test results. REMS GTS is...
This research presents an experimental study focused on measuring temperature at the tool flank during the up-milling process at high cutting speed. The proposed system deals with emissivity compensation through a two-photodetector system and during...
Significant efforts have been spent determining or monitoring interlayer temperatures (IT) to increase quality in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). However, an uneven thermal profile in the wall and a temperature gradient along the layer length...
A light gas gun was used to study the radiation temperature from the window material of sapphire. The luminescence characteristics were determined using a multi-wavelength pyrometer in the pressure range of 36–50 GPa. By improving the processin...
This paper describes the advantages and enhanced accuracy thermography provides to high temperature mechanical testing. This technique is not only used to monitor, but also to control test specimen temperatures where the infra-red technique enables a...
Thermal issues are critical when machining Ni-based superalloy components designed for high temperature applications. The low thermal conductivity and extreme strain hardening of this family of materials results in elevated temperatures around the cu...
In metal cutting, the magnitude of the temperature at the tool-chip interface is a function of the cutting parameters. This temperature directly affects production; therefore, increased research on the role of cutting temperatures can lead to improve...
Friction and plastic deformation at the tool–chips interaction during a dry drilling process results in temperature rise and promotes tool wear and surface roughness. In most of the components produced in industries, a drilling process is used to mak...
New systems and methods to access the temperature of the melt pool in welding processes have been developed to study phenomena, monitor behaviours, and even be used in closed-loop control strategies. Concerning arc welding processes, the arc radiatio...
In industries that implement the technology of induction soldering, various sensors, including non-contact pyrometric ones, are widely used to control the technological process. The use of this type of sensor implies the need to choose a solution tha...
Infrared radiation thermometers (IRTs) overcome many of the limitations of thermocouples, particularly responsiveness and calibration drift. The main challenge with radiation thermometry is the fast and reliable measurement of temperatures close to r...
Accurate and high-speed transient surface-temperature measurements of combustion devices including internal combustion (IC) engines, gas turbines, etc., provide validation targets and boundary conditions for computational fluid dynamics models, and a...
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), also known as Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition, is used for fabricating large metallic components with high deposition rates. However, the process often leads to residual stress, distortion, defects, undesir...
The modeling of machining process characteristics and, in particular, of various cutting processes occupies a significant part of modern research. Determining the thermal characteristics in short hole drilling processes by numerical simulation is the...
In this study, the exothermic temperature performance of various Al/Ni multilayer powders with particle sizes ranging from under 75 to over 850 µm, which generate enormous heat during self-propagating exothermic reactions, was determined using...
This study aims to measure the cooling rates or, more precisely, the cooling durations of single laser tracks by pyrometry within the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Two-color, as well as one-color pyrometers are tested within this work. Reg...
In this study, the integration of microwave-assisted technology into fixed-bed configuration processes is explored aiming to characterize and address its challenges with a customized multimodal microwave cavity. This research focuses on evaluating th...
Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, allows the fabrication of complex parts, which are impossible or very expensive to produce using traditional processes. That is the case for dinnerware and artworks (stonewar...
The Czochralski method is the dominant technique for producing power-electronics-grade silicon crystals. At the beginning of the seeding stage, an excessively high (or low) temperature at the solid–liquid interface can cause the time required f...
In this study, an experimental approach was developed to analyze and better understand the laser welding and melting of a powder bed process. Different optical diagnostics tools (high-speed camera, infrared camera, pyrometer, etc.) were applied to me...
The results of experiments to determine the role of structural schemes for the ignition of a mechanically activated thermite mixture Al–CuO and the formation of its combustion flame are presented. The reaction initiated in the bulk of the exper...
A vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator was used to observe in situ blistering during 2-MeV proton irradiation of metallic samples to a fluence of up to 6.7 × 1020 cm−2. Samples consisting of copper of different purity, tantalum and tantalum-copper com...
CMT welding sources are garnering attention as alternative heat sources for wire arc additive manufacturing because of their low-heat input. A comprehensive experimental and numerical study on the multi-layer deposition of STS316L was performed to in...
This study proposes a data analysis and modelization method for the rolling mill process of billets in steel plants. By exploiting rolling mill signals and advanced data processing algorithms, a reliable billet tracking system is designed, which trac...
Current methods for estimating the surface temperature of sea and lake ice—the ice surface temperature (IST)—utilize two satellite imager thermal bands (11 and 12 μm) at moderate spatial resolution. These “split-window” or...
In this article, we present an approach to fabricate conductive tracks on polymer substrates. Here, a digital printing process is used together with subsequent processing by a laser. For this purpose, a silver flake-based composite is printed onto a...
This work aims to describe the formation of intermetallics in the Ni-Ti-Al system in dependence on the heating rate, which has been determined previously as the crucial factor of thermal explosion self-propagating synthesis (TE-SHS). The tested alloy...
Increasing the service life of die casting dies is an important goal of the foundry industry. Approaches are either material- or process-related. Despite new material concepts, hot work steels such as H11 are still predominantly used in the uncoated...
The paper is focused on analysing the pearlitic steel phase transformations and their influence on the mechanical properties. The intention is to perform a detailed analysis of the heat treatment process using the exact heating temperature and chemic...
The quality of simulation results significantly depends on the accuracy of the material model and parameters. In high strain rate forming processes such as, e.g., electromagnetic forming or adiabatic blanking, two superposing and opposing effects inf...
Laser powder bed fusion exhibits many advantages for manufacturing complex geometries from hard to machine alloys such as IN625. However, a major drawback is the formation of high tensile residual stresses, and the complex relationship between the pr...
Accurate temperature measurement is a key parameter that determines the quality of additive manufactured components in directed energy deposition processes. Optical pyrometers which are used to provide in-process temperature data require accurate emi...
A fast sensor for simultaneous high temperature (above 800 K) diagnostics of nitrogen oxide (NO) concentration and gas temperature (T) based on the spectral fitting of low-resolution NO UV absorption near 226 nm was applied in pilot-scale LKAB’s Expe...
This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel fiber optic ultrasonic sensing system based on the photoacoustic (PA) ultrasound generation principle and Fabry-Perot interferometer principle for high temperature monitorin...
The objective of this work is to build a Digital Twin of a semi-industrial furnace using Gaussian Process Regression coupled with dimensionality reduction via Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. The Digital Twin is capable of integrating different sourc...
Spatial and temporal knowledge of temperature evolution is crucial in laser beam welding of low-melting materials such as aluminum alloys. Current temperature measurements are restricted to (i) one-dimensional temperature information (e.g., ratio-pyr...
To optimize the deposition parameters of diamond films, the temperature, pressure, and distance between the filament and the susceptor need to be considered. However, it is difficult to precisely measure and predict the filament and susceptor tempera...
Wire-based Laser Metal Deposition (LMD-w) is a suitable manufacturing technology for a wide range of applications such as repairing, coating, or additive manufacturing. Employing a pulsed wave (pw) laser additionally to the continuous wave (cw) proce...
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