Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by cognitive and behavioral symptoms. These AD-related manifestations result from the alteration of neural circuitry by aggregated forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperph...
In contemporary visual decoding models, traditional neural network-based methods have made some advancements; however, their performance in addressing complex visual tasks remains constrained. This limitation is primarily due to the restrictions of l...
The potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) for neurological disorders the treatment has relied in large part upon identifying the NSCs fate decision. The hormone leptin has been reported to be a crucial regulator of brain development, able to influenc...
Numerous studies have focused on the pathophysiological role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) because the proteolytic processing of APP to β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a central event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, many authors...
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), belonging to the transforming factor-β superfamily, regulates anterior-posterior patterning and inhibits neurogenesis during embryonic development. However, recent studies recognized GDF11 as a rejuvenat...
The development of motor function is related to the development of neural pathways in the white matter. Children with developmental delay (DD) and hypotonia have reduced motor function, and their neural pathways are observed differently from those of...
The control of movements is a fundamental feature shared by all animals. At the most basic level, simple movements are generated by coordinated neural activity and muscle contraction patterns that are controlled by the central nervous system. How beh...
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are undifferentiated, multi-potent cells that can give rise to functional neurons and glial cells. The disruption in NSC homeostasis and/or the impaired neurogenesis lead to diverse neurological diseases, including depression...
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are congenital abnormalities in the central nervous system. The exact etiology of NTDs is still not determined, but several genetic and epigenetic factors have been studied. Folate supplementation during gestation is recomm...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NAD+) acts as the essential component of the tricarboxylic citric acid (TCA) cycle and has important functions in diverse biological processes. However, the roles of NAD+ in regulating adult neural stem/prog...
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the subgranular zone (SGZ) throughout the lifespan and hold immense potential for the repair and regeneration of the central nervous system, including hippocampal-related diseases. Several studies have demonstrated...
Understanding early nervous system stress response mechanisms is crucial for studying developmental neurotoxicity and devising neuroprotective treatments. We used hiPSC-derived long-term self-renewing neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cells differentiate...
Lead (Pb) is a pervasive neurotoxicant with well-documented detrimental effects on the central nervous system, particularly in vulnerable populations such as children. Despite historical recognition of its toxicity, Pb exposure remains a significant...
Recent studies have begun to reveal surprising levels of cell diversity in the human brain, both in adults and during development. Distinctive cellular phenotypes point to complex molecular profiles, cellular hierarchies and signaling pathways in neu...
Nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviour (SIB) is a debilitating manifestation of physical aggression commonly observed across neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and genetic disorders. This behaviour arises from a multifactorial aetiology involving genetic...
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequently diagnosed chromosomal disorder of chromosome 21 (HSA21) aneuploidy, characterized by intellectual disability and reduced lifespan. The transcription repressor, Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription fact...
Regenerative medicine is a rapidly expanding area in research and clinical applications. Therapies involving the use of small molecule chemicals aim to simplify the creation of specific drugs for clinical applications. Adult mesenchymal stem cells ha...
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that degrades and recycles cellular materials. Autophagy is considered to be beneficial to the cell and organism by preventing the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates, removing damaged organelles, and pr...
Oleuropein (OLE), a main constituent of olives, displays a pleiotropic beneficial dynamic in health and disease; the effects are based mainly on its antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties, and its capacity to protect the myocardium during ischemia....
Deep learning has proven advantageous in solving cancer diagnostic or classification problems. However, it cannot explain the rationale behind human decisions. Biological pathway databases provide well-studied relationships between genes and their pa...
Our previous study indicated that both 17β-estradiol (E2), known to be an endogenous estrogen, and bisphenol A (BPA), known to be a xenoestrogen, could positively influence the proliferation or differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs)...
Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1), a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase, mediates various neuronal functions, including cell death. Abnormal upregulation of DAPK1 is observed in human patients with neurological diseases, such a...
The mammalian skull vault, a product of a unique and tightly regulated evolutionary process, in which components of disparate embryonic origin are integrated, is an elegant model with which to study osteoblast biology. Our laboratory has demonstrated...
Causal therapies for the auditory-pathway and inner-ear diseases are still not yet available for clinical application. Regenerative medicine approaches are discussed and examined as possible therapy options. Neural stem cells could play a role in the...
Microtia-atresia is a rare type of congenital craniofacial malformation causing severe damage to the appearance and hearing ability of affected individuals. The genetic factors associated with microtia-atresia have not yet been determined. The AMER1...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes patients’ cognition, social, speech and communication skills. ASD is highly heterogeneous with a variety of etiologies and clinical manifestations. The prevalence rate...
The medial geniculate body (MGB) is a nucleus of the diencephalon representing a relevant segment of the auditory pathway and is part of the metathalamus. It receives afferent information via the inferior brachium of the inferior colliculus and trans...
Intracranial bacterial infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neurosurgical cases. Metabolomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) holds great promise to gain insights into the pathogenesis of central neural system (CNS) bac...
Dust storms are natural disasters that have a serious impact on various aspects of human life and physical infrastructure, particularly in urban areas causing health risks, reducing visibility, impairing the transportation sector, and interfering wit...
Understanding the genetic basis of high-performance animals is vital for biological insight and breeding. This study aimed to identify genetic factors distinguishing champion gamecocks (Gallus gallus domesticus) from less successful ones, representin...
Aggressiveness is one of the personality traits of crustaceans, playing a crucial role in their growth, life history, and adaptability by influencing resource acquisition. However, the neuroregulatory mechanisms of aggressiveness in crustaceans remai...
The transportation sector, as a major source of carbon emissions, plays a crucial role in the realization of dual carbon goals worldwide. In this study, an improved least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) is used to identify six key f...
The present study aimed to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of face-identity recognition in newborn infants immediately after birth. Electroencephalographic acquisition was continuously recorded in 23 newborn infants (3 < age < 2...
Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the main genetic reason for intellectual disability and is caused by the silencing of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA-binding protein regulating the translation of many neuronal mRNAs. Neural differenti...
This study aims to investigate the roles of the Notch-Hes1 pathway in the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-mediated differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). We prepared pLentiLox3.7 lentiviral vectors that express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) ag...
Background/Objectives: High-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) are highly heterogeneous tumors, both among patients and within a single tumor. Differences in molecular mechanisms significantly describe this heterogeneity. Four molecular subtypes have be...
The metabolic engineering of pathways has been used extensively to produce molecules of interest on an industrial scale. Methods like gene regulation or substrate channeling helped to improve the desired product yield. Cell-free systems are used to o...
This study evaluates the spatial–temporal evolution of land use intensity and regional development under five shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) through prefecture-level projections in China (2020–2050). This study integrates the popula...
In recent years, the scientific community has increasingly delved into the study of the interaction between the nervous system and tumors, revealing that the nervous system not only regulates bodily functions under physiological conditions, but also...
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a rare disorder of first- and second-pharyngeal arch development, has been linked to a point mutation in VWA1 (von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1), encoding the protein WARP in a five-generation pedigree. However...
Social isolation and loneliness represent critical psychosocial stressors associated with profound hormonal dysregulation and adverse behavioral outcomes. This review synthesizes current evidence on neuroendocrine mechanisms linking perceived and obj...
Increasing reports of neurological and psychiatric outcomes due to psychostimulant synthetic cathinones (SCs) have recently raised public concern. However, the understanding of neurotoxic mechanisms is still lacking, particularly for the under-invest...
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a rare congenital craniofacial deformity that significantly impacts the appearance and hearing. The genetic etiology of HFM remains largely unknown, although genetic factors are considered to be primary contributors. We...
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway is a crucial regulator of cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival. It is frequently dysregulated in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neoplastic disorders. Despite the advancements in m...
Non-syndromic intellectual disability (NS-ID or idiopathic) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that represents a global health issue. Although many efforts have been made to characterize it and distinguish it from syndromic intellectual disabil...
The 3,5-dimethylisoxazole motif has become a useful and popular acetyl-lysine mimic employed in isoxazole-containing bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) inhibitors but may introduce the potential for bioactivations into toxic reactive metabolites. A...
Mammalian cells have evolved to function under Earth’s gravity, but how they respond to microgravity remains largely unknown. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) functions during developmen...
Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that not only involves persistent nociception but is also frequently accompanied by significant emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, which complicate its management and amplify its impact....
Religious experiences represent a universal and timeless phenomenon that has accompanied humanity since its origins. In recent decades, neuroscience has explored the relationship between temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and hyperreligiosity phenomena, de...
Among the numerous compounds released as a result of human activities, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have attracted particular attention due to their widespread detection in human biological samples and their accumulation across various ecosy...
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