In this work, high-throughput screening technology is applied to four-member refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) films with high W content. The exploration of refractory metals such as W is strictly limited by the high melting temperat...
Using machine learning models, this study innovatively introduces multi-element compositions to optimize the performance of spinel refractories. A total of 1120 spinel samples were fabricated at 1600 °C for 2 h, and an experimental database conta...
As a pre-treatment method of refractory gold ore, carbonaceous matter (C-matter) flotation was investigated with multi-stage flotation by rougher, scavenger, and cleaner stages. Different dosages of kerosene and MIBC (4-Methyl-2-pentanol) were applie...
Controlling multiple phases by adjusting elemental ratios and applying heat treatments effectively balances the strength and ductility of refractory high-entropy alloys. In this study, five types of V-Ti-Cr-Nb-Mo alloys were designed by varying the c...
The treatment landscape for relapsed multiple myeloma (RRMM) has experienced an unprecedented wave of innovation. Implementation of numerous new substances and drug classes with different modes of action is made possible in routine clinical practice....
As emergent material candidates for extreme environments, refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) or refractory multi-principal-element alloys (RMPEAs) comprising refractory metals feature qualities such as high radiation tolerance, corrosion resistanc...
In multiple myeloma impressive outcomes have improved with the introduction of new therapeutic approaches, mainly those including naked monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab and isatuximab. However, moving to earlier lines of therapy with effecti...
Differentiated thyroid cancer is usually a slow-growing disease, even if the patients develop distant metastasis. For recurrent or metastatic disease, radioactive iodine therapy is a standard treatment. However, the disease gradually progresses in so...
Rotary kiln shell temperature monitoring is essential for metallic shell protection and refractory lining maintenance in high-temperature industrial processes, while smoke, dust, thermal diffusion and non-kiln heat sources make valid shell temperatur...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains difficult to manage in patients who fail multiple therapeutic lines, and growing evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome contribute to persistent symptoms and inflammatory activity. This study...
Background/Objectives: Relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) remain a major therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients with aggressive subtypes and limited treatment options after multiple lines of therapy. The ViPOR re...
In this work, the effect of Nb content on the microstructure, passive film stability, and tribocorrosion behavior of TiZrNbTa refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs) was evaluated in 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution. Three designed alloys, Ti45Zr45N...
Chemical short-range order (CSRO) is associated with heterogeneous lattice distortion in refractory multi-principal-element alloys, but its relationship with cyclic dislocation organization remains unresolved. Hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic...
Multiple myeloma is a malignant hematological tumor characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow causing organ damage. Despite improved survival rates due to the increasing availability of therapeutic options in recent...
Pathogenic TMPRSS6 variants impairing matriptase-2 function result in inappropriately high hepcidin levels relative to body iron status, leading to iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA). As diagnosing IRIDA can be challenging due to its geno...
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) represents the most common thyroid cancer histotype. Generally, it exhibits a good prognosis after conventional treatments; nevertheless, about 20% of patients can develop a local recurrence and/or distant metastas...
High-entropy alloys (HEAs), complex concentrated alloys (CCAs), medium-entropy alloys (MEAs), and multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are compositionally complex material classes in which design is based on multiple principal elements present in s...
Most studies conducted have focused on the pulp density, Fe3+ concentration and sulfuric acid concentration, etc., of bio-oxidation, and few have reported on the influence of different bio-oxidation methods on kinetics. In this study, a comparative i...
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients presenting a relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease are currently managed with salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, almost 25–30% of these patients fail to ac...
CD38 and B-cell maturation antigens (BCMAs) are prevalently expressed on neoplastic plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM), making them ideal therapeutic targets. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, such as approved daratumumab and isatuximab, are curren...
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a key cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of various immuno-mediated inflammatory diseases. In recent years, several drugs selectively targeting IL-23 have been developed and three of them (mirikizumab, risankizumab and gu...
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 agents, have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing T-cell–mediated antitumor responses and significantly improving survival across multiple malignancies....
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS). The remission rate of MN remains limited, and effective strategies for refractory MN are not established. We present the case of a 49-year-old Japanese woman with severe NS ca...
Efficient melting of direct reduced iron (DRI) is essential for improving the stability and productivity of low-carbon steelmaking processes. In this study, the effect of FeO content on DRI melting behavior and coupled interfacial reactions in slag&n...
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is highly effective in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI); increasing evidence supports FMT in severe or fulminant Clostridioides difficile infection (SFCDI). However, the multifactorial mechanis...
Background: For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the definition of refractoriness to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), which might make them a candidate for systemic therapy, is still controversial. We aimed to derive and validate...
In this work, the influence of laser power (LP), scanning speed (SS), and powder feeding speed (PF) on the porosity, dilution, and microhardness of lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) coatings produced via laser cladding (LC) was investi...
Background: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types along with breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Many patients with CRC present with metastatic disease despite receiving standard first- and second-line therapies; thus emerg...
Endometriosis is increasingly recognized as a chronic systemic disorder extending beyond the classical estrogen-dependent paradigm, integrating metabolic, immune, fibrotic, and nociceptive pathways that sustain lesion persistence and refractory pelvi...
Nanoporous structures with 3D interconnected networks are traditionally made by dealloying a binary precursor. Certain approaches for fabricating these materials have been applied to refractory multi-principal element alloys (RMPEAs), which can be su...
Aiming at optimizing properties of alumina-spinel refractory castables, coarse corundum particles were replaced partially with the particles of a novel porous multi-component CMA (CaO-MgO-Al2O3) aggregate in the same size. Properties including the bu...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common cause of vaginal discharge, is characterized by a shift in the vaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus species dominance to a diverse array of facultative and strict anaerobic bacteria which form a multi-specie...
Organization of environmentally-friendly production of refractory materials based on the principles of cost-effective use of energy and material resources through use of energy-saving technologies and replacement of natural raw materials with industr...
Lightweight thermal insulation refractories (LTIRs) face an inherent trade-off between thermal insulation and mechanical integrity under harsh, multi-physical service environments. However, existing research largely focuses on isolated strengthening...
Pediatric epilepsy presents with various diagnostic challenges. Recent advances in neuroimaging play an important role in the diagnosis, management and in guiding the treatment of pediatric epilepsy. Structural neuroimaging techniques such as CT and...
The excellent mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys, especially under harsh service environments, have attracted increasing attention in the last decade. FCC-based and refractory high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are the most extensively used series....
A novel (TaWZrHf)95Y5 refractory high-entropy alloy (RHEA) matrix was fabricated via vacuum hot pressing (VHP) sintering and subsequently modified through laser remelting (LR) surface treatment. Thermodynamic phase diagram calculations predicted the...
The relapse rate for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains high despite advancements in risk classification, multi-agent chemotherapy intensification, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care guidelines. Prognosis for this subgroup...
Currently, an important fundamental problem of practical importance is the production of high-quality solid-phase compounds of various metals. This paper presents a theoretical model that allows one to study the diffusion process in nickel-base refra...
The behavior of molten steel within a tundish plays a crucial role in achieving uniform temperature and chemical composition, enhancing the removal efficiency of non-metallic inclusions, and reducing the wear of refractory linings. These aspects are...
During vertebrate development, embryonic cells pass through a continuum of transitory pluripotent states that precede multi-lineage commitment and morphogenesis. Such states are referred to as “refractory/naïve” and “competent/...
Treatment refractory or recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe chronic pain illness. Single-session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to elicit analgesic effects in several craniofacial pain syndromes, includ...
Asphaltenes are the most polar and refractory fraction of crude oil, and are typically isolated using petroleum-derived precipitants (e.g., n-hexane, n-heptane) and then dissolved in aromatic solvents such as toluene, which raises safety and sustaina...
R-CHOP immuno-chemotherapy significantly improved clinical management of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, 30–40% of DLBCL patients still present a refractory disease or relapse. Most of the prognostic markers identified to date f...
A metallic material resistant to the attack of both oxygen and sulfur at high temperatures has been desired for years. Unfortunately, commonly used commercial oxidation-resistant materials degrade rapidly in the presence of sulfur. Conversely, sulfid...
Background: Both nifekalant hydrochloride (NIF), a selective IKr blocker, and intravenous amiodarone (AMD), a multi-channel (including IKr blocking) blocker, have been reported to be efficacious for refractory arrhythmias. However, the optimal use of...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is nearly ubiquitous in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF CRS is a challenging entity to define, diagnose, and treat, as patients often have severe refractory sinus disease in addition to complex medical comorbiditie...
Joule-heated electric glass melters are highly energy-intensive and operate under stringent throughput, quality, and refractory-protection constraints, yet existing optimization approaches either rely on offline high-fidelity CFD—which is too slow fo...
Difficult-to-treat systemic lupus erythematosus (D2T-SLE) remains a major unmet challenge in contemporary lupus care, yet it continues to be defined predominantly by clinical non-response rather than underlying biology. Current biomarkers largely qua...
Background: Septic shock remains a major cause of mortality in critical care, driven by profound vasoplegia, myocardial depression and refractory circulatory collapse. Conventional therapy occasionally fails to restore adequate perfusion, leading to...
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