The replication-transmission relativity theory, currently used to inform the development of multiscale models of infectious disease dynamics, needs a revision and extension to accommodate new basic science and clinical information about infectious di...
25 November 2019
Infectious diseases are an important cause of human death. The study of the pathogenesis, spread regularity, and development trend of infectious diseases not only provides a theoretical basis for future research on infectious diseases, but also has p...
The mechanisms of data analytics and machine learning can allow for a profound conceptualization of viruses (such as pathogen transmission rate and behavior). Consequently, such models have been widely employed to provide rapid and accurate viral spr...
30 April 2020
In understanding the dynamics of the spread of an infectious disease, it is important to understand how a town’s place in a network of towns within a region will impact how the disease spreads to that town and from that town. In this article, w...
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a disreputable symbiotic bacterium that is responsible for a range of diseases, including life-threatening pneumonia, endocarditis, septicemia, and others, which has led to an immense loss in both public health an...
Some infectious diseases such as COVID-19 have the characteristics of long incubation period, high infectivity during the incubation period, and carriers with mild or no symptoms which are more likely to cause negligence. Global researchers are worki...
The dynamics that lead to the spread of an infectious disease through a population can be characterized as a complex system. One way to model such a system, in order to improve preparedness, and learn more about how an infectious disease, such as COV...
This paper enhances the agent model of ordinary individuals by incorporating the roles of places in the transmission, prevention, and control in the process, establishing a fundamental connection between these two types of agents through individual t...
Owing to the continued occurrence of infectious diseases, proactive prevention and management plans are required. This study aimed to develop design guidelines to effectively respond to infectious diseases based on the needs of apartment residents, w...
Infectious disease modeling surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, with numerous epidemiological models developed to shape both research and public policy. The abundance of available models—developed with diverse characteristics and modeling obje...
24 February 2016
Mathematical models have been used to understand the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases and to assess the impact of intervention strategies. Traditional mathematical models usually assume a homogeneous mixing in the population, which is rar...
20 August 2025
Infectious disease modeling and forecasting tools are crucial for outbreak management. However, variability exists in the capacity of state and local health departments to effectively utilize these tools, influenced by factors such as infrastructure,...
This study presents an extended approach to compartmental modeling of infectious disease spread, focusing on regional heterogeneity within affected areas. Using classical SIS, SIR, and SEIR frameworks, we simulate the dynamics of COVID-19 across two...
With the high integration of smart grid information and physical systems, the security of information systems must affect the safe and stable operation of physical systems. Risk assessment is an effectual means to objectively evaluate the information...
Background/Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), including sepsis, represent a major challenge in clinical practice owing to their impact on patient outcomes and healthcare systems. Large language models (LLMs) offer a potential soluti...
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a valuable model for studying host-pathogen interactions due to its unique combination of characteristics. These include extensive sequence and functional conservation with the human genome, optical transpar...
Objective: Dynamic allocation of emergency medical resources is a critical task in the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). This study aims to address the challenge of a “run on the healthcare system” by propo...
29 December 2022
With the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of infectious disease spreading in public places has been brought into focus more than ever. Places that are of particular interest regarding the spread of infectious diseases are international airport terminals,...
Humanized mouse models offer human-specific platforms for investigating complex host–pathogen interactions, addressing shortcomings of conventional preclinical models that often fail to replicate human immune responses accurately. This integrat...
Isolation units in veterinary hospitals are essential for managing infectious diseases, but limited resources in staff, equipment and budget make timely triage difficult. In this scenario, data-driven models, if trained with high-quality data and pre...
The purpose of this paper is to construct a new fixed-point iterative scheme, called the Picard-like iterative scheme, for approximating the fixed point of a mapping that satisfies condition
For decades, understanding the dynamics of infectious diseases and halting their spread has been a major focus of mathematical modelling and epidemiology. The stochastic SIRS (susceptible–infectious–recovered–susceptible) reaction&n...
9 November 2021
Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused an unprecedented public health crisis and drastically impacted the economy. The relationship between different control measures and economic losses becomes a research hotspot. Methods: In t...
Background/Objectives: The potential of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to augment clinical consultation services in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (ID) is being evaluated. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated the p...
29 December 2022
The minimal case fatality rate (CFR) is one of the essential fundaments for the establishment of a diverse national response strategy against the COVID-19 epidemic, but cannot be quantitatively predicted. The aim of the present study was to explore t...
Given the present pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 virus, the authors tried fitting existing models for the daily loss of lives. Based on data reported by Worldometers on the initial stages (first w...
25 April 2012
In recent years there has been a large scientific and public debate on climate change and its direct as well as indirect effects on human health. In particular, a large amount of research on the effects of climate changes on human health has addresse...
Complex systems are inherently multilevel and multiscale systems. The infectious disease system is considered a complex system resulting from the interaction between three sub-systems (host, pathogen, and environment) organized into a hierarchical st...
We extend the classical compartmental frameworks for susceptible-infected-susceptible (
As infectious diseases have a severe impact on the individual survival and competitive ability of host species in grassland communities, competition between relevant species may have different consequences, potentially influencing the species composi...
The use of animal models of human disease is critical for furthering our understanding of disease mechanisms, for the discovery of novel targets for treatment, and for translational research. This Special Topic entitled “Animal Models of Human...
In this study, a farm-scale mathematical programming model for sheep and goat farms is proposed to simulate economic performance, including new resilience sheep traits that allow animals to counteract the presence of infectious and noninfectious dise...
The outbreak of epidemiological diseases creates a major impact on humanity as well as on the world’s economy. The consequence of such infectious diseases affects the survival of mankind. The government has to stand up to the negative influence...
The widespread outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 has posed an enormous threat to global public health. A different set of policy interventions has been implemented to mitigate the spread in most countries. While the use of personal p...
Infectious diseases are responsible for over 25% of deaths globally, but many more individuals are exposed to deadly pathogens. The outcome of infection results from a set of diverse factors including pathogen virulence factors, the environment, and...
Infections represent highly dynamic processes, characterized by evolutionary changes and events that involve both the pathogen and the host. Among infectious agents, viruses, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-...
Obtaining reasonable estimates for transmission rates from observed data is a challenge when using mathematical models to study the dynamics of ?infectious? diseases, like Ebola. Most models assume the transmission rate of a contagion either does not...
Classrooms at any educational institution have become high-risk sites for contagion during past and present pandemic periods caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) viral siege, given the prolonged time educators and students spend in joint activity. Amo...
The spread of infectious diseases is a complex system in which pathogens, humans, the environment, and sometimes vectors interact. Mathematical and simulation modelling is a suitable approach to investigate the dynamics of such complex systems. The 2...
Most research about compartmental models of infection disease often consider the transmission rate as a constant, which is not ideal for the dynamic surveillance of infectious diseases. This study fully utilized continuously updated real-time epidemi...
We describe results from a panel study in which pigs from a 17-sow African swine fever (ASF) positive herd in Thái Bình province, Vietnam, were followed over time to record the date of onset of ASF signs and the date of death from ASF....
Respiratory infectious diseases are more likely to occur in indoor environments. Therefore, the probability of transmission when sharing the same indoor space with an infected individual for a certain period of time has an impact on the response meas...
Most biological processes take time to occur. In infectious diseases, such as malaria or chikungunya, there is a period of time between when a susceptible individual gets bitten by the vector, and when the individual develops the disease. These times...
Stochastic epidemic models may offer a vitally essential public health tool for comprehending and regulating disease progression. The best illustration of their importance and usefulness is perhaps the substantial influence that these models have had...
The research carried out on socioeconomic implication models of (re)emerging infectious diseases triggering pandemics has shown us that these largely depended on infection transmission, conditioned by the type of pathogen and the human host. Also, th...
Infectious disease transmission can be greatly influenced by human mobility. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Chinese Government implemented travel restriction policies to mitigate the impact of the disease or even block the transmission chain of it...
Aging-related molecular and cellular alterations in the lung contribute to an increased susceptibility of the elderly to devastating diseases. Although the study of the aging process in the lung may benefit from the use of genetically modified mouse...
In this paper, a mathematical model for African swine fever is modified by considering the swine farm with the contaminated human vector that is able to infect and spread the disease among swine farms. In the developed model, we have divided the swin...
This paper introduces the mathematical formalization of two probabilistic procedures for susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) infectious diseases epidemic models, over Erdös-Rényi contact network...
The religious pilgrimage of Hajj is one of the largest annual gatherings in the world. Every year approximately three million pilgrims travel from all over the world to perform Hajj in Mecca in Saudi Arabia. The high population density of pilgrims in...
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