1,084 Results Found

Aluminum is a significant impurity in the ion-adsorption rare earth ore. The changes in the occurrences of aluminum have a great influence on the leaching of the rare earth ore. In this paper, the column leaching method was employed using magnesium s...

The recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is becoming increasingly important due to the depletion of natural resources and potential pollution from the spent batteries. In this work, different types of acids (2 M citric...

The soil-water characteristic curve is the basic constitutive relation to express the water-holding characteristics of ion-absorbed rare earth. The simulated solution mining test and pressure plate apparatus tests were carried out, the relationship b...

As an important substitute for ammonium-free leaching, magnesium sulfate is applied as a leaching agent for the mining of ion-adsorbed REE (rare earth element) deposits. Upon deriving the equation regulating the leaching kinetics on the basis of the...

The effect of biodegradable chelating agents on the recovery of rare earth elements (REE) from clay minerals via ion-exchange leaching was investigated, with the aim of proposing a cost-effective, enhanced procedure that is environmentally benign and...

Ion-adsorption-type rare earth ores (IRE-ores) are a vital source of rare earth elements globally. The percolation properties of the ore body significantly determine the ease of rare earth extraction using in situ leaching processes. This paper inves...

The chemical reaction of ion-adsorption-type rare earth ore during the in situ leaching process is accompanied by ion migration and charge movement, making the leaching process electrochemical in nature. The chemical reaction rate plays an important...

The recovery of tungsten (W) from a honeycomb-type spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst using an alkaline leaching–ion exchange method was investigated. Spent SCR catalyst mainly consists of TiO₂ and other oxides (6.37% W, 1.57% vanadiu...

Scandium, a valuable element with restricted production sources mainly situated in China and Russia, is typically obtained as a by-product during the production of various materials. As the demand for scandium grows in the expanding aluminum and fuel...

Lithium-ion batteries are currently one of the most important mobile energy storage units for portable electronics such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc. Their widespread application leads to the generation of large amounts of waste, so their re...

In the process of the comprehensive recovery and utilization of discarded lithium-ion batteries via acid leaching, a large number of NiS and CoS mixed materials are produced. To improve the metal recovery rate, the kinetics and rate-determining step...

This study introduces an innovative strategy for the selective leaching of lithium from spent Li-ion batteries. Based on thermodynamic assessments and exploiting waste eggshells as a source of calcium carbonate, an impressive 38% of lithium was disso...

The feasibility of using low-environmental-impact leaching media to recover valuable metals from lithium ion batteries (LIBs) has been evaluated. Several deep eutectic solvents (DES) were tested as leaching agents in the presence of different type of...

Metals such as nickel, cobalt, lithium, and manganese are widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electronic devices and electric vehicles. It is forecast that there will be a strong increase in the number of electronic devices and electric ve...

This study explores the optimization of hydrometallurgical processes for recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) containing a mixture of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel–manganese–cobalt (NMC) cathodes. Two approaches were investiga...

Near-complete (>99%) dissolution of lithium and cobalt was achieved by the leaching of black mass from spent (end-of-life) lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) using 4 M H₂SO₄ or HCl at 60 °C. Raising the temperature to 90 °C did not increase the...

Waste batteries and accumulators are a group of waste, the amount of which is constantly increasing every year. A particular weight gain of this type of waste is observed for lithium-ion batteries used in various electronic devices and modern passeng...

Amid growing environmental pressure and increasing demand for resource sustainability, the efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become a critical challenge in the field of resource recycling. Therefore, a...

This study introduces a straightforward and effective amorphous ZrP/polyacrylonitrile composite ion exchange method for separating Li from the leachate of spent Li-ion batteries (NMC 111). The cathode materials were leached with a series of optimized...

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash, containing substantial amounts of calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), and other valuable elements, offers promising potential as a raw material for carbon capture, utilization (CCU), and alkali production....

The sustainable recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is imperative for closing the resource loop. This study presents an integrated strategy for the stepwise recovery of metals from spent cathode sheets by in situ ther...

The electrochemical reuse of spent graphite from the negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries is influenced by regeneration-induced changes in near-surface chemical and defect states. These states govern solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) re-form...

In this research, two different hydrometallurgical processes were introduced for recycling the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from spent LIBs. The cathode materials were leached by malonic acid (MOA), as a leaching agent, and ascorbic acid...

The rapid growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market has highlighted the critical importance of securing a stable supply chain for lithium-ion battery (LIB) resources, thereby increasing the need for efficient recycling technologies. Among these, lit...

This paper presents the results of applying hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) for the extraction of metal ions from a real hydrochloric acid solution after leaching the cathodes of three different types of Li-ion batteries. Aliquat 336-, D2E...

This study investigated the detrimental effect of graphite on metal recovery during sulfuric acid roasting of lithium-ion battery materials. While sulfuric acid roasting of black mass achieved excellent leaching efficiencies (>99%) for nickel and...

The rapid growth of electric vehicles has increased the demand for lithium-ion batteries, highlighting the need for sustainable recycling of spent cathode materials. This study combines laboratory-scale leaching experiments and Material Flow Cost Acc...

Lithium-ion battery recycling includes discharging and processing exhausted batteries to recover valuable metals for reuse in new battery production. The improper disposal of e-waste draws attention to the possibility of reprocessing used lithium-ion...

The sustainable recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is critical for resource conservation and environmental protection but remains challenging due to the complex coexistence of target and impurity metals. This study s...

The escalating production and use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have led to a pressing need for efficient and sustainable methods for recycling valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium from spent cathode materials. Traditional...

Cementation using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) remains the standard method for conditioning low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste, including Spent Ion Exchange Resins (SIERs). This work presents an integrated strategy involving thermal pret...

The thermal treatment of lithium-ion batteries is an already industrially implemented process step in some recycling chains. It provides the advantages of controlled organic removal and conditioning of the black mass for further process steps, such a...

Extracting valuable elements from coal gangue is an important method for the utilization of coal gangue. In order to obtain the suitable technological conditions and the acid leaching kinetic model of leaching aluminum and iron ions from high-iron an...

Leaching of calcium ions increases the porosity of cement-based materials, consequently resulting in a negative effect on durability since it provides an entry for aggressive harmful ions, causing reinforcing steel corrosion. This study investigates...

A new concept for copper (Cu) metal leaching by the simultaneous use of cupric ions (Cu²⁺) and oxygen (O₂) was proposed to improve Cu metal leaching in sulfuric acid. According to this concept, Cu²⁺ oxidizes Cu metal into cuprous ion (Cu⁺), and O₂ ox...

Liquid-phase mineralization of CO₂ using coal fly ash (CFA) is an efficient approach to permanent CO₂ sequestration. To address the low leaching efficiency of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in carbon mineralization, this study systematically investigates the le...

To study the soil-water effect of red clay, a leaching test is conducted by loading red clay into a soil column and collecting the leaching waste liquid periodically for analysis of the ion content and conductivity changes in the leaching waste liqui...

To reveal how CaF₂ improves the dissolution ratios of aluminum and iron ions in coal gangue, CaF₂ and hydrochloric acid are used to extract Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ from the coal gangue calcined powder. The leaching ratios of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ are measured, and the...

Recent studies in hydrometallurgy are focused on developing eco-friendly and selective leach agents such as organic acids. These agents can extract metal ions, which are usually separated through precipitation methods. When traditional methods are us...

Galena is the most important mineral for lead production, as it is the main source of lead in the world. Currently, the concentrates of this mineral are mainly treated using pyrometallurgical methods, creating several environmental problems, such as...

Ionic rare earth ores are primarily extracted through in situ shallow well leaching. The leaching solutions engage in a physical–chemical coupling effect with the rare earth ores, which diminishes the strength parameters of weathered ore layers...

Clay minerals have a specific adsorption capability for anions, which increases the amount of net negative charge on the surface, leading to the increased adsorption of rare-earth ions in clay minerals and some change from exchangeable to non-exchang...

In the present paper, the leaching of copper from printed circuit boards (PCBs) using sulfuric acid with Cu²⁺ and O₂ is proposed. The effects of various process parameters such as agitation speed, temperature, the type and the flow rate of gas, initi...

Rare earth elements (REE) are considered to be a critical resource, because of their importance in green energy applications and the overdependence on Chinese imports. REE rich ion-adsorption deposits (IAD) result from tropical weathering of REE enri...

Magnesium sulfate leaching of ionic rare earth ores is generally characterized by a smooth outflow curve, a long leaching time, and a high impurity content in the leach liquor. To reveal the leaching law of rare earth cations and impurity aluminum io...

Selective lithium pre-leaching can separate an accessible lithium fraction before complete black-mass dissolution while limiting the co-dissolution of accompanying elements. However, comparative evidence across compositionally different, industrially...

In the process of ion-adsorbed rare earth (RE) ore leaching and mining, the injected chemical agent and rare earth particles have a strong chemical reaction, resulting in changes in the structure of the rare earth, and thus affecting the macroscopic...

Ion-adsorption-type rare-earth ores (IATREOs) that have experienced granite weathering have good permeability, and their leaching process involves the solute transport problem, which is dominated by convection. Because of the oscillation and dispersi...

This paper presents comparative experimental results for the single-stage and two-stage counter-current acid leaching of battery masses, with the addition of a booster, from different types of LIB waste. Three different types of battery masses were u...

Recovery of metals from e-waste forms a major focus of circular economy thinking and aligns well with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). While hydrometallurgical extraction from electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs) is well established, the...