146 Results Found

The global total electron content (TEC) map in 2013, retrieved from the International Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Service (IGS), and the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) model are used to monitor the diurnal evolution of t...

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in the interaction of the land-atmosphere system. However, clouds affect the retrieval of LST data from thermal-infrared remote sensing data. Thus, it is important to determine a method for estimati...

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a key volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere, plays a crucial role in driving photochemical processes. Satellite-based observations of column concentrations of HCHO and other gaseous pollutants (e.g., NO₂) have general...

Different diurnal rainfall cycles occur over the offshore and inland regions of the South China coastal area (SCCA). Inspired by these findings, in this study, we investigated the diurnal evolution features of cloud systems and cloud properties insid...

In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of 22 species from three subfamilies in the Sphingidae were sequenced, assembled, and annotated. Eight diurnal hawkmoths were included, of which six were newly sequenced (Hemaris radians, Macroglossum bombylan...

The diurnal cycle of the North American monsoon is analyzed based on the output from a mesoscale model simulation. Statistically significant diurnal cycle in precipitation is identified, with heavy precipitation—essentially convective—dominating in l...

The diurnal evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer—the lowermost part of the atmosphere where the majority of human activity and meteorological phenomena take place—is described by its depth. Additionally, the boundary layer height (...

In the Cerrado-Amazonian ecotone in the State of Mato Grosso, intensely altered by anthropic action, the knowledge and processes of energy conversion and energy balance are still incipient, making the monitoring and modeling of diffuse radiation esse...

The city of Athens has faced air pollution problems over the last few decades due to the high population density associated with an intense emission load constrained by the local topography causing poor ventilation. In addition, the high levels of so...

Continuous ground-based microwave (MW) measurements with the RPG-HATPRO radiometer at the observational site of St. Petersburg State University located near the coastline of the Gulf of Finland have provided a large amount of data on the cloud liquid...

Based on hourly precipitation observations, the diurnal variation in precipitation and its seasonal evolution over the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) were analyzed. The results indicate that the seasonal variation in hourly rainfall in the wester...

Here, we study three fundamental climatic phenomena: The seasonal lag, the diurnal lag, and the asymmetry of daily temperature variation. We write a nonlinear ODE based on an energy balance for surface temperature and humidity. The model focuses on s...

The downscaling of frequently-acquired geostationary Land Surface Temperature (LST) data can compensate the lack of high spatiotemporal LST data for urban climate studies. In order to be usable, the generated datasets must accurately reproduce the sp...

To better understand processes involved in the evaporative drying of the soil, simulations on the dynamics of the evaporation zone, condensation zone, and dry surface layer (DSL) were conducted during a 10-day drying event under diurnal atmospheric c...

Most organisms are dependent on sensory cues from their environment for survival and reproduction. Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) represent an ideal system for studying sensory niche adaptation due to many species relying on bioluminescent commun...

The typical diurnal variability of tropospheric winds over West Sumatra and their changes associated with El Niño Southern Oscillation, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, Madden–Julian Oscillations and convectively coupled Kelvin waves during t...

Using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset during the period 1979–2019, the diurnal variation in summer water vapor budget (Bt) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is investigated in this study. It is found that the TP Bt shows a distinct diurnal cycle. It te...

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has strong diurnal variability, but routine radiosonde launches at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC cannot fully resolve its daily evolution. This study develops and evaluates a 13-year (2007–2019) hourly ABL profile dat...

The diurnal cycle of land surface temperature (LST) is an important element of the climate system. Geostationary satellites can provide the diurnal cycle of LST with low spatial resolution and incomplete global coverage, which limits its applications...

Lepidoptera typically exhibit a dichotomy in compound eye design: diurnal butterflies possess apposition eyes for high resolution in bright light, whereas nocturnal moths have superposition eyes for enhanced sensitivity under dim conditions. However,...

Dynamic changes in diurnal light and temperature are a natural phenomenon, particularly pronounced in arid environments. However, it remains unclear whether the coupling of diurnal light and temperature fluctuations contributes to the capability and...

Monitoring front dynamics is essential for studying the ocean’s physical and biogeochemical processes. However, the diurnal displacement of fronts remains unclear because of limited in situ observations. Using the hourly satellite imageries from the...

To improve the understanding of the seasonal evolution of the mass and heat budget of ice-covered lakes in the cold and arid climate zone, in-situ observations were collected during two winters (2016–2017 and 2017–2018) in Lake Wuliangsuh...

Mixing layer height (MLH) is a crucial parameter for air quality modelling that is still not routinely measured. Common methods for MLH determination use atmospheric profiles recorded by radiosonde but this process suffers from coarse temporal resolu...

The 589 nm three-frequency lidar systems are widely employed for detecting atmospheric parameters in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Recently, the single-peak atomic frequency discriminator (SPAFD) has enabled 589 nm three-frequency lida...

Diurnal valley winds frequently form over complex topography, particularly under fair weather conditions, and have a significant impact on the local weather and climate. Since diurnal valley winds result from complex and multi-scale interactions, the...

(1) Background: Recognising the full spatial and temporal distribution of PM_2.5 is important in order to understand the formation, evolution and impact of pollutants. The high temporal resolution satellite, Himawari-8, providing an hourly AOD dataset...

Under the dual pressure of rapid urbanization and global warming, the urban heat island (UHI) effect has been intensifying, accompanied by a continuous increase in heat exposure. As a typical example of rapid urbanization in China, Xi’an is facing se...

The visual characteristics of animals with different circadian habits, especially colubrid snakes, exhibit highly variable photoreceptor morphology. While studies have reported on the diversity in retinal cell morphology among snakes with different c...

During the process of land–atmosphere interaction, one of the essential parameters is the land surface temperature (LST). The LST has high temporal variability, especially in its diurnal cycle, which cannot be acquired by polar-orbiting satellites. T...

Climate models often face challenges in accurately simulating the daily precipitation cycle over tropical land areas, particularly in the Amazon. One contributing factor may be the incomplete representation of the diurnal evolution of shallow cumulus...

Two years of data on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measured at the Liupan Mountain (LPS) Meteorological Station from August 2020 to November 2021 were analyzed in this study. The results show that the mean annual CCN concentration was 851 cm⁻...

Based on Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observations in Wuhan over the course of 21 months, we compared the temperature and water vapor levels with those from radiosonde (RS) sounding data at 00:00 and 12:00 UTC, and then analyzed the seasonal and diurna...

The coseismic geothermal changes of ground temperature observed at observatories near the epicenter of the 2020 Jiashi Ms = 6.4 earthquake in China, provide a unique opportunity to study heat generation and conduction in rock. Here, evolutions of roc...

The nonmigrating diurnal tide, DW2, is known to have a source from the stationary planetary wave with wavenumber 1 (SPW1) and the migrating diurnal tide (DW1) interaction. Recent research has shown that DW2 time evolution in the equatorial mesopause...

Extremely persistent flash heavy rainfalls (EPHRs) over the Sichuan Basin in China are influenced by both multiscale weather systems and complex underlying surfaces, making it difficult to understand the favorable dynamic mechanisms and to further im...

Microwave radiometer (MRM) is one of the important payloads on the Chang’e-2 (CE-2) Lunar satellite. In the Chang’e satellite’s observation of the microwave radiation brightness temperature (TB) on the lunar surface, there are some...

Following the implementation of the Shanghai Clean Air Act, this study investigates the evolution of air pollution in central Shanghai (Putuo District) by analyzing continuous monitoring data (2016–2020) and chemical speciation of particulate m...

The land–sea breeze (LSB) system, driven by the thermal contrast between the land and the adjacent ocean is a widely known atmospheric phenomenon, which occurs in coastal regions globally. South-west Australia experiences a persistent and one o...

Sympatric animals with similar requirements can separate their ecological niches along the microhabitat, food and time axes. There may be alternative reasons for an interspecific different activity pattern, such as intraspecific social constraints, p...

High-precision and -resolution atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH) has received increasing attention in air pollution research in recent years. The low time resolution of sounding data is the main challenge to validate BLH retrieval from lidar ob...

The article investigates the impact of aerosol composition on the estimation of the downwelling surface shortwave flux (DSSF). This initiative forms part of the efforts to improve the DSSF distributed by the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applicatio...

In November 2016, a 95 GHz cloud radar was permanently deployed in Reunion Island to investigate the vertical distribution of tropical clouds and monitor the temporal variability of cloudiness in the frame of the pan-European research infrastructure...

The Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) profoundly affects human health, agriculture, eco-system, and socioeconomic systems. In this study, we analyzed past and future changes in DTR using gridded Climate Research Unit (CRU) datasets for the years 1950&n...

Plants have developed timing mechanisms that enable them to maintain synchrony with daily environmental events. These timing mechanisms, i.e., circadian clocks, include transcriptional/translational feedback loops that drive 24 h transcriptional rhyt...

Accurate and consistent observations of diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST DV) and its impact on air–sea heat fluxes over large areas for extended periods are challenging due to their short time scale and wide coverage. The hou...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by partial or complete recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse that occur during the night. The OSA manifests with a reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (...

This present work investigates several local and synoptic meteorological aspects associated with two wintertime haze episodes in Greater Bangkok using observational data, covering synoptic patterns evolution, day-to-day and diurnal variation, dynamic...

The objective of this study was to characterize radon concentrations registered in the Radiological Surveillance Network of the Basque country in relation to local meteorological parameters, and to determine its behaviour under heatwave events. For t...

The land surface temperature (LST) is an important indicator reflecting the ecological environment condition. As a sensitive area to climate change, mastering the spatial and temporal changes of summer LST in the Bosten Lake basin (BLB) helps gain in...